USENIX Association
apsipa asc ccf等级
apsipa asc ccf等级APSIPA, ASC, CCF等级APSIPA（Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association），ASC（Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Applied Computing）以及CCF（中国计算机学会）是在计算机和信息处理领域内享有盛誉的组织。
这些组织通过评定和认可会员的研究质量和学术贡献，为学术研究者和从业者提供了积极向上的发展机会。
APSIPA是亚太地区信号与信息处理领域的学术组织，旨在促进该领域的学术交流与研究合作。
APSIPA定期举办国际学术会议，并发布学术期刊，展示该领域的最新研究成果。
对于研究者来说，参与APSIPA的学术活动可以拓宽国际学术视野，增加学术合作与交流的机会。
此外，APSIPA还设立了特别等级，以表彰在该领域有杰出贡献的学者，提高研究者的学术声誉。
ASC是计算机应用领域重要的国际学术组织，为计算机科学与技术领域的学者提供了学术资源、学术交流的平台。
ASC每年举办多个国际学术会议，涵盖了从理论到应用的各个方面，吸引了世界范围内的学术研究者、工程师和企业家参与讨论和交流。
ASC评定出的等级用于衡量会员在学术、科学研究和技术创新方面的成果和贡献。
ASC等级的认定对于学者们来说具有重要的参考价值，有助于提升个人在学术界和工业界的地位和声誉。
CCF是中国计算机学会，是计算机领域最具影响力的学术组织之一。
CCF定期举办各类学术会议、研讨会和论坛，发布学术期刊，提供学术交流和合作的机会。
CCF通过评选等级，使研究者能够在学术界获得认可和肯定。
CCF设有多个等级，包括核心期刊、推荐期刊和学术会议等级。
CCF认定的等级对于学术论文的评价和选择具有重要的指导作用，也被广泛应用于学术评价和招聘选拔过程中。
美国nist 网络安全
美国nist 网络安全NIST（National Institute of Standards and Technology，美国国家标准与技术研究所）是美国联邦政府机构，负责制定并推动各类标准、技术和创新。
在网络安全领域，NIST起到了重要的引领和指导作用。
本文将介绍NIST在网络安全方面的工作和贡献。
首先，NIST致力于制定各类网络安全标准和指南，帮助企业、政府机构和个人建立和提升网络安全防护能力。
NIST发布的网络安全框架（Cybersecurity Framework）是一个重要的指南，它提供了一套成熟和全面的网络安全管理方法，包括防御、检测、响应和恢复。
该框架能够促使组织建立有效的网络安全策略和流程。
此外，NIST还制定了一系列的网络安全标准，如FIPS （Federal Information Processing Standards）和NIST SP （Special Publication）系列。
FIPS标准规定了联邦政府机构和承包商在信息系统安全方面的要求，而NIST SP系列提供了各种网络安全方面的具体指南，包括密码学、身份认证、漏洞管理等。
NIST还通过其国家密码学与分布式数据安全中心（National Cryptographic and Distributed Data Security Center）在网络加密和密码学领域进行领先研究。
该中心通过与学术界和产业界的合作，推动密码学和分布式数据安全技术的发展和应用。
NIST还负责维护并发布美国政府的加密标准。
除了制定标准和指南，NIST还提供各种网络安全资源和工具，帮助组织和个人评估和改进网络安全措施。
NIST的网络安全评估程序（Security Assessment Procedure）可以帮助企业和政府机构评估其网络安全风险和脆弱性，根据评估结果采取相应的安全措施。
NIST还提供了一系列网络安全测量工具，如漏洞扫描工具和密码强度检查器，帮助用户发现和修复网络安全漏洞。
会议分级(学校)
计算机学科国际会议分级说明：本列表合并了UCLA、NUS、NTU、CCF、清华大学计算机系、上海交大计算机系认可的国际会议，分级时采用了“就高”的原则。
Rank #1(1) AAAI: AAAI Conference on Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(2) CCS: ACM Conf on Comp and Communications SecurityRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(3) CRYPTO: International Cryptology ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(4) CVPR: IEEE Conf on Comp Vision and Pattern RecognitionRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(5) FOCS: IEEE Symp on Foundations of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(6) HPCA: IEEE Symp on High-Perf Comp ArchitectureRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(7) ICCV: International Conf on Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(8) ICDE: Intl Conf on Data EngineeringRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(9) ICML: Intl Conf on Machine LearningRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(10) ICSE: Intl Conf on Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(11) IJCAI: International Joint Conference on Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(12) INFOCOM: Annual Joint Conf IEEE Comp & Comm SocRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(13) ISCA: ACM/IEEE Symp on Computer ArchitectureRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(14) MICRO: Intl Symp on MicroarchitectureRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(15) MOBICOM: ACM Intl Conf on Mobile Computing and NetworkingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(16) OOPSLA: OO Programming Systems, Languages and ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(17) POPL: ACM-SIGACT Symp on Principles of Prog LangsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(18) SIGCOMM: ACM Conf on Comm Architectures, Protocols & AppsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(19) SIGGRAPH: ACM SIGGRAPH ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(20) SIGMOD: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Management of DataRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(21) STOC: ACM Symp on Theory of ComputingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(22) VLDB: Very Large Data BasesRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(23) ACL: Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational LinguisticsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(24) ACM-MM: ACM Multimedia ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(25) NIPS: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing SystemsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(26) PLDI: ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Programming Language Design & Implementation Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(27) S&P: IEEE Symposium on Security and PrivacyRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(28) SIGMETRICS: ACM Conf on Meas. & Modelling of Comp SysRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(29) WWW: International World Wide Web ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(30) FSE: ACM Conf on the Foundations of Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(31) ICDCS: International Conference on Distributed Computing SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(32) LICS: IEEE Symp on Logic in Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(33) ASPLOS: Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(34) COLT: Annual Conference on Computational Learning TheoryRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(35) PODS: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Principles of DB SystemsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(36) PPoPP: Principles and Practice of Parallel ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(37) SIGIR: ACM SIGIR Conf on Information RetrievalRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1)(38) SODA: ACM/SIAM Symp on Discrete AlgorithmsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(39) UAI: Conference on Uncertainty in AIRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(40) DAC: Design Automation ConfRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(41) KDD: Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(42) SOSP: ACM SIGOPS Symp on OS PrinciplesRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(43) ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(44) IPDPS: Intl Parallel and Dist Processing SympRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(45) AAMAS: Intl Conf on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent SystemsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(46) CAV: Computer Aided VerificationRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(3) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(47) FM/FME: Formal Methods, World Congress/EuropeRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(48) I3DG: ACM-SIGRAPH Interactive 3D GraphicsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(3) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(49) ICDT: Intl Conf on Database TheoryRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(50) ICFP: Intl Conf on Function ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(51) ICNP: Intl Conf on Network ProtocolsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(52) JICSLP/ICLP/ILPS: Joint Intl Conf/Symp on Logic ProgRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(53) KR: International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(54) PACT: International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(55) RTSS: IEEE Real-Time Systems SymposiumRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(56) SPAA: ACM Symp on Parallel Algorithms and ArchitecturesRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(57) DCC: Data Compression ConfRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(58) ICCAD: Intl Conf on Computer-Aided DesignRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(59) ISSAC: Intl Symp on Symbolic and Algebraic ComputationRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(60) PODC: ACM Symp on Principles of Distributed ComputingRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(61) SCG: ACM Symp on Computational GeometryRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) NUS(1)(62) PECCS: IFIP Intl Conf on Perf Eval of Comp & Comm SysRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) NUS(1)(63) SOSDI: Usenix Symp on OS Design and ImplementationRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) NUS(1)(64) CIKM: Intl Conf on Information and Knowledge ManagementRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(65) RECOMB: Annual Intl Conf on Comp Molecular BiologyRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(66) RTAS: IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications SymposiumRefs: CCF(3) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(67) ISMB: International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular BiologyRefs: NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(68) OSDI: Symposium on Operation systems design and implementationRefs: SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1)(69) SIGKDD: ACM Conf on Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningRefs: CCF(1) SJTU(1)(70) EUROCRYPT: European Conf on CryptographyRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(71) MOBIHOC: ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(72) FAST: Conference on File and Storage TechnologiesRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(1)(73) NSDI: Symposium on Network System Design and Implementation Refs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(1)(74) SC: IEEE/ACM Conference on SupercomputingRefs: SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2)(75) USENIX Symp on Internet Tech and SysRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(1)(76) MassPar: Symp on Frontiers of Massively Parallel ProcRefs: UCLA(1)(77) OPENARCH: IEEE Conf on Open Arch and Network ProgRefs: UCLA(1)(78) SIGCHI: ACM SIG CHIRefs: CCF(1)(79) Ubicomp: International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing Refs: TSINGHUA(1)Rank #2(80) COLING: International Conference on Computational LinguisticsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(81) CONCUR: International Conference on Concurrency TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(82) ECCV: European Conference on Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(83) USENIX Security: USENIX Security SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(84) ALT: International Conference on Algorithmic Learning TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(85) ASE: International Conference on Automated Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(86) ASIACRYPT: Annual International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information SecurityRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(87) CC: International Conference on Compiler ConstructionRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(88) DATE: IEEE/ACM Design, Automation & Test in Europe ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(89) ECAI: European Conference on Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(90) ECML: European Conference on Machine LearningRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(91) EDBT: International Conference on Extending DB TechnologyRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(92) EMNLP: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(93) ER: Intl Conf on Conceptual ModelingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(94) ESOP: European Symposium on ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(95) Euro-Par: European Conference on Parallel ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(96) FSTTCS: Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(97) ICPP: Intl Conf on Parallel ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(98) ICSR: IEEE Intl Conf on Software ReuseRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(99) MFCS: Mathematical Foundations of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(100) PEPM: ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Partial Evaluation and Semantics Based Programming ManipulationRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(101) RTA: International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(102) SAS: International Static Analysis SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(103) STACS: Symp on Theoretical Aspects of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(104) TACAS: International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(105) CP: Intl Conf on Principles & Practice of Constraint ProgRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(106) CSFW: IEEE Computer Security Foundations WorkshopRefs: CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(107) CSSAC: Cognitive Science Society Annual ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(108) ECOOP: European Conference on Object-Oriented