非谓语讲义
非谓语新讲义
易思教育学科教师辅导讲义（第讲）学生姓名：2.There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. (2007年高考第35题)DA. being persuadedB. persuadingC. to be persuadedD. to persuade4）作宾语补足语It is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication.这是很有趣的研究，它能帮助你避免交际中遇到的困境。
We saw her enter a restaurant. 我们看见她走进一家餐馆。
I want you to come to my birthday party. 我要你来参加我的生日聚会。
注意：某些动词（大都是感官动词）接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，通常不带to，但是当其用于被动语态时to还原。
下面的口诀可以帮助大家记住这些动词：“四看（see, watch, notice, observe）三使役（let, have, make）二听（hear, listen to）一感觉（feel）。
”能够接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有很多，常见的有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn。
【透视高考题】1.Energy drinks are not allowed ________in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(2006高考第33题) BA. to makeB. to be madeC. to have been madeD. to be making2. The mother felt herself ________cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006高考第36题) AA .grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown3.If there is a lot of work______ ,I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.( 2008高考第33题) AA. to doB. to be doing C done D doing5）作定语Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you do not know? 你想结交更多的朋友但与陌生人交流感到信心不足吗？注意：某些不及物动词作定语时需要加上一个介词，即构成“不定式＋介词”结构，这个介词是不可省略的。
专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理(复习讲义)
专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理（复习讲义）考点清单范围知识条目非谓语动词熟练运用动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法考点一动词不定式的用法一、动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是在其前面加not。
二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy forus to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。
不定式作主语时,常常可用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下,不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责”等宾语I wish to speak to the manager.我想跟经理说话。
只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.她让我在课上不要讲汉语。
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面状语I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。
I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。
如:To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well.It’s important for us to protect the environment.注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
非谓语动词讲义 2023届高考英语二轮复习
非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
一、不定式的定义及用法(to do)1.做主语动词不定式做主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，常用结构为：It + be + adj. (+for sb. / of sb) + to do sth.; It + takes/took + sb. + some time + to do sth1) It took us four hours to finish the work.2) It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops.3) It is bad for us to become addicted to cigerattes.注意：形式主语结构中如果使用表示人的品质的形容词，如kind, nice, clever等时，应当使用of sb.的结构。
It is very nice of you to help me with the project.2.做宾语(1)有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语need to do sth需要做...decide to do sth决定做...agree to do sth赞同做...aim to do sth目的在于做...attempt to do sth试图做..tend to do sth倾向于做...pretend to do sth假装做...refuse to do sth拒绝做...expect to do sth期待做...还有determine, fail, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, seem, hope, wish等等；I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term.I have a top 10 reading list and I try to keep it updated.When I set out to do something, I do my best to achieve it.(2)有些复合结构中，可用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——不定式后置句型结构为：主语+ make, find, feel, believe, consider, think + it +adj/n. + to do sth.I believe it useless to agree with him.I feel it my duty to help others.I consider it important to keep learning.I think it interesting to surf the Internet.(3)“疑问词（how，when，where，what，who）+不定式”结构作动词或介词的宾语Tom taught me how to play football.Have you decided where to have the meeting？I do not know what to do next.I do not know whom to ask about it.Will you please tell me which bus to take？I doubt whether to buy a new watch.“疑问词+不定式”结构常用作下列动词的宾语：advise，decide，discuss，explain，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell，wonder，doubt3.做宾语补足语(1)动词+ 宾语+ 带to的动词不定式有这种用法的动词有：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, intend, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn等。
非谓语动词讲义-高三上学期英语一轮复习专项
非谓语形式1. (To do)not/never to doadj.(for sb) to dosth.具有名词、副词和形容词的作用，在句中作主语、定 语、表语、宾语、状语、宾补(在let, make, see, feel, notice 等动词后作宾补时不带 to) to be doingto have done to have been doneto have been doing2.Vingbeing donenot/never doing sb ’s doing具有名词的作用，在句中作 3.1having been done具有的作用，在句中作(常用在 see, find, feel, keep, get, have 等动词之后)3.2Ved not /never donedonehaving donedoing to be doneto do动词分两种：一、谓语动词；二、非谓语动词。
