厦门大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年
厦门大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、(一)汉译英(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.全面建成小康社会（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：to establish an all-around affluent society2.安倍晋三（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Shinzo Abe3.翘尾因素（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：carryover effects4.中国围棋（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Chinese Go5.骑楼（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：sotto portico; arcade-house6.植入广告（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：product placement7.逆回购（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：reverse repurchase8.汽车单双号限行（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：even-odd license plate plan9.乱穿马路（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：jaywalking10.花旗银行（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Citibank11.两“非”(非法鉴别性别和非法终止妊娠)（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：illegal fetal sex testing and sex-selective abortions12.湄公河（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Mekong River13.松下电器（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Panasonic Corporation14.哈萨克斯坦（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Kazakhstan15.兵部尚书（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：minister of war三、(二)英译汉(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.swing states（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：摇摆州(美国大选中的特有说法)17.poetic justice（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：善有善报，恶有恶报18.drone (军事用语)（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：无人驾驶飞机19.to scale back headcounts（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：缩减人员20.cheerleader（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：啦啦队队长21.skopos theory（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：目的论22.shopping spree（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：疯狂购物23.wailing wall（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：(犹太人的)哭墙24.call to collect（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：对方付费的电话25.TEU（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际标准货柜单位(twenty-foot equivalent unit)26.shale gas（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：页岩气27.plastic surgery（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：整形手术28.a storm in a teacup（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：小题大做29.windfall tax（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：暴利税30.quantitative easing（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：量化宽松四、语篇·英译汉(总题数：2，分数：60.00)31.Wars throughout history have been waged for conquest and plunder. In the Middle Ages when the feudal lords who inhabited the castles—whose towers may still be seen along the Rhine—concluded to enlarge their domains, to increase their power, their prestige and their wealth they declared war upon one another. But they themselves did not go to war any more than the modem feudal lords, the barons of Wall Street go to war.The feudal barons of the Middle Ages, the economic predecessors of the capitalists of our day, declared all wars. And their miserable serfs fought all the battles. The poor, ignorant serfshad been taught to revere their masters; to believe that when their masters declared war upon one another, it was their patriotic duty to fall upon one another and to cut one another"s throats for the profit and glory of the lords and barons who held them in contempt. And that is war in a nutshell. The master class has always declared the wars; the subject class has always fought the battles. The master class has had all to gain and nothing to lose, while the subject class has had nothing to gain and all to lose—especially their lives.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：纵观历史，战争多是为了侵略和掠夺。
首都师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年_真题-无答案
首都师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分150,考试时间90分钟)一将下列词语译成汉语。
1. most-favored nation treatment2. manned space program3. export-oriented economy4. renewable energy sources5. cultural devolution二将下列词语译成英语。
1. 贫富不均2. 公益事业3. 销售旺季4. 拜金主义5. 与时俱进6. 应试教育7. 互利互惠8. 民族复兴9. 实干兴邦10. 民意调查三将下列短文译成汉语。
1. Will the sun rise where it sets and set where it rises? Can I relive the errors of yesterday and right them? Can I call back yesterday"s wounds and make them whole? ... Can I take back the evil that was spoken, the blows that were struck, the pain that was caused? No. Yesterday is buried forever.2. I have but one life and life is naught but a measurement of time. If I waste today I destroy the last page of my life. Therefore, each hour of this day will I cherish for it can never return. It cannot be banked today to be withdrawn on the morrow, for who can trap the wind? Each minute of this day will I grasp with both hands and fondle with love for its value is beyond price. What dying man can purchase another breath though he willingly gives all his gold? What price dare I place onthe hours ahead? I will make them priceless!(fondle: to handle or touch lovingly, affectionately, or tenderly)四将下列段落译成英语。
北京外国语大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年