ProgrammingRefs: CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(109) IEEEIT: IEEE Symposium on Information TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(110) ISRE: Requirements EngineeringRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(111) PG: Pacific GraphicsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(112) CGI: Computer Graphics InternationalRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(113) FCCM: IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing MachinesRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(114) FoSSaCS: International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computation StructuresRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(115) ICC: IEEE International Conference on CommunicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(116) ICDM: IEEE International Conference on Data MiningRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(3)(117) ICME: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & ExpoRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(118) ICPR: Intl Conf on Pattern RecognitionRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(119) ICS: Intl Conf on SupercomputingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(120) LCN: IEEE Annual Conference on Local Computer NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(121) NDSS: Network and Distributed System Security SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(122) NOSSDAV: Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(123) CADE: Conference on Automated DeductionRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(124) CAiSE: Intl Conf on Advanced Info System EngineeringRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(125) CoNLL: Conference on Natural Language LearningRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(126) CoopIS: Conference on Cooperative Information SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(127) DAS: International Workshop on Document Analysis SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(128) DASFAA: Database Systems for Advanced ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(129) DEXA: Database and Expert System ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(130) EACL: Annual Meeting of European Association Computational Linguistics Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(131) ESA: European Symp on AlgorithmsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(132) ICCL: IEEE Intl Conf on Computer LanguagesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(133) ICDAR: International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(134) ICECCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Eng. of Complex Computer SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(135) ICIP: Intl Conf on Image ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(136) ICSM: Intl Conf on Software MaintenanceRefs: CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(137) ICTAI: IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(138) IJCNN: Intl Joint Conference on Neural NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(139) IPCO: MPS Conf on integer programming & comb optimizationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(140) ISAAC: Intl Symp on Algorithms and ComputationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(141) JCDL: ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital LibrariesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(142) MASCOTS: Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation On Computer and Telecommunication SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(143) NAACL: The Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational LinguisticsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(144) PADL: Practical Aspects of Declarative LanguagesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(145) SEKE: International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(146) SRDS: Symp on Reliable Distributed SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(147) SSDBM: Intl Conf on Scientific and Statistical DB MgmtRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(148) VLSI: IEEE Symp VLSI CircuitsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(149) WACV: IEEE Workshop on Apps of Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(150) WCNC: IEEE Wireless Communications & Networking ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(151) AI-ED: World Conference on AI in EducationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(152) AID: Intl Conf on AI in DesignRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(153) AMAI: Artificial Intelligence and MathsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(154) AMIA: American Medical Informatics Annual Fall Symposium Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(155) ASAP: Intl Conf on Apps for Specific Array Processors Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(156) ASS: IEEE Annual Simulation SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(157) CAIP: Inttl Conf on Comp. Analysis of Images and Patterns Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(158) CANIM: Computer AnimationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(159) CC: IEEE Symp on Computational ComplexityRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(160) CCC: Cluster Computing ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(161) DNA: Meeting on DNA Based ComputersRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(162) DOOD: Deductive and Object-Oriented DatabasesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(163) EUROCOLT: European Conf on Learning TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(164) EUROGRAPH: European Graphics ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(165) FODO: Intl Conf on Foundation on Data OrganizationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(166) HCS: Hot Chips SympRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(167) IAAI: Innovative Applications in AIRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(168) IEEE Intl Conf on Formal Engineering MethodsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(169) IPCCC: IEEE Intl Phoenix Conf on Comp & Communications Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(170) IPTPS: Annual International Workshop on Peer-To-Peer Systems Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(171) ISTCS: Israel Symp on Theory of Computing and Systems Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(172) Intl Conf on Integrated Formal MethodsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(173) LATIN: Intl Symp on Latin American Theoretical Informatics Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(174) LFCS: Logical Foundations of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(175) MMCN: ACM/SPIE Multimedia Computing and Networking Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(176) NetStore: Network Storage SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(177) PADS: ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Parallel & Dist Simulation Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(178) PT: Perf Tools - Intl Conf on Model Tech & Tools for CPE Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(179) SSD: Intl Symp on Large Spatial DatabasesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(180) SUPER: ACM/IEEE Supercomputing ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(181) SWAT: Scandinavian Workshop on Algorithm TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(182) SenSys: ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(183) WADS: Workshop on Algorithms and Data StructuresRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(184) WCW: Web Caching WorkshopRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(185) WSC: Winter Simulation ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(186) DSN: The International Conference on Dependable Systems and NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(4)(187) CASES: International Conference on Compilers, Architecture, and Synthesis for Embedded SystemsRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(188) CODES+ISSS: Intl Conf on Hardware/Software Codesign & System SynthesisRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(189) ISSTA: International Symposium on Software Testing and AnalysisRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(190) WCRE: SIGSOFT Working Conf on Reverse EngineeringRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(191) ACSAC: Annual Computer Security Applications ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(192) APLAS: Asian Symposium on Programming Languages and SystemsRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(193) CSCW: Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative WorkRefs: NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(194) ESEC: European Software Engineering ConfRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(195) ESORICS: European Symposium on Research in Computer Security Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(196) FPL: Field-Programmable Logic and ApplicationsRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(197) Fast Software EncryptionRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(198) GECCO: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation ConferenceRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(199) HASKELL: Haskell WorkshopRefs: UCLA(4) NTU(2) NUS(2)(200) IC3N: Intl Conf on Comp Comm and NetworksRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(201) IEEE VisualizationRefs: NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(202) IMC: Internet Measurement Conference/WorkshopRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(203) IWSSD: International Workshop on Software Specifications & Design Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2)(204) PPDP: Principles and Practice of Declarative ProgrammingRefs: NTU(4) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(205) RAID: International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(206) WABI: Workshop on Algorithms in BioinformaticsRefs: NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(207) DSIC: Intl Symp om Distributed ComputingRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(208) DocEng: ACM Symposium on Document EngineeringRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(209) EUROSYS: EUROSYSRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(210) European Symposium on Research in Computer SecurityRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(211) HPDC: IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing Refs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(212) IEEE/WIC: International Joint Conf on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology Refs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(213) ISSCC: IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuits ConfRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2)(214) MOBISYS: International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services Refs: UCLA(2) TSINGHUA(2)(215) MPC: Mathematics of Program ConstructionRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(216) MPPOI: Massively Par Proc Using Opt InterconnsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2)(217) SCA: ACM/Eurographics Symposium on Computer AnimationRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(218) SSR: ACM SIGSOFT Working Conf on Software ReusabilityRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2)(219) UIST: ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and TechnologyRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(220) CSL: Annual Conf on Computer Science LogicRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(3)(221) IH: Workshop on Information HidingRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(3)(222) COMPSAC: International Computer Software and Applications ConferenceRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(3)(223) FCT: International Symposium Fundamentals of Computation TheoryRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(3)(224) ICCB: International Conference on Case-Based ReasoningRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(3)(225) ICRA: IEEE Intl Conf on Robotics and AutomationRefs: UCLA(4) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(4)(226) ILP: International Workshop on Inductive Logic ProgrammingRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(4)(227) PKDD: European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in DatabasesRefs: CCF(2) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(4)(228) EC: ACM Conference on Electronic CommerceRefs: NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(229) IJCAR: International Joint Conference on Automated ReasoningRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) NUS(4)(230) IPSN: International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) TSINGHUA(3)(231) ITC: IEEE Intl Test ConfRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(4) NUS(4)(232) MiddlewareRefs: NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(233) PPSN: Parallel Problem Solving from NatureRefs: NTU(4) CORE(2) NUS(4)(234) TLCA: Typed Lambda Calculus and ApplicationsRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) NUS(4)(235) CCC: IEEE Conference on Computational ComplexityRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(236) CEC: IEEE Congress on Evolutionary ComputationRefs: CCF(3) CORE(2)(237) CLUSTER: Cluster ComputingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(238) CoNEXT: ACM International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and TechnologiesRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(239) ECDL: European Conference on Digital LibrariesRefs: NTU(4) NUS(2)(240) EGSR: Eurographics Symposium on RenderingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(241) EuroGraphics: EuroGraphics Symposium on geometry processingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(242) FPGA: International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate ArraysRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(243) GCSE: International Conference on Generative and Component-Based Software Engineering Refs: NTU(4) NUS(2)(244) ICAPS: International Conference on Automated Planning and SchedulingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(245) ISSS: International Symposium on System SynthesisRefs: UCLA(2) TSINGHUA(3)(246) IWQoS: International Workshop on Quality of ServiceRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(247) Networking: International Conferences on NetworkingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(248) PKC: International Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key CryptographyRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(249) Percom: International Conference on Pervasive Computing and CommunicationsRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(250) SDM: SIAM International Conference on Data MiningRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(251) SPM: ACM Solid and Physical Modeling SymposiumRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(252) TCC: Theory of Cryptography ConferenceRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(253) ACM SIGARCHRefs: CCF(2)(254) AOSD: Aspect-Oriented Software DevelopmentRefs: TSINGHUA(2)(255) CHI: Computer Human InteractionRefs: TSINGHUA(2)(256) ECRTS: Euromicro Conference on Real-Time SystemsRefs: CORE(2)(257) EuroVis: Eurographics/IEEE-VGTC Symposium on VisualizationRefs: CCF(2)(258) GP: Genetic Programming ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2)(259) HOT CHIPS: A Symposium on High Performance ChipsRefs: CCF(2)(260) ICCD: International Conference on Computer DesignRefs: CCF(2)(261) ICMI: International Conference on Multimodal InterfaceRefs: CCF(2)(262) ICWE: International Conference on Web EngineeringRefs: NUS(2)(263) ISWC: International Semantic Web ConferenceRefs: TSINGHUA(2)(264) IWCASE: Intl Workshop on Computer-Aided Software EngRefs: UCLA(2)(265) LCTES: Conference on Language, Compiler and Tool Support for Embedded Systems Refs: CCF(2)(266) MFPS: Mathematical Foundations of Programming SemanticsRefs: CCF(2)(267) MSST: Mass Storage Systems and TechnologiesRefs: CCF(2)(268) MoDELS: International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Refs: CCF(2)(269) SGP: Eurographics Symposium on Geometry ProcessingRefs: CCF(2)(270) TCS: IFIP International Conference on Theoretical Computer ScienceRefs: CCF(2)(271) WDAG: Workshop on Distributed AlgorithmsRefs: UCLA(2)Rank #3(272) ECIR: European Conference on Information RetrievalRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(3)(273) MDM: Intl Conf on Mobile Data Access/ManagementRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(3)(274) ACCV: Asian Conference on Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(275) APSEC: Asia-Pacific Software Engineering ConferenceRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(276) Globecom: IEEE Global Communications Conference, incorporating the Global Internet SymposiumRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(277) ICANN: International Conf on Artificial Neural NetworksRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(278) ICONIP: Intl Conf on Neural Information ProcessingRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(279) ICPADS: Intl Conf on Parallel and Distributed SystemsRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(280) LOPSTR: International Symposium on Logic-based Program Synthesis and Transformation Refs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(281) NOMS: IEEE Network Operations and Management SympRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(282) PAKDD: Pacific-Asia Conf on Know. Discovery & Data MiningRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(283) PRICAI: Pacific Rim Intl Conf on AIRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(284) SAC: ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied ComputingRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(285) FASE: Fundamental Approaches to Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(3)。
计算机学科领域高质量国际学术会议
计算机学科领域高质量国际学术会议分区表1.AREA: Data Bases一区 (332)1.SIGMOD: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Management of Data (78)2.PODS: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Principles of DB Systems(30)3.VLDB: Very Large Data Bases (96)4.SIGKDD –ACM International Conference on Knowledge Discovery andData Mining (128)二区 (230)1.ICDE: Intl Conf on Data Engineering (93)2.EDBT /ICDT: EDBT/ICDT joint conference (27)3.ICDM - IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (70)4.SDM - SIAM Conference on Data Mining (40)2.AREA: Software Engineering:一区(225)1.ICSE: International Conference on Software Engineering (56)2.FSE: ACM Conference on the Foundations of Software Engineering (42)3.OOPSLA: ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented ProgrammingSystems, Languages and Applications (33)4.ASE: IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering(94)二区 (230)1.ISSTA: ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing andAnalysis (33)2.ECOOP: European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (27)3.ESEC: European Software Engineering Conference (50)4.ICSM: IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (40)5.RE: IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering (39)6.ICSR: International Conference on Software Reuse (41)3.AREA: Security:一区 (102)1.S&P: IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (28)S: ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (51)enix security: Usenix Symposium on Security (23)二区 (68)1.NDSS: ISOC Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (22)2.ACSAC: Annual Computer Security Applications (46)4.AREA: Architecture一区 (136)1.ISCA: ACM/IEEE Symp on Computer Architecture (37)2.MICRO: Intl Symp on Microarchitecture (35)3.HPCA: IEEE Symp on High-Perf Comp Architecture (34)4.PACT: IEEE Intl Conf on Parallel Architectures and CompilationTechniques (30)二区（22）1.ISPASS: IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis ofSystems and Software (22)5.AREA: Programming Languages:一区(95)1.PLDI: ACM-SIGPLAN Symposium on Programming Language Design &Implementation (34)2.POPL: ACM-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of ProgrammingLanguages (35)3.PPoPP: ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of ParallelProgramming(26)二区 (21)1.CGO: International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization6.AREA: System Technology一区(114)1.OSDI: USENIX Operating Systems Design and Implementation (26/2=13)2.SOSP: ACM SIGOPS Symp on OS Principles (25/2=13)3.ASPLOS: Architectural Support for Prog Lang and OS (31)4.FAST: USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (23)enix: Annual Usenix Technical Conference (34)二区(155)1.DSN: Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systemsand Networks (59)2.Eurosys: European Conference in Computer Systems (26)3.HOTOS: Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (24)4.SRDS: Symp on Reliable Distributed Systems (28)5.VEE: International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments. (18) 7.Distributed and Parallel Computing一区: (62)1.PODC: ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (32)2.NSDI: Usenix Symposium on Networked Systems Design andImplementation (30)二区: (247)1.ICS: Intl Conf on Supercomputing (37)2.SC: ACM/IEEE Conf on High Performance Networking and Computing(65)3.HPDC: High Performance Distributed Computing (18)4.ICDCS: IEEE International Conference on Distributed ComputingSystems(74)5.SPAA: ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures (53)8.AREA: Networking一区(125)1.SIGCOMM: ACM Conf on Comm Architectures, Protocols & Apps (36)2.MOBICOM: ACM SIGMOBILE Annual International Conference on MobileComputing and Networking (31)3.SIGMETRICS: ACM SIG on computer and communication metrics andperformance (36)4.MOBISYS: ACM SIGMOBILE International Conference on Mobile Systems,Applications, and Services (22)二区 (374)COM: Annual Joint Conf IEEE Comp & Comm Soc (311)2.MOBIHOC: The ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad HocNetworking and Computing (44)3.IMC: Internet Measurement Conference（19）9.Area：Multimedia Processing，Vision，graphics一区(201)1.ICCV：International Conference on Computer Vision (47)2.SIGGRAPH (98)3.ACM MM：ACM Multimedia Conference (56)二区(133)1.CVPR：Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (65)2.ECCV：European Conference on Computer Vision (40)Vis：IEEE Information Visualization Conference (28)10.A rea: AI ，NLP，Machine learning，Neural Networks一区(380)1.IJCAI：International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (212/2=106)2.ICML：International Conference on Machine Learning (155)3.ACL：Association of Computational Linguistics (119)二区(581)1.AAAI：(227)2.UAI：Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (73)3.NIPS：Advances in Neural Information Processing (28)4.COLT：Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory (47)5.CONLL：Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (20)6.COLING：International Conference on Computational Linguistics (153/2=77)7.EMNLP：Conference on Empirical Methods on Natural Language Processing(109)11.A REA: Algorithms and Theory一区(172)1.STOC: ACM Symp on Theory of Computing (77)2.FOCS: IEEE Symp on Foundations of Computer Science (63)3.CRYPTO: Advances in Cryptology (32)二区 (442)1.SODA: ACM/SIAM Symp on Discrete Algorithms (139)2.ICALP:International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming(128)3.ESA: European Symp on Algorithms (67)4.SCG: ACM Symp on Computational Geometry (42)5.EUROCRYPT: European Conf on Cryptography (33)6.TCC: Theory of Cryptography (33)12.A REA: Web and Service Computing一区（174）1.WWW: International World Wide Web Conference (89)2.SIGIR：ACM International Conference on Information Retrieval (85)二区 (225)1.WI：IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence (78)2.ISWC ：International Semantic Web Conference (57)3.ICWS：The International Conference on Web Services (90)13.A REA: HCI and CSCW一区 (221)1.CHI: ACM SIGCHI Conference on Computer-Human Interaction (157)2.CSCW: the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work(64)二区 (85)1.UIST: ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (24)2.GROUP: ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work (38)3.ECSCW: European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work(23)14.A REA: embedded一区 (152)1.DAC: Design Automation Conference (152)二区（138）1.IC-SAMOS: International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems:Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation (31)2.LCTES: ACM conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools forEmbedded Systems (17)3.EMSOFT: IEEE International conference on Embedded software (20)4.CASES: Intl Conf on Compilers, Architecture, and Synthesis for EmbeddedSystems (27)5.CODES+ISSS: International Conference on Hardware-Software Codesignand System Synthesis (43)。
Green Network
Energy-aware routing Aggregating traffic flows over a subset of the network devices and links Allowing other links and interconnection devices to be switched off
Adapative link rate(cont.)
Sleeping mode Consider two state of operation
a sleeping (or idle) mode a fully working mode
The difficulty is to find the desired compromise between system reactivity
Energy-Aware Application(Cont.)