英语是一门非常重形合的语言，讲究句式结构的完整。
一个完整的句子真正应该 只有一组主语以及一个谓语动词，在英语中如要在一个句式当中表达多个动作，只有两个办法，第一：添加从句（之前已经详细讲过）；第二：就是改变不作谓语动词的其它动词的形式，即将其它动词改成非谓语的形式。
例如：瞧，站着的那个男生是我的哥哥。
(1)用添加从句的方式即：Look, the boy who is standing there is my brother .(2)用非谓语动词 形:Look, the boy standing there is my brother.(单个非谓语动词作定语前置，如是非谓语动词词组或复合结构则后置）非谓语动词是高考的重点，难点以及必考点＊＊＊＊＊ 。
考生应予以重视，并下大力气掌握非谓语动词的用法。
To doTo finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.I have a meeting to attend. He is the first to get here.Our class went on an organ ized trip last Monday.（表被动）（表完成）boiled water(已经烧开的水)They were very sad to hear the news.（表原因）He worked day and night to get the money.（表目的）I visited him only to find him out.（表结果）The question is simple for him to answer.（表程度）I saw him(to)cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.1. To do 形式作主语一般看固定搭配:(It)is adj./序数词to do sth.;whwords+to do；或者从意义判断，表目的，可用To do 形式。
非谓语讲义
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚， 可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when， while，if though，after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为 同一个. 5. While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
非谓语动词作定语
-ing (主动&进行) +
being done (正在被) to be done(将要被)
to do (特殊句式)
1. There was a girl sitting there. 2. The artists invited to the party were from Africa. 3. She can’t attend the party being held at present because she is preparing a speech to be held tomorrow. 4. I have not got a chair to sit on. I have sth to do/say I have a letter to write. He is the first person to come.
非谓语动词作状语
(not) doing 主动，且与主句 同时进行 (not) having done 主动，先于 主句 (not) done 被动，且与主句 同时进行 (not) having been done被动， 先于主句 to do/be done 主动/被动,未做
(连词)+
1. Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 2. Not having finished their homework, they left after school. 3. Seen from the top of the building, the city is very beautiful. 4. Having been read many times, the story seems much easier. 5. To prevent it from happening again, you should.... 6. To be employed, you should...
非谓语动词用法讲义
非谓语动词用法讲义非谓语动词是指在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。
非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但却有时态和语态的变化。
具体见下表：动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to ＋动词原形”，其中to 是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词。
动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一、作主语：动词不定式作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语（动词不定式）放在句子的后面。
E.g. To be a doctor is hard. → (It is hard to be a doctor.)To learn English well is not easy. → It is not easy to learn English well. To say is to believe.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for 引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。
若形容词修饰的是人，则需要由介词of 引导短语。
It’s good for us to read E nglish aloud in the morning. It is very kind of you to help me with my English study.二、作表语：在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。
从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分，所以表语也可以视为是主语的补足语。
His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。
To see is to believe.三、作宾语：动词不定式可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask 等。
非谓语讲义
非谓语动词（I）非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时保留动词某些特征的动词形式。
非谓语动词主要有不定式、动词的-ing形式、动词的-ed形式三类。
它们没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
动词的-ing形式动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征，同时还具有动词的某些特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、补语（宾补和主补）、定语和状语。
其中动名词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、和定语；分词在句中可作表语、定语、补语（宾补和主补）和状语。
一、动词-ing形式的时态与语态Gerunds（动名词）一、动名词的特征动名词可以起名词的作用，在句中作主语和宾语等，其前可以有物主代词或名词所有格表示逻辑上的主谓关系；同时，它还保留着动词的某些特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
二、动名词的句法功能（作用）1、动名词作主语e.g. Reading is an art .Talking is easier than doing.Seeing is believing.注意：充当主语的动名词既可置于句首，位于谓语动词前，也可作为句子的真正主语置于句末，用it作形式主语。
It is no use talking to her. She never listens.It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.It is fun playing with children.It was very hard getting on the crowded streetcar.区别：动名词表示一般性的、泛指的、抽象的、时间概念不强的动作；不定式表示特指的、具体的、有条件的，一次性的动作。
动名词与不等式作主语时，一般可互换，但在实际应用时，还要注意实际用法。
2、动名词作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
非谓语动词使用讲义
to do(与宾语有动宾关系，表示将要发生的动作)
(1)With_the_children_following_him(由于孩子跟着他), he had to go back to the park.
(2) With the work finished, he could go home.