北京外国语大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.IAEA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际原子能机构(International Atomic Energy Agency)2.UNICEF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：联合国儿童基金会(United Nations International Children"s Emergency Fund)3.Iron-deficiency anemia（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：缺铁性贫血4.sandwich generation（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：三明治一代(同时扶养子女、照顾父母的人)5.hydrocarbon compounds（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：碳氢化合物6.eutrophication（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：富营养化7.wind turbine（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：风力涡轮机；风力发电机8.temperate ecosystems（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：温带生态系统9.depleted nuclear fuel（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：贫化铀10.genome（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：基因组；染色体组11.nanotechnology（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：纳米技术12.marginal cost（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：边际成本；边缘费用13.discount market（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：贴现市场14.LDC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：最不发达国家(Least Developed Countries)；欠发达国家(less developed country)15.eye candy（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：有魅力但不聪明的人；中看不中用的东西；养眼花瓶二、Ⅱ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.页岩气（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：shale gas17.居家养老（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：home-based care for the aged18.参政议政（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：participate in the administration and discussion of state affairs19.本币互换协议（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：currency swap agreement20.自主知识产权（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：proprietary intellectual property rights; Independent Intellectual Property Rights 21.存款准备金（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Deposit Reserve; required reserves22.专属经济区（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：exclusive economic zone23.文化逆差（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：cultural deficit24.光伏电池（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：photovoltaic cell25.装机容量（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：installed capacity26.差额选举（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：competitive election; multi-candidate election27.医药分开（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：separation between medical and pharmaceutical services28.官二代（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：privileged child; the children of powerful officials29.属丝（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：loser; dios30.打酱油（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：It"s none of my business./I am just a passer-by.三、Ⅲ(总题数：2，分数：60.00)31.The conifer hedges in front of J. K. Rowling"s seventeenth-century house, in Edinburgh, are about twenty feet tall. They reach higher than the street lamps in front of them, and evoke the entrance to the spiteful maze in the film adaptation of "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire", the fourth volume of her fantasy series. Rowling, who, at forty-seven, is about to publish her first novel for adults—it is set in a contemporary Britain familiar with Jay-Z and online pornography, but is shaded with memories of her own, quite cheerless upbringing—lives here with her second husband, Neil Murray, a doctor, and their children. She has a reputation for reserve:for being likable but shy and thin-skinned, and not at all comfortable with the personal impact of having created a modern myth, sold four hundred and fifty million books, and inspired more than six hundred thousand pieces of Harry Potter fan fiction, a total that increases by at least a thousand stories a week.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：J·K·罗琳住在爱丁堡一座17世纪的房屋，她家门前的针叶树树篱约有20英尺高，比树篱面前的路灯还要高出些许，令人不禁联想起哈利·波特电影版《哈利·波特与火焰杯》(这是她魔幻系列小说的第四部)中危机四伏的迷宫入口。
2013年考研英语(一)真题及答案
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）.Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with 4 , he theorised that a judge 5of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMA T, a standardized exam which is 16out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17that, then the score for the next applicant would 18by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMA T points than would otherwise have been 20.1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep,scold her unattractive assistant for i magining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor andthe environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyoneto stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before. Brandon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogger:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioral” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D]provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D]internet browser developers28. Bob Lidice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D]goes against human nature29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brandon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the?more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by?