Kernel-Level Network Stack
Modify the TCP protocol Introduce explicit signaling at the transport layer via a specific option (TCP SLEEP) in the TCP header In which case the other party will buffer data received from the application instead of sending it right away Enhance the energy efficiency of existing implementations Examine the energy consumption induced by the computational load of TCP Exploit some functionalities provided by the NIC
计算机学科国际会议分级 2012
计算机学科国际会议分级说明：本列表合并了UCLA、NUS、NTU、CCF、清华大学计算机系、上海交大计算机系认可的国际会议，分级时采用了“就高”的原则。
Rank #1(1) AAAI: AAAI Conference on Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(2) CCS: ACM Conf on Comp and Communications SecurityRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(3) CRYPTO: International Cryptology ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(4) CVPR: IEEE Conf on Comp Vision and Pattern RecognitionRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(5) FOCS: IEEE Symp on Foundations of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(6) HPCA: IEEE Symp on High-Perf Comp ArchitectureRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(7) ICCV: International Conf on Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(8) ICDE: Intl Conf on Data EngineeringRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(9) ICML: Intl Conf on Machine LearningRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(10) ICSE: Intl Conf on Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(11) IJCAI: International Joint Conference on Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(12) INFOCOM: Annual Joint Conf IEEE Comp & Comm SocRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(13) ISCA: ACM/IEEE Symp on Computer ArchitectureRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(14) MICRO: Intl Symp on MicroarchitectureRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(15) MOBICOM: ACM Intl Conf on Mobile Computing and NetworkingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(16) OOPSLA: OO Programming Systems, Languages and ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(17) POPL: ACM-SIGACT Symp on Principles of Prog LangsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(18) SIGCOMM: ACM Conf on Comm Architectures, Protocols & AppsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(19) SIGGRAPH: ACM SIGGRAPH ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(20) SIGMOD: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Management of DataRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(21) STOC: ACM Symp on Theory of ComputingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(22) VLDB: Very Large Data BasesRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(23) ACL: Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational LinguisticsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(24) ACM-MM: ACM Multimedia ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(25) NIPS: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing SystemsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(26) PLDI: ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Programming Language Design & Implementation Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(27) S&P: IEEE Symposium on Security and PrivacyRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(28) SIGMETRICS: ACM Conf on Meas. & Modelling of Comp SysRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(29) WWW: International World Wide Web ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(30) FSE: ACM Conf on the Foundations of Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(31) ICDCS: International Conference on Distributed Computing SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(32) LICS: IEEE Symp on Logic in Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(33) ASPLOS: Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(34) COLT: Annual Conference on Computational Learning TheoryRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(35) PODS: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Principles of DB SystemsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(36) PPoPP: Principles and Practice of Parallel ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(37) SIGIR: ACM SIGIR Conf on Information RetrievalRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1)(38) SODA: ACM/SIAM Symp on Discrete AlgorithmsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(39) UAI: Conference on Uncertainty in AIRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(40) DAC: Design Automation ConfRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(41) KDD: Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(42) SOSP: ACM SIGOPS Symp on OS PrinciplesRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(43) ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(44) IPDPS: Intl Parallel and Dist Processing SympRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(45) AAMAS: Intl Conf on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent SystemsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(46) CAV: Computer Aided VerificationRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(3) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(47) FM/FME: Formal Methods, World Congress/EuropeRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(48) I3DG: ACM-SIGRAPH Interactive 3D GraphicsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(3) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(49) ICDT: Intl Conf on Database TheoryRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(50) ICFP: Intl Conf on Function ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(51) ICNP: Intl Conf on Network ProtocolsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(52) JICSLP/ICLP/ILPS: Joint Intl Conf/Symp on Logic ProgRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(53) KR: International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(54) PACT: International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(55) RTSS: IEEE Real-Time Systems SymposiumRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(56) SPAA: ACM Symp on Parallel Algorithms and ArchitecturesRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(57) DCC: Data Compression ConfRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(58) ICCAD: Intl Conf on Computer-Aided DesignRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(59) ISSAC: Intl Symp on Symbolic and Algebraic ComputationRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(60) PODC: ACM Symp on Principles of Distributed ComputingRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(61) SCG: ACM Symp on Computational GeometryRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) NUS(1)(62) PECCS: IFIP Intl Conf on Perf Eval of Comp & Comm SysRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) NUS(1)(63) SOSDI: Usenix Symp on OS Design and ImplementationRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) NUS(1)(64) CIKM: Intl Conf on Information and Knowledge ManagementRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(65) RECOMB: Annual Intl Conf on Comp Molecular BiologyRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(66) RTAS: IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications SymposiumRefs: CCF(3) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(67) ISMB: International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular BiologyRefs: NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(68) OSDI: Symposium on Operation systems design and implementationRefs: SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1)(69) SIGKDD: ACM Conf on Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningRefs: CCF(1) SJTU(1)(70) EUROCRYPT: European Conf on CryptographyRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(71) MOBIHOC: ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(72) FAST: Conference on File and Storage TechnologiesRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(1)(73) NSDI: Symposium on Network System Design and Implementation Refs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(1)(74) SC: IEEE/ACM Conference on SupercomputingRefs: SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2)(75) USENIX Symp on Internet Tech and SysRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(1)(76) MassPar: Symp on Frontiers of Massively Parallel ProcRefs: UCLA(1)(77) OPENARCH: IEEE Conf on Open Arch and Network ProgRefs: UCLA(1)(78) SIGCHI: ACM SIG CHIRefs: CCF(1)(79) Ubicomp: International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing Refs: TSINGHUA(1)Rank #2(80) COLING: International Conference on Computational LinguisticsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(81) CONCUR: International Conference on Concurrency TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(82) ECCV: European Conference on Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(83) USENIX Security: USENIX Security SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(84) ALT: International Conference on Algorithmic Learning TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(85) ASE: International Conference on Automated Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(86) ASIACRYPT: Annual International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information SecurityRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(87) CC: International Conference on Compiler ConstructionRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(88) DATE: IEEE/ACM Design, Automation & Test in Europe ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(89) ECAI: European Conference on Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(90) ECML: European Conference on Machine LearningRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(91) EDBT: International Conference on Extending DB TechnologyRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(92) EMNLP: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(93) ER: Intl Conf on Conceptual ModelingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(94) ESOP: European Symposium on ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(95) Euro-Par: European Conference on Parallel ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(96) FSTTCS: Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(97) ICPP: Intl Conf on Parallel ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(98) ICSR: IEEE Intl Conf on Software ReuseRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(99) MFCS: Mathematical Foundations of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(100) PEPM: ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Partial Evaluation and Semantics Based Programming ManipulationRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(101) RTA: International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(102) SAS: International Static Analysis SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(103) STACS: Symp on Theoretical Aspects of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(104) TACAS: International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(105) CP: Intl Conf on Principles & Practice of Constraint ProgRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(106) CSFW: IEEE Computer Security Foundations WorkshopRefs: CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(107) CSSAC: Cognitive Science Society Annual ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(108) ECOOP: European Conference on Object-Oriented ProgrammingRefs: CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(109) IEEEIT: IEEE Symposium on Information TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(110) ISRE: Requirements EngineeringRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(111) PG: Pacific GraphicsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(112) CGI: Computer Graphics InternationalRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(113) FCCM: IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing MachinesRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(114) FoSSaCS: International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computation StructuresRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(115) ICC: IEEE International Conference on CommunicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(116) ICDM: IEEE International Conference on Data MiningRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(3)(117) ICME: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & ExpoRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(118) ICPR: Intl Conf on Pattern RecognitionRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(119) ICS: Intl Conf on SupercomputingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(120) LCN: IEEE Annual Conference on Local Computer NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(121) NDSS: Network and Distributed System Security SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(122) NOSSDAV: Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(123) CADE: Conference on Automated DeductionRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(124) CAiSE: Intl Conf on Advanced Info System EngineeringRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(125) CoNLL: Conference on Natural Language LearningRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(126) CoopIS: Conference on Cooperative Information SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(127) DAS: International Workshop on Document Analysis SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(128) DASFAA: Database Systems for Advanced ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(129) DEXA: Database and Expert System ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(130) EACL: Annual Meeting of European Association Computational Linguistics Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(131) ESA: European Symp on AlgorithmsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(132) ICCL: IEEE Intl Conf on Computer LanguagesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(133) ICDAR: International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(134) ICECCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Eng. of Complex Computer SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(135) ICIP: Intl Conf on Image ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(136) ICSM: Intl Conf on Software MaintenanceRefs: CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(137) ICTAI: IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(138) IJCNN: Intl Joint Conference on Neural NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(139) IPCO: MPS Conf on integer programming & comb optimizationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(140) ISAAC: Intl Symp on Algorithms and ComputationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(141) JCDL: ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital LibrariesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(142) MASCOTS: Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation On Computer and Telecommunication SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(143) NAACL: The Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational LinguisticsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(144) PADL: Practical Aspects of Declarative LanguagesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(145) SEKE: International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(146) SRDS: Symp on Reliable Distributed SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(147) SSDBM: Intl Conf on Scientific and Statistical DB MgmtRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(148) VLSI: IEEE Symp VLSI CircuitsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(149) WACV: IEEE Workshop on Apps of Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(150) WCNC: IEEE Wireless Communications & Networking ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(151) AI-ED: World Conference on AI in EducationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(152) AID: Intl Conf on AI in DesignRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(153) AMAI: Artificial Intelligence and MathsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(154) AMIA: American Medical Informatics Annual Fall Symposium Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(155) ASAP: Intl Conf on Apps for Specific Array Processors Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(156) ASS: IEEE Annual Simulation SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(157) CAIP: Inttl Conf on Comp. Analysis of Images and Patterns Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(158) CANIM: Computer AnimationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(159) CC: IEEE Symp on Computational ComplexityRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(160) CCC: Cluster Computing ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(161) DNA: Meeting on DNA Based ComputersRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(162) DOOD: Deductive and Object-Oriented DatabasesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(163) EUROCOLT: European Conf on Learning TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(164) EUROGRAPH: European Graphics ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(165) FODO: Intl Conf on Foundation on Data OrganizationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(166) HCS: Hot Chips SympRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(167) IAAI: Innovative Applications in AIRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(168) IEEE Intl Conf on Formal Engineering MethodsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(169) IPCCC: IEEE Intl Phoenix Conf on Comp & Communications Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(170) IPTPS: Annual International Workshop on Peer-To-Peer Systems Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(171) ISTCS: Israel Symp on Theory of Computing and Systems Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(172) Intl Conf on Integrated Formal MethodsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(173) LATIN: Intl Symp on Latin American Theoretical Informatics Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(174) LFCS: Logical Foundations of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(175) MMCN: ACM/SPIE Multimedia Computing and Networking Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(176) NetStore: Network Storage SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(177) PADS: ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Parallel & Dist Simulation Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(178) PT: Perf Tools - Intl Conf on Model Tech & Tools for CPE Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(179) SSD: Intl Symp on Large Spatial DatabasesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(180) SUPER: ACM/IEEE Supercomputing ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(181) SWAT: Scandinavian Workshop on Algorithm TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(182) SenSys: ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(183) WADS: Workshop on Algorithms and Data StructuresRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(184) WCW: Web Caching WorkshopRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(185) WSC: Winter Simulation ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(186) DSN: The International Conference on Dependable Systems and NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(4)(187) CASES: International Conference on Compilers, Architecture, and Synthesis for Embedded SystemsRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(188) CODES+ISSS: Intl Conf on Hardware/Software Codesign & System SynthesisRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(189) ISSTA: International Symposium on Software Testing and AnalysisRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(190) WCRE: SIGSOFT Working Conf on Reverse EngineeringRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(191) ACSAC: Annual Computer Security Applications ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(192) APLAS: Asian Symposium on Programming Languages and SystemsRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(193) CSCW: Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative WorkRefs: NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(194) ESEC: European Software Engineering ConfRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(195) ESORICS: European Symposium on Research in Computer Security Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(196) FPL: Field-Programmable Logic and ApplicationsRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(197) Fast Software EncryptionRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(198) GECCO: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation ConferenceRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(199) HASKELL: Haskell WorkshopRefs: UCLA(4) NTU(2) NUS(2)(200) IC3N: Intl Conf on Comp Comm and NetworksRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(201) IEEE VisualizationRefs: NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(202) IMC: Internet Measurement Conference/WorkshopRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(203) IWSSD: International Workshop on Software Specifications & Design Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2)(204) PPDP: Principles and Practice of Declarative ProgrammingRefs: NTU(4) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(205) RAID: International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(206) WABI: Workshop on Algorithms in BioinformaticsRefs: NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(207) DSIC: Intl Symp om Distributed ComputingRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(208) DocEng: ACM Symposium on Document EngineeringRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(209) EUROSYS: EUROSYSRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(210) European Symposium on Research in Computer SecurityRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(211) HPDC: IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing Refs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(212) IEEE/WIC: International Joint Conf on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology Refs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(213) ISSCC: IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuits ConfRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2)(214) MOBISYS: International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services Refs: UCLA(2) TSINGHUA(2)(215) MPC: Mathematics of Program ConstructionRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(216) MPPOI: Massively Par Proc Using Opt InterconnsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2)(217) SCA: ACM/Eurographics Symposium on Computer AnimationRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(218) SSR: ACM SIGSOFT Working Conf on Software ReusabilityRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2)(219) UIST: ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and TechnologyRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(220) CSL: Annual Conf on Computer Science LogicRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(3)(221) IH: Workshop on Information HidingRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(3)(222) COMPSAC: International Computer Software and Applications ConferenceRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(3)(223) FCT: International Symposium Fundamentals of Computation TheoryRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(3)(224) ICCB: International Conference on Case-Based ReasoningRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(3)(225) ICRA: IEEE Intl Conf on Robotics and AutomationRefs: UCLA(4) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(4)(226) ILP: International Workshop on Inductive Logic ProgrammingRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(4)(227) PKDD: European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in DatabasesRefs: CCF(2) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(4)(228) EC: ACM Conference on Electronic CommerceRefs: NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(229) IJCAR: International Joint Conference on Automated ReasoningRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) NUS(4)(230) IPSN: International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) TSINGHUA(3)(231) ITC: IEEE Intl Test ConfRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(4) NUS(4)(232) MiddlewareRefs: NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(233) PPSN: Parallel Problem Solving from NatureRefs: NTU(4) CORE(2) NUS(4)(234) TLCA: Typed Lambda Calculus and ApplicationsRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) NUS(4)(235) CCC: IEEE Conference on Computational ComplexityRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(236) CEC: IEEE Congress on Evolutionary ComputationRefs: CCF(3) CORE(2)(237) CLUSTER: Cluster ComputingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(238) CoNEXT: ACM International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and TechnologiesRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(239) ECDL: European Conference on Digital LibrariesRefs: NTU(4) NUS(2)(240) EGSR: Eurographics Symposium on RenderingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(241) EuroGraphics: EuroGraphics Symposium on geometry processingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(242) FPGA: International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate ArraysRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(243) GCSE: International Conference on Generative and Component-Based Software Engineering Refs: NTU(4) NUS(2)(244) ICAPS: International Conference on Automated Planning and SchedulingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(245) ISSS: International Symposium on System SynthesisRefs: UCLA(2) TSINGHUA(3)(246) IWQoS: International Workshop on Quality of ServiceRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(247) Networking: International Conferences on NetworkingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(248) PKC: International Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key CryptographyRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(249) Percom: International Conference on Pervasive Computing and CommunicationsRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(250) SDM: SIAM International Conference on Data MiningRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(251) SPM: ACM Solid and Physical Modeling SymposiumRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(252) TCC: Theory of Cryptography ConferenceRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(253) ACM SIGARCHRefs: CCF(2)(254) AOSD: Aspect-Oriented Software DevelopmentRefs: TSINGHUA(2)(255) CHI: Computer Human InteractionRefs: TSINGHUA(2)(256) ECRTS: Euromicro Conference on Real-Time SystemsRefs: CORE(2)(257) EuroVis: Eurographics/IEEE-VGTC Symposium on VisualizationRefs: CCF(2)(258) GP: Genetic Programming ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2)(259) HOT CHIPS: A Symposium on High Performance ChipsRefs: CCF(2)(260) ICCD: International Conference on Computer DesignRefs: CCF(2)(261) ICMI: International Conference on Multimodal InterfaceRefs: CCF(2)(262) ICWE: International Conference on Web EngineeringRefs: NUS(2)(263) ISWC: International Semantic Web ConferenceRefs: TSINGHUA(2)(264) IWCASE: Intl Workshop on Computer-Aided Software EngRefs: UCLA(2)(265) LCTES: Conference on Language, Compiler and Tool Support for Embedded Systems Refs: CCF(2)(266) MFPS: Mathematical Foundations of Programming SemanticsRefs: CCF(2)(267) MSST: Mass Storage Systems and TechnologiesRefs: CCF(2)(268) MoDELS: International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Refs: CCF(2)(269) SGP: Eurographics Symposium on Geometry ProcessingRefs: CCF(2)(270) TCS: IFIP International Conference on Theoretical Computer ScienceRefs: CCF(2)(271) WDAG: Workshop on Distributed AlgorithmsRefs: UCLA(2)Rank #3(272) ECIR: European Conference on Information RetrievalRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(3)(273) MDM: Intl Conf on Mobile Data Access/ManagementRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(3)(274) ACCV: Asian Conference on Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(275) APSEC: Asia-Pacific Software Engineering ConferenceRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(276) Globecom: IEEE Global Communications Conference, incorporating the Global Internet SymposiumRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(277) ICANN: International Conf on Artificial Neural NetworksRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(278) ICONIP: Intl Conf on Neural Information ProcessingRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(279) ICPADS: Intl Conf on Parallel and Distributed SystemsRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(280) LOPSTR: International Symposium on Logic-based Program Synthesis and Transformation Refs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(281) NOMS: IEEE Network Operations and Management SympRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(282) PAKDD: Pacific-Asia Conf on Know. Discovery & Data MiningRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(283) PRICAI: Pacific Rim Intl Conf on AIRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(284) SAC: ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied ComputingRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(3) NTU(3) NUS(3)(285) FASE: Fundamental Approaches to Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(3)。