There be结构中不定式修饰主语时，主动式和被动式皆可。
如果不定式有逻辑主语，只用主动式。
There is nothing for me to do today.
4.只接不定式作宾语的动词：hope，want，offer，long，fail，expect，wish，ask，decide，pretend，manage，agree，afford，determine，promise，happen
To save time is to lengthen life. (不定式短语作主语)
You should continue to learn as long as you live.要活到老学到老。(不定式短语作宾语)
She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings.她晚上经常有很多会要开。(不定式短语作定语)
三．动词ing:表进行和主动
动名词和现在分词一样也是由动词+ing构成，表示主动和进行，在句中起名词的作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。否定形式也是not+动名词，有四种时态和语态形式，使用时注意如下内容即可。
时态语态
主动
被动
一般
teaching
being taught
完成
having taught
高考英语语法专题复习：非谓语动词讲义(不定式、动名词
高中英语语法专题复习03 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词&现在分词、过去分词）非谓语动词谓语动词在句子中有三种作用：1. 表示动作的时间，tense (时)2. 表示动作的状态，aspect (体)3. 表示动作的语气，mood (气)谓语动词的“时体气”，通过动词变位实现。
例如，The rabbit ate a carrot.The rabbit is eating a carrot.The rabbit has eaten a carrot.谓语动词在句子中受到主语的限制，随之出现了时态和人称的变化，成为一种被限定了的动词，所以也被称为限定性动词(finite verb)。
与之相对的，不受主语限制的动词，称为非限定性动词(non-finite verb)，也就是非谓语动词。
非谓语动词不具备表达时态和人称的作用。
例如，I like to eat carrot.I liked eating carrot.The rabbit likes minced carrot.非谓语动词有四种形式：1. 不定式 infinitive2. 动名词 gerund3. 现在分词 present participle4. 过去分词 past participle谓语动词是简单句的核心动词，非谓语动词只可能出现在其他的句子成分中。
1. 主语例：Swimming makes us hale and hearty.2. 宾语例：Janet suddenly stopped talking.3. 表语/主语补语例：Her wish is to become a doctor in the future.4. 宾语补语例：I invited him to come here.5. 定语例：Don't disturb the sleeping dog.6. 状语例：He went to the supermarket to buy a pen.不定式、动名词句子的核心动词只能由谓语动词充当，而非谓语动词可以充当句子的其他成分。
非谓语动词归纳分类讲义大全
非谓语动词讲义一．分类依据1.2.3.二．非谓语的的种类1.2.3．三．非谓语动词的时态和语态主动被动表达意义1.不定式：一般时完成时2.现分词：一般时完成时3.过分词：一般式四．非谓语高考考纲范围1.作2.作3.作4.作EXX:1.____ time,he’ll make a first-class tennis player.A .Having given B.To give C. Giving D. Given2. The old man,abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A.to workB.workingC.to have workedD.having worked3. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed4. _________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.A. To find outB. Finding outC. Find outD. Having found out5.The storm left , _____a lot of damage to this area .A. causedB. to have causedC. to causeD. having caused6.So far nobody has claimed the money in the library.A. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveringD. having discovered7. His first book next month is based on a true story.A. publishedB. to be publishedC. to publishD. being published8. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repaired9. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm.A. grownB. being grownC. to be grownD. to grow10.The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced1。
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Section 2 非谓语动词作句子中的宾语
只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词：
建议冒险去练习，忍受保持不停顿；放弃延期悔错过， 坚持完成不介意；提及原谅避抵制，考虑感激不自禁； 承认想象不延误，fancy想要被包括。
suggest， risk， practise, endure/stand, keep, stop/leave off, give up, put off, miss， Insist on/stick to, finish/complete, mind, Mention, forgive/excuse, avoid/escape, resist, Consider, appreciate, can’t help doing, Admit, imagine , delay, Fancy, feel like, include
= Having never received his letter , he went home .
否定式要not把加-ing在前面，或把never加在-ing后面.
以上的句子中，非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语是一致的
下列少数短语为惯用语，为固定形式。
Judging from/by , generally speaking , honestly speaking , strictly speaking , talking of , speaking of . Providing / provided(that ), Assuming（that）， Supposing(that ), given （倘若），, Concerning , allowing for 考虑到…，体谅…， 允许有…
4.Having finished my homework. I went home immediately.