[A]our desire for lives of fulfillment[B]our faith in science and technology[C]our awareness of potential risks[D]our belief in equal opportunity32.The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that h uman being are[A]a sustained species[B]a threaten to the environment[C]the world’s dominant power[D]a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A]Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B]Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C]The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D]Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34.To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A]explore our planet’s abundant resources[B]adopt an optimistic view of the world[C]draw on our experience from the past[D]curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Uncertainty about Our Future[B]Evolution of the Human Species[C]The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D]Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset thebalance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversia l plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in con tact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws con flicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their ownresources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserti ng that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36.Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B]disturbed the power balance between different states.[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37.On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A]Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B]States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforceme nt.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B]undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39.The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A]outweighs that held by the states.[B]is dependent on the states’ support.[C]is established by federal statutes.[D]rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A]Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C]Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D]The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food,wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is noradical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords“environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’ s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that ofdecoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possi ble by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny representational forms.Section III WritingParty A51 Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B: (20 points)Part B52 Directions:Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should(1) describe the drawing briefly,(2) interpret its intended meaning, and(3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)答案：1.A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. D 10.A11.D 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.C21.B 22. D 23.A 24.D 25.C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29.C 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. D 34.C 35. C 36.C 37.C 38.D 39.A 40.B 41.E 42. F 43.B 44.G 45.C46. 然而，当人们看到由无家可归者建造的花园照片时，人们会深深的震撼，发现其风格的多样性，因为这些花园不仅风格多样，在装饰及想象力表达方面的需求之外，这些家园还优先提及了各种基本需求。
湖南师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年
湖南师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ TRANSLATION OF WORDS AND PHRASES(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A ENGLISH TO CHINESE(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.BEC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.GPS（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.HIV（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Melbourne（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Semantics（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.overdue loan（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.avian influenza（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Ph. D candidate（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.cease-fire agreement（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.proactive fiscal policy（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.fixed exchange rate system（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.qualified commercial insurer（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.consultation on an equal footing（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.household and commercial lighting（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.United Nations Security Council（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、SECTION B CHINESE TO ENGLISH(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.《大学》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.免费通过（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.流动人口（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.种子选手（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.共同富裕（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.生态农业（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.行政审批（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 23.农业特产税（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________24.在职研究生（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________25.自然保护区（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________26.学龄前儿童（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________27.大规模裁员（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________28.工资集体合同（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________29.科技体制改革（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________30.公共供暖系统（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、PART Ⅱ TRANSLATION OF TEXTS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、SECTION A ENGLISH TO CHINESE(总题数：1，分数：60.00)31.Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevation of mankind. With respect to luxuries and comforts, the wisest have ever lived a more simple and meagre life than the poor. The ancient philosophers, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, were a class than which none has been poorer in outward fiches, none so rich in inward. We know not much about them. It is remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. The same is true of the more modern reformers and benefactors of their race. None can be an impartial or wise observer of human life but from the vantage ground of what we should call voluntary poverty. Of a life of luxury the fruit is luxury, whether in agriculture, or commerce, or literature, or art. There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet it is admirable to profess because it was once admirable to live. To be a philosopher is not merely to have subtle thoughts, nor even to found a school, but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a noble race of men.（分数：60.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________六、SECTION B CHINESE TO ENGLISH(总题数：1，分数：60.00)32.中国共产党成立后，团结带领人民前仆后继、顽强奋斗，把贫穷落后的旧中国变成日益走向繁荣富强的新中国，中华民族伟大复兴展现出前所未有的光明前景。