哈尔滨工程大学国际学术会议资助目录(6.计算机学院2016版)
54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67
International Conference on Computer-Aided Design International Conference on Computer Design International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems International Conference on Parallel Processing International Conference on Super computing International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays Mass Storage Systems and Technologies Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming Real-Time Systems Symposium USENIX Annual Technical Conference Virtual Execution Environments
SIGGRAPH ACM计算机图形与交互技术会议 SIGCHI IEEE Vis ACM人机交互分会 IEEE可视化大会
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
计算机类国际会议列表
计算机类国际会议列表ank (A, B, C) from China Computer Federation (2013)Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI2014/12/9International Conference on Multimedia Technology2014/12/1(exteded)International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video 2014/12/1International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks 2014/12/1International Conference on Computational Intelligence2014/12/12(exteded)International Symposium on Real-time Distributed Computing2014/12/12(exteded)International Conference on E-Technologies and Business on the Web 2014/12/12International Conference on Multimedia and Expo2014/12/12(exteded)International Conference on Industrial, Engineering & Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems 2014/12/14(exteded)International CAD Conference and Exhibition 2014/12/15Science and Information Conference2014/12/15(exteded)International Conference on Identity, Security and Behavior Analysis 2014/12/15International Conference on Emerging Wireless Communications and Networking 2014/12/15IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization 2014/12/15European Test Symposium 2014/12/15International Symposium on Service-Oriented System Engineering2014/12/16(exteded)International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health 2014/12/16International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies 2014/12/16Vehicular Technology Conference2014/12/17(exteded)International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting2014/12/18Graphics Interface Conference 2014/12/19International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare2014/12/19International Conference on Software and Information Systems 2014/12/2International Conference on Cloud Computing Technologies and Applications2014/12/20European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming2014/12/21International Conference on Intelligent Materials, Power and Energy 2014/12/22International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology 2014/12/22Asia Pacific Conference on Multimedia and Broadcasting2014/12/23International Conference on Educational and Information Technology2014/12/3(exteded)International Conference on New Visions for Information and Communication Technology 2014/12/31International Conference on Future Computer and Communication 2015/1/1International Scilab Users Conference 2015/1/2International Conference on Digital Information, Networking, and WirelessCommunications2015/1/3 International Conference on Future Energy Systems2015/1/5 International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines2015/1/6 International Conference on Electrical and Bio-medical Engineering, Clean Energyand Green Computing2015/1/8 International Conference on Digital Information Processing, Data Mining, andWireless Communications2015/1/8 International Doctoral Symposium on Components and Architecture2015/1/9 International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-ManagingSystems2015/1/9 USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems2015/1/9 International Conference on Supercomputing2015/1/9 International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology2015/1/9 European Conference on Computational Biology2015/1/9 International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data2015/1/10 International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency2015/1/10 International Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer ScienceEducation2015/1/11 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium2015/1/11 International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies2015/1/11International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications 2015/1/11 (exteded)International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems2015/1/12 ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems2015/1/12 International ACM Symposium on High-Performance Parallel and DistributedComputing2015/1/12 IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science2015/1/12 ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures2015/1/14 International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval2015/1/15International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing 2015/1/15 (exteded)International Joint Conference on Neural Networks2015/1/15 Industrial Conference on Data Mining2015/1/15 International Conference on Machine Learning and Data Mining2015/1/15 International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design2015/1/15 International Conference on Autonomic Computing2015/1/15International Conference on Computer Frontiers2015/1/16 International Federated Conference on Distributed Computing Techniques2015/1/16 International Conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems2015/1/16 International Conference on Formal Techniques for Distributed Systems2015/1/16International Conference on Coordination Models and Languages2015/1/16International Conference on Autonomous Infrastructure, Management and Security2015/1/16International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking2015/1/16International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing2015/1/17 Extended Semantic Web Conference2015/1/17 International Computer Software and Applications Conference2015/1/17 International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media2015/1/18 IEEE Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems2015/1/18 International Conference on Interaction Design & Children2015/1/19IEEE symposium on Computers and Communications2015/1/19 ACM Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies2015/1/20 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference2015/1/21International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2015/1/23 (exteded)International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis2015/1/23 Annual Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication2015/1/23 International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in UbiquitousComputing2015/1/25 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems2015/1/25 International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval2015/1/28 International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science2015/1/31 ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security2015/1/31 International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems2015/1/31 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics2015/1/31International Advance Computing Conference 2015/1/31 (exteded)IEEE China Summit and International Conference on Signal and InformationProcessing2015/1/31 International Frontiers of Algorithmics Workshop2015/2/1International Conference on Industrial Informatics2015/2/1International Conference on Advanced Robotics2015/2/1 Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching2015/2/2 International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing2015/2/5 Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories2015/2/6 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices andServices2015/2/6 International Conference on Machine Learning2015/2/6 International Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks2015/2/8 International Conference on Global Software Engineering2015/2/8International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence2015/2/8 ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks2015/2/10 ACM Conference on Economics and Computation2015/2/10 ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing2015/2/10 International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems2015/2/13 European Signal Processing Conference2015/2/13 International Conference on Mass Data Analysis of Images and Signals2015/2/15 International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems2015/2/15 International Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability,Security and Robustness2015/2/15 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems2015/2/16International Conference on Digital Signal Processing2015/2/16International Conference on Data Management Technologies and Applications2015/2/17 International Joint conference on Software Technologies2015/2/17International Symposium on Pervasive Displays 2015/2/18 (exteded)ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining2015/2/20 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering2015/2/20International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design2015/2/22 International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networkingand Services2015/2/23 Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics2015/2/27International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing2015/2/27IEEE Cluster2015/2/27 ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming2015/2/27 International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology andits Applications2015/2/28 International Conference on Technological Advances in Electrical, Electronics andComputer Engineering2015/2/28 ACM SIGSIM Conference on Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation2015/2/28 International Conference on Parallel Computing2015/2/28 International Conference on Innovative Computing Technology2015/3/1International Conference on Algorithms for Computational Biology2015/3/2 International Conference on Parallel Processing2015/3/2 International Joint Conference on e-business and Telecommunications2015/3/3 International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologiesand Applications2015/3/3 International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics2015/3/3 Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems2015/3/4International Conference on Computing Technology and Information Management 2015/3/5 (exteded)International Conference on Software and System Process2015/3/9 International Conference on Open and Big Data2015/3/10 International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud2015/3/10 International Conference on Mobile Web Information Systems2015/3/10 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics2015/3/14 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition2015/3/16 International Conference on Digital Enterprise and Information Systems2015/3/16 European Software Engineering Conference2015/3/16 ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering2015/3/16 International Symposium on Web3D Technology2015/3/16 International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer andTelecommunication Systems2015/3/16 International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics2015/3/17 International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal-Based Surveillance2015/3/22 ACM Conference on Systems, Programming, and Applications: Software forHumanity2015/3/25 International Symposium on Spatial and Temporal Databases2015/3/27 International Conference on Cloud Computing and e-Governance2015/3/30 International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing andCommunications2015/3/31 International Conference on Big Data Science and Engineering2015/3/31议列表。
WiFi中多AP间快速切换的研究与实现
1212009年第11期，第42卷 通 信 技 术 Vol.42，No.11,2009 总第215期 Communications Technology No.215,Totally·网 络·WiFi 中多AP 间快速切换的研究与实现滕 劲， 徐昌庆(上海交通大学 无线通信研究所，上海 200240)【摘 要】目前，WiFi 已经成为了高速无线局域网的主要标准并且得到了广泛的应用。
鉴于WiFi 网络接入点（AP ）覆盖范围小、移动用户需要频繁切换的特点，文中提出了多AP 连接和嗅探扫描两种技术来实现多AP 间的快速切换。
多AP 连接通过同时和多个AP 保持通信切实保障了通信连续性，而嗅探扫描为更有效地获取周围AP 信息提供了指导性方法。
实验表明这些技术有效地加快了切换的速度，有效保障了用户的QoS 。
【关键词】WiFi ；切换；多AP 连接；嗅探【中图分类号】TP393.17 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1002-0802(2009)11-0121-03Study and Implementation of Fast Inter-AP Handoffs in WiFi WLANTENG Jin, XU Chang-qing(Institute of Wireless Communication, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China)【Abstract 】WiFi has become one of the major high-speed WLAN protocols and has been widely applied recently. Due to the fact that WiFi Access Points (AP) could cover only a small area and mobile users have to make frequent handoffs among them, this paper proposes two techniques to enable fast handoffs, namely multiple AP connections and Sniff Scan. Multiple AP connections ensure the communication continuity by simulatneously keeping communication with several APs, while Sniff Scan provides guiding methodology for efficient acquisition of nearby AP information. Experiments on real test-beds show that the these two techniques could accelerate the handoff processes and ensure the user ’s QoS.【Key words 】WiFi; handoff; Multiple-AP-Connection; sniffing0 引言无线网络介入技术使得人们从繁琐的物理连线中解放出来，给予了人们更大的自由度和灵活性。
计算机学科国际会议分级做过标记
计算机学科国际会议分级说明：本列表合并了UCLA、NUS、NTU、CCF、清华大学计算机系、上海交大计算机系认可的国际会议，分级时采用了“就高”的原则。