5.Having beaten by my father, I went out to see my mother . 6.Not having received his letter, he went home
高三语法复习-------非谓语动词
讲义篇
何谓非谓语动词？
它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、 形容词、副词的作用，充当除谓语以外一 切成分,即： 主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、 状语的作用.
形式上
to do doing done 主动式 基本式 完成式 to do to have done doing having done 被动式 基本式 完成式 to be to have been done done being done having been done
Section 4 非谓语动词作句子中的定语
doing done n + to do 主动和进行 被动和过去 将来的主动 将来的被动
to be done
being done 正在进行的被动
在这个结构中，被修饰的n是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
1.The plan discussed yesterday is a good one.
1. I saw him playing in the park just now. 2. I saw him make a model plane. 3. I saw a dog tied to a chair.
第二类：可接to do做宾补的词： request sb to do sth(在这个结构中，sb. 是to do 的逻辑主语)
I’m so glad to see you.
They went to the railway station, only to be told that the train had left. 注: (1)“only to do”表示出乎预料的结果.
2.doing , done 作状语
分词作状语可以表示时间，条件，原因，结果，伴随或方式 ，及 独立成分。
3. It’s no use doing too much exercises.
必 背 动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。 It’s no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没 好处的。 It is useless/no use telephoning him. He is not willing to come. 给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。 It‘s worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得 的。 There is no saying when it will stop raining. 无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种 事开不得玩笑。
doing done having done
主动和进行,时间上无先后
被动和过去,时间上无先后
主动和进行,时间上有先后
having been done 被动和过去,时间上有先后
1.Seeing from the top of the hill,I found the school is beautiful. 2.Seen from the top of the hill , the school is very beautiful. 3. See from the top of the hill , and you will find the school is beautiful.
Step2 熟悉非谓语各种形式在句子 里所作的成分。
作用 种类
主 语
宾 表 定 状 补 语 语 语 语 语
to do doing
done
××
Section 1. 非谓语动词作句子的主语
to do /doing 作主语没有太大的区别，表示一般的抽象 概念用doing，表示具体的个别的将来的用to do . Collecting stamps is my hobby. To sing this song is what I really want to do now.
permit, allow, forbid, request, command, tell, invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, force, order, remind, teach,
permit, allow, forbid后也可以直接加doing做宾语
to do
doing
done
done
无
无
无
意义上 区别非谓语与谓语？即在英语的句子中不能作 谓语部分的动词变化形式都是非谓语结构 。
Step1. 熟悉英语五大基本句型：
1.主谓 (S + Vi) 2.主谓宾(S+Vt +O) 3.主系表(S+V+P) 4.主谓宾+宾补(S+Vt +O+OC) 5.主谓+双宾(S+Vt +O间+O直)
have的四种用法
1.表示“有”的意思：have sb/sth to do
have sb do have sb /sth doing have sb/ sth done
2.用作“使役”动词, 意思为”使得”
Section 5 非谓语动词作句子中的状语：
1.to do做状语
(1)表示原因,目的或结果。为了强调目的,可与in order to
Section 3 非谓语动词作句子中的宾补
第一类：感官动词（let, make, see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe. ）
doing sth 表动作在进行
see sb
do sth
表全过程，完成 表被动
done sth
在上面这个固定搭配中，sb. 是非谓语动词的逻辑主语
2.to do 作宾语 e.g. hope to do sth wish, hope, agree, ask, promise, mean, decide, expect, manage, offer, pretend, plan, refuse, care, fail, afford, determine.
另外三，need, require, want
☆need, require, want作“需要”解时，后面接动 词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意 义上并无差别，但用动词-ing形式比较普通。 Your composition needs correcting / to be corrected. 你的作文需要修改。 His coat wants cleaning / to be cleaned. 他的外套需要洗了。 The old woman requires looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully. 这个老大娘需要细心地照料。
另外,可用作形式主语或形式宾语结构中，用it 作形式主/宾语.
(用 for 或of 来表示逻辑主语.for 不定式的特点;of 人的 特点)
1.It’s difficult for you to study English.
2.It’s foolish of you to ask her for help.
如果非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的 主语不是一致呢？
1.独立主格结构
•
Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.
• •
It being Sunday, we have no classes . There being no bus, we had to walk home.
注意：非谓语动词作定语应该注意
1. to do doing/done 作定语统统后置； 作定语，如果非谓语本身是单词应前置， 如果非谓语本身是短语应后置。