Rank #1(1) AAAI: AAAI Conference on Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(2) CCS: ACM Conf on Comp and Communications SecurityRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(3) CRYPTO: International Cryptology ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(4) CVPR: IEEE Conf on Comp Vision and Pattern RecognitionRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(5) FOCS: IEEE Symp on Foundations of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(6) HPCA: IEEE Symp on High-Perf Comp ArchitectureRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(7) ICCV: International Conf on Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(8) ICDE: Intl Conf on Data EngineeringRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(9) ICML: Intl Conf on Machine LearningRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(10) ICSE: Intl Conf on Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(11) IJCAI: International Joint Conference on Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(12) INFOCOM: Annual Joint Conf IEEE Comp & Comm SocRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(13) ISCA: ACM/IEEE Symp on Computer ArchitectureRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(14) MICRO: Intl Symp on MicroarchitectureRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(15) MOBICOM: ACM Intl Conf on Mobile Computing and NetworkingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(16) OOPSLA: OO Programming Systems, Languages and ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(17) POPL: ACM-SIGACT Symp on Principles of Prog LangsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(18) SIGCOMM: ACM Conf on Comm Architectures, Protocols & AppsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(19) SIGGRAPH: ACM SIGGRAPH ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(20) SIGMOD: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Management of DataRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(21) STOC: ACM Symp on Theory of ComputingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(22) VLDB: Very Large Data BasesRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(23) ACL: Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational LinguisticsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(24) ACM-MM: ACM Multimedia ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(25) NIPS: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing SystemsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(26) PLDI: ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Programming Language Design & Implementation Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(27) S&P: IEEE Symposium on Security and PrivacyRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(28) SIGMETRICS: ACM Conf on Meas. & Modelling of Comp SysRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(29) WWW: International World Wide Web ConferenceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(30) FSE: ACM Conf on the Foundations of Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(31) ICDCS: International Conference on Distributed Computing SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(32) LICS: IEEE Symp on Logic in Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(33) ASPLOS: Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(34) COLT: Annual Conference on Computational Learning TheoryRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(35) PODS: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Principles of DB SystemsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(36) PPoPP: Principles and Practice of Parallel ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(37) SIGIR: ACM SIGIR Conf on Information RetrievalRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1)(38) SODA: ACM/SIAM Symp on Discrete AlgorithmsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(39) UAI: Conference on Uncertainty in AIRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(40) DAC: Design Automation ConfRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(41) KDD: Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(42) SOSP: ACM SIGOPS Symp on OS PrinciplesRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(1) NUS(1)(43) ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(44) IPDPS: Intl Parallel and Dist Processing SympRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(45) AAMAS: Intl Conf on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent SystemsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(46) CAV: Computer Aided VerificationRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(3) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(47) FM/FME: Formal Methods, World Congress/EuropeRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(48) I3DG: ACM-SIGRAPH Interactive 3D GraphicsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(3) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(49) ICDT: Intl Conf on Database TheoryRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(50) ICFP: Intl Conf on Function ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(51) ICNP: Intl Conf on Network ProtocolsRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(52) JICSLP/ICLP/ILPS: Joint Intl Conf/Symp on Logic ProgRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(53) KR: International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(54) PACT: International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(55) RTSS: IEEE Real-Time Systems SymposiumRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(56) SPAA: ACM Symp on Parallel Algorithms and ArchitecturesRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(57) DCC: Data Compression ConfRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(58) ICCAD: Intl Conf on Computer-Aided DesignRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(59) ISSAC: Intl Symp on Symbolic and Algebraic ComputationRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(1)(60) PODC: ACM Symp on Principles of Distributed ComputingRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(61) SCG: ACM Symp on Computational GeometryRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(1) NUS(1)(62) PECCS: IFIP Intl Conf on Perf Eval of Comp & Comm SysRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) NUS(1)(63) SOSDI: Usenix Symp on OS Design and ImplementationRefs: UCLA(1) NTU(1) NUS(1)(64) CIKM: Intl Conf on Information and Knowledge ManagementRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(65) RECOMB: Annual Intl Conf on Comp Molecular BiologyRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(66) RTAS: IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications SymposiumRefs: CCF(3) NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(67) ISMB: International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular BiologyRefs: NTU(1) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(1)(68) OSDI: Symposium on Operation systems design and implementationRefs: SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(1)(69) SIGKDD: ACM Conf on Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningRefs: CCF(1) SJTU(1)(70) EUROCRYPT: European Conf on CryptographyRefs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(71) MOBIHOC: ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing Refs: UCLA(1) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(72) FAST: Conference on File and Storage TechnologiesRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(1)(73) NSDI: Symposium on Network System Design and Implementation Refs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(1)(74) SC: IEEE/ACM Conference on SupercomputingRefs: SJTU(1) TSINGHUA(2)(75) USENIX Symp on Internet Tech and SysRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(1)(76) MassPar: Symp on Frontiers of Massively Parallel ProcRefs: UCLA(1)(77) OPENARCH: IEEE Conf on Open Arch and Network ProgRefs: UCLA(1)(78) SIGCHI: ACM SIG CHIRefs: CCF(1)(79) Ubicomp: International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing Refs: TSINGHUA(1)Rank #2(80) COLING: International Conference on Computational LinguisticsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(81) CONCUR: International Conference on Concurrency TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(82) ECCV: European Conference on Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(83) USENIX Security: USENIX Security SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(84) ALT: International Conference on Algorithmic Learning TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(85) ASE: International Conference on Automated Software EngineeringRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(86) ASIACRYPT: Annual International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information SecurityRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(87) CC: International Conference on Compiler ConstructionRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(88) DATE: IEEE/ACM Design, Automation & Test in Europe ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(89) ECAI: European Conference on Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(90) ECML: European Conference on Machine LearningRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(91) EDBT: International Conference on Extending DB TechnologyRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(92) EMNLP: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(93) ER: Intl Conf on Conceptual ModelingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(94) ESOP: European Symposium on ProgrammingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(95) Euro-Par: European Conference on Parallel ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(96) FSTTCS: Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(97) ICPP: Intl Conf on Parallel ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(98) ICSR: IEEE Intl Conf on Software ReuseRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(99) MFCS: Mathematical Foundations of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(100) PEPM: ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Partial Evaluation and Semantics Based Programming ManipulationRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(101) RTA: International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(102) SAS: International Static Analysis SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(103) STACS: Symp on Theoretical Aspects of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(104) TACAS: International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(105) CP: Intl Conf on Principles & Practice of Constraint ProgRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(106) CSFW: IEEE Computer Security Foundations WorkshopRefs: CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(107) CSSAC: Cognitive Science Society Annual ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(108) ECOOP: European Conference on Object-Oriented ProgrammingRefs: CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(2)(109) IEEEIT: IEEE Symposium on Information TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(110) ISRE: Requirements EngineeringRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(111) PG: Pacific GraphicsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(112) CGI: Computer Graphics InternationalRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(113) FCCM: IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing MachinesRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(114) FoSSaCS: International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computation StructuresRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(115) ICC: IEEE International Conference on CommunicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(116) ICDM: IEEE International Conference on Data MiningRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(3)(117) ICME: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & ExpoRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(118) ICPR: Intl Conf on Pattern RecognitionRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(119) ICS: Intl Conf on SupercomputingRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(120) LCN: IEEE Annual Conference on Local Computer NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(121) NDSS: Network and Distributed System Security SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(122) NOSSDAV: Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(123) CADE: Conference on Automated DeductionRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(124) CAiSE: Intl Conf on Advanced Info System EngineeringRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(125) CoNLL: Conference on Natural Language LearningRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(126) CoopIS: Conference on Cooperative Information SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(127) DAS: International Workshop on Document Analysis SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(128) DASFAA: Database Systems for Advanced ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(129) DEXA: Database and Expert System ApplicationsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(130) EACL: Annual Meeting of European Association Computational Linguistics Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(131) ESA: European Symp on AlgorithmsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(132) ICCL: IEEE Intl Conf on Computer LanguagesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(133) ICDAR: International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(134) ICECCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Eng. of Complex Computer SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(135) ICIP: Intl Conf on Image ProcessingRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(136) ICSM: Intl Conf on Software MaintenanceRefs: CCF(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(137) ICTAI: IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial IntelligenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(138) IJCNN: Intl Joint Conference on Neural NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(139) IPCO: MPS Conf on integer programming & comb optimizationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(140) ISAAC: Intl Symp on Algorithms and ComputationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(141) JCDL: ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital LibrariesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(142) MASCOTS: Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation On Computer and Telecommunication SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(143) NAACL: The Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational LinguisticsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(144) PADL: Practical Aspects of Declarative LanguagesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(145) SEKE: International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(146) SRDS: Symp on Reliable Distributed SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(147) SSDBM: Intl Conf on Scientific and Statistical DB MgmtRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(148) VLSI: IEEE Symp VLSI CircuitsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(149) WACV: IEEE Workshop on Apps of Computer VisionRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(150) WCNC: IEEE Wireless Communications & Networking ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(151) AI-ED: World Conference on AI in EducationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(152) AID: Intl Conf on AI in DesignRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(153) AMAI: Artificial Intelligence and MathsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(154) AMIA: American Medical Informatics Annual Fall Symposium Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(155) ASAP: Intl Conf on Apps for Specific Array Processors Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(156) ASS: IEEE Annual Simulation SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(157) CAIP: Inttl Conf on Comp. Analysis of Images and Patterns Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(158) CANIM: Computer AnimationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(159) CC: IEEE Symp on Computational ComplexityRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(160) CCC: Cluster Computing ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(161) DNA: Meeting on DNA Based ComputersRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(162) DOOD: Deductive and Object-Oriented DatabasesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(163) EUROCOLT: European Conf on Learning TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(164) EUROGRAPH: European Graphics ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(165) FODO: Intl Conf on Foundation on Data OrganizationRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(166) HCS: Hot Chips SympRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(167) IAAI: Innovative Applications in AIRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(168) IEEE Intl Conf on Formal Engineering MethodsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(169) IPCCC: IEEE Intl Phoenix Conf on Comp & Communications Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(170) IPTPS: Annual International Workshop on Peer-To-Peer Systems Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(171) ISTCS: Israel Symp on Theory of Computing and Systems Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(172) Intl Conf on Integrated Formal MethodsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(173) LATIN: Intl Symp on Latin American Theoretical Informatics Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(174) LFCS: Logical Foundations of Computer ScienceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(175) MMCN: ACM/SPIE Multimedia Computing and Networking Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(176) NetStore: Network Storage SymposiumRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(177) PADS: ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Parallel & Dist Simulation Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(178) PT: Perf Tools - Intl Conf on Model Tech & Tools for CPE Refs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(179) SSD: Intl Symp on Large Spatial DatabasesRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(180) SUPER: ACM/IEEE Supercomputing ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(181) SWAT: Scandinavian Workshop on Algorithm TheoryRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(182) SenSys: ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor SystemsRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(183) WADS: Workshop on Algorithms and Data StructuresRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(184) WCW: Web Caching WorkshopRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(185) WSC: Winter Simulation ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2) NUS(2)(186) DSN: The International Conference on Dependable Systems and NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(4)(187) CASES: International Conference on Compilers, Architecture, and Synthesis for Embedded SystemsRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(188) CODES+ISSS: Intl Conf on Hardware/Software Codesign & System SynthesisRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(189) ISSTA: International Symposium on Software Testing and AnalysisRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(190) WCRE: SIGSOFT Working Conf on Reverse EngineeringRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(191) ACSAC: Annual Computer Security Applications ConferenceRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(192) APLAS: Asian Symposium on Programming Languages and SystemsRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(193) CSCW: Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative WorkRefs: NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(194) ESEC: European Software Engineering ConfRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(195) ESORICS: European Symposium on Research in Computer Security Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(196) FPL: Field-Programmable Logic and ApplicationsRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(197) Fast Software EncryptionRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(198) GECCO: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation ConferenceRefs: CCF(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(199) HASKELL: Haskell WorkshopRefs: UCLA(4) NTU(2) NUS(2)(200) IC3N: Intl Conf on Comp Comm and NetworksRefs: UCLA(3) NTU(2) NUS(2)(201) IEEE VisualizationRefs: NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(202) IMC: Internet Measurement Conference/WorkshopRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(203) IWSSD: International Workshop on Software Specifications & Design Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) NTU(2)(204) PPDP: Principles and Practice of Declarative ProgrammingRefs: NTU(4) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(2)(205) RAID: International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection Refs: UCLA(2) CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(206) WABI: Workshop on Algorithms in BioinformaticsRefs: NTU(2) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(2)(207) DSIC: Intl Symp om Distributed ComputingRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(208) DocEng: ACM Symposium on Document EngineeringRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(209) EUROSYS: EUROSYSRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(210) European Symposium on Research in Computer SecurityRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(211) HPDC: IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing Refs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(212) IEEE/WIC: International Joint Conf on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology Refs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(213) ISSCC: IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuits ConfRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2)(214) MOBISYS: International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services Refs: UCLA(2) TSINGHUA(2)(215) MPC: Mathematics of Program ConstructionRefs: NTU(2) NUS(2)(216) MPPOI: Massively Par Proc Using Opt InterconnsRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2)(217) SCA: ACM/Eurographics Symposium on Computer AnimationRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(218) SSR: ACM SIGSOFT Working Conf on Software ReusabilityRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(2)(219) UIST: ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and TechnologyRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(2)(220) CSL: Annual Conf on Computer Science LogicRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(3)(221) IH: Workshop on Information HidingRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(3)(222) COMPSAC: International Computer Software and Applications ConferenceRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(3)(223) FCT: International Symposium Fundamentals of Computation TheoryRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(3)(224) ICCB: International Conference on Case-Based ReasoningRefs: UCLA(3) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(3)(225) ICRA: IEEE Intl Conf on Robotics and AutomationRefs: UCLA(4) CCF(2) NTU(3) NUS(4)(226) ILP: International Workshop on Inductive Logic ProgrammingRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) TSINGHUA(4) NUS(4)(227) PKDD: European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in DatabasesRefs: CCF(2) NTU(3) TSINGHUA(3) NUS(4)(228) EC: ACM Conference on Electronic CommerceRefs: NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(229) IJCAR: International Joint Conference on Automated ReasoningRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) NUS(4)(230) IPSN: International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor NetworksRefs: UCLA(2) CCF(3) TSINGHUA(3)(231) ITC: IEEE Intl Test ConfRefs: UCLA(2) NTU(4) NUS(4)(232) MiddlewareRefs: NTU(4) TSINGHUA(2) NUS(4)(233) PPSN: Parallel Problem Solving from NatureRefs: NTU(4) CORE(2) NUS(4)(234) TLCA: Typed Lambda Calculus and ApplicationsRefs: CCF(2) NTU(4) NUS(4)(235) CCC: IEEE Conference on Computational ComplexityRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(236) CEC: IEEE Congress on Evolutionary ComputationRefs: CCF(3) CORE(2)(237) CLUSTER: Cluster ComputingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(3)(238) CoNEXT: ACM International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and TechnologiesRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(239) ECDL: European Conference on Digital LibrariesRefs: NTU(4) NUS(2)(240) EGSR: Eurographics Symposium on RenderingRefs: CCF(2) TSINGHUA(4)(241) 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USENIX AssociationProceedings of theJava™ Virtual Machine Research andTechnology Symposium(JVM '01)
Monterey, California, USAApril 23–24, 2001
THE ADVANCED COMPUTING SYSTEMS ASSOCIATION© 2001 by The USENIX AssociationAll Rights ReservedFor more information about the USENIX Association:Phone: 1 510 528 8649FAX: 1 510 548 5738Email: office@usenix.orgWWW: http://www.usenix.orgRights to individual papers remain with the author or the author's employer. Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes.This copyright notice must be included in the reproduced paper. USENIX acknowledges all trademarks herein.AbstractAshapeanalysisisawhole-programanalysisthatcanidentifyrun-timeobjectsthatdonotneedtobeplacedintheglobalheapanddonotrequireanylocking.Previousresearchhasshownthatthesetwooptimizationscanspeedupsomeapplicationssignificantly.Unfortunately,sinceashapeanalysis—likeanywhole-programanalysis—requiresaprioriknowledgeofthecompletecallgraph,ithasnotbeenimplementedinaJVM,whichessentiallybuildsthecallgraphasaprogramexecutes.Inthispaper,weadaptanefficientshapeanalysistobeincrementalsothatitcananalyzeanexecutingprogram.Weinvestigatetrade-offsregardingthreeapproachestoperformingtheanalysisinsideaJVMandreportresultsonanumberofapplications.Ourmeasurementssuggestthatsuchananalysismaybeviableifitusesresultsofpreviousexecutionsandifitdelaystheinitialanalysisuntiltheendofthefirstexecution.
1.IntroductionAshapeanalysis[17]isastaticwhole-programanalysisthatconservativelypredictstheconnectivityofheapobjects.Itprovesusefulforescapeanalysesbecauseitidentifiesobjectsthatmay“escape”amethodandthatmaybeaccessibletomorethanonethread.Suchknowledgesteersoptimizationssuchassynchronizationeliminationandstackallocation.
Unfortunately,shapeanalysis,asdescribedheretofore,ignoresthetrueflavorofJavaprograms.TheJavaprogramminglanguagepridesitselfonitsdynamicloadingandbinding,yetashapeanalysisrequiresaprioriknowledgeofallclasses.Thisrequirementstemsfromthefactthatitmustknowallpotentialtargetsofacallsite.Withouttheknowledgeofpotentialtargets,itisforcedtobeoverlyconservative.Themanyprogramsthatusedynamicloadingorthatrelyondynamicprogramattributes—suchastheclasspathvariable—
willnotbenefitfromoptimizationsdependentontheresultsofawhole-programshapeanalysis.
EvenwithoutJava’sdynamicfeatures,anoptimizerfacesadifficulty.Itcannotexpress,inbytecode,theremovaloflockoperationsorthestackallocationof
objects—exactlythoseoptimizationsthattheshapeanalysisenables.ResearcherssidestepthisproblemeitherbyannotatingthebytecodewithsuggestionstotheJVMorbytranslatingtheprogramintoalanguageinwhichtheseoptimizationsareexpressible.
Theonlytruesolutiontotheselimitationsistoperformtheshapeanalysisatrun-time.Byoperatingwhiletheanalyzedprogramexecutes,theanalysiscanobserve(asopposedtocalculate)theclassestheJVMdynamicallyloads.Moreimportantly,itcanobservethetargetsofacallsite,yieldingmorepreciseresultsthananoff-lineanalysiswould.Last,itisnotrestrictedtooptimizationsexpressibleinbytecodeandcanperformoptimizationsinaJVM-dependentmanner.
Despitetheseadvantages,adynamicshapeanalysisfacesseveraldifficulties.Itincursarun-timecostandmustworkwithincompleteinformation.Sinceitisbynatureawhole-programanalysis,itmustbuilduponandmodifypreviousresultsasnewinformationarrives.Consequently,apreviouslyoptimizedobjectmaynolongerbeoptimizable,requiringtheoptimizertoundooptimizationsbeforeanerroneousexecutionresults.
Toaddressthesedifficultiesandtrade-offs,wepresentandevaluatethreewaystoperformashapeanalysisatrun-time.Thefirstapproachbeginstheinterproceduralanalysisassoonasaprogramstartstorun.Theseconddelaystheinterproceduralanalysisuntiltherun-timesystemhasseenaportionofaprogram’sexecution.Finally,thethirdapproachreusesanalysisresultsfrompreviousexecutions.Wediscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachstrategy.
Inshort,thispaperoffers:•Anincrementalversionofanefficientshapeanaly-sis;
•Experimentalresultsillustratingtheinherentdiffi-cultiesofemployingashapeanalysisdynamically;
•Acomparisonofthreeapproachestoperformingtheincrementalanalysis;and
•Insightintomakingtheanalysisviable.
CanaShapeAnalysisWorkatRun-time?JeffBogdaandAmbujSinghDepartmentofComputerScienceUniversityofCaliforniaSantaBarbara{bogda,ambuj}@cs.ucsb.edu