中南大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年
中南大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第一部分百科知识{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：50.00)第一季度，全国规模以上工业增加值按可比价格计算同比增长11.6%。
分经济类型看，国有及国有控股企业增加值同比增长7.2%，集体企业增长9.7%，股份制企业增长13.8%，外商及港澳台商投资企业增长6.4%。
分轻重工业看，重工业增加值同比增长11.0%，轻工业增长13.2%。
分行业看，41个大类行业增加值全部实现同比增长。
分地区看，东部地区增加值同比增长8.9%，中部地区增长16.9%，西部地区增长14.5%。
分产品看，一季度471种产品中有345种产品产量同比增长。
其中，发电量增长7.1%，钢材增长6.5%，水泥增长7.3%，十种有色金属增长5.8%，汽车与去年同期持平，其中轿车增长0.2%，乙烯下降0.9%。
一季度，全国规模以上工业企业产销率达到97.5%，同比下降0.3个百分点。
规模以上工业企业实现出口交货值23175亿元，同比增长7.4%。
3月份，规模以上工业增加值同比增长11.9%，环比增长1.22%。
（分数：15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(规模以上工业：在统计学中，一般以年主营业务收入作为企业规模的标准，达到一定规模要求的企业就称为规模以上企业。
自2011年起，国家统计局将纳入规模以上工业统计范围的工业企业起点标准从年主营业务收入500万元提高到2000万元。
)解析：__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(国有控股企业：指在企业的全部资本中，国家资本股本占较高比例，并且由国家实际控制的企业。
中山大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年.doc
中山大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第一部分百科知识{{/B}}(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.诺贝尔在1895年11月27日写下遗嘱，捐献全部财产3122万于瑞典克朗设立基金，每年把利息作为奖金，授予“一年来对人类作出最大贡献的人”。
根据他的遗嘱，瑞典政府于同年建立“诺贝尔基金会”，负责把基金的年利息按五等分授予，文学奖就是其中之一。
以下哪位美国作家获得过诺贝尔文学奖?______∙ A.Jack London∙ B.Frank O'Hara∙ C.Robert Bly∙ D.Eugene O'Neil（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.2.亨利·詹姆斯(Henry James，1843—1916)，美国作家。
詹姆斯的主要作品是小说，此外也写了许多文学评论、游记、传记和剧本。
他的小说常写美国人和欧洲人之间交往的问题；成人罪恶如何影响并摧残了纯洁、聪慧的儿童；物质与精神之间的矛盾；艺术家的孤独；作家和艺术家的生活等。
以下哪部作品不是出自詹姆斯之手?______∙ A.Daisy Miller∙ B.Washington Square∙ C.The Ambassadors∙ D.The House of Mirth（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.3.下列文学作品与创作者对应不正确的是______。
∙ A.Rip Van Winkle—Washington Irving∙ B.Sister Carrie—Theodore Dreiser∙ C.The Age of Innocence—Edith Wharton∙ D.Mrs. Warren's Profession—Edward Albee（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4.下列作家不是爱尔兰人的是______。
∙ A.Oscar Wilde∙ B.James Joyce∙ wrence∙ D.Jonathan Swift（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.5.以下哪一句名言不是出自莎士比亚作品?______∙ A.“No man is an island, entire of itself.”∙ B.“All the world is a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”∙ C.“What's in a name? That which we call a rose. By any other name would smell as sweet.”∙ D.“To be or not to be, that is the question.”（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.6.以下诗人不是桂冠诗人的是______。
暨南大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年
暨南大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第一部分百科知识{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}(一)从四个选项中选择正确的一项。
{{/B}}(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.《清明上河图》，中国十大传世名画之一，是北宋画家______的杰作。
∙ A.米芾∙ B.张择端∙ C.郭熙∙ D.吴道子（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 《清明上河图》是中国十大传世名画之一，是北宋画家张择端仅见的存世精品，被誉为“中华第一神品”，属国宝级文物，现藏于北京故宫博物院。
2.“低碳”是指______。
∙ A.减少碳水化合物∙ B.减少二氧化碳排放∙ C.减少一氧化碳排放∙ D.减少碳金属（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 低碳，意指较低(更低)的温室气体(二氧化碳为主)排放。
减少排放二氧化碳的生活则叫做低碳生活。
3.在“精卫填海”的故事里，“精卫”是______。
∙ A.一个巨人∙ B.一只鸟∙ C.一条大鱼∙ D.一条龙（分数：1.00）A.B. √D.解析：[解析] “精卫填海”的故事，出自中国上古奇书《山海经》。
相传太阳神炎帝有两个女儿，大女儿的名字叫瑶姬，小女儿的名字叫女娃。
因久居天宫无聊，有一天，女娃驾船游东海而溺，其不平的精灵化作花脑袋，白嘴壳，红色爪子的一种鸟，栖息在发鸠山，发出“精卫”“精卫”的悲鸣，人们便将此鸟叫作精卫鸟。
精卫衔草石由发鸠山飞往东海投入，誓言要填平东海。
4.古代六艺，“礼、乐、射、御、书、数”中的“御”是指______。
∙ A.舞蹈∙ B.下棋∙ C.武术∙ D.驾车（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 西周的学校实行“六艺”教育，所谓“六艺”是指礼(道德合礼仪规范)、乐(举行各种仪式时的音乐舞蹈)、射(射箭)、御(驾车)、书(书写)、数(计算)。
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试四川大学2013年真题.doc
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试四川大学2013年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：30.00)1.Presumably , excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.（分数：2.00）A.TheoreticallyB.PracticallyC.IncrediblyD.Probably2.Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.（分数：2.00）A.softB.sheerC.fragileD.refined3.It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.（分数：2.00）A.apparentlyB.slightlyC.considerablyD.steadily4.Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile.（分数：2.00）A.diligentB.capableC.cleverD.perfect5.What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the fallible procedure.（分数：2.00）A.sublimeB.erroneousC.plausibleD.impeccable6.What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive statement.（分数：2.00）A.suspectB.surmiseC.suspicionD.surrender7.Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional .（分数：2.00）A.permanentB.temporaryC.corruptD.craven8.Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily .（分数：2.00）A.fearlesslyB.confidentlyC.silentlyD.prudently9.Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism .（分数：2.00）A.energyB.enduranceC.effortD.endeavor10.Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors.（分数：2.00）A.guidanceB.sovereigntyC.authorityD.suzerainty11.The general opinion is that he is ______ to complain.（分数：1.00）A.so much a milquetoastB.too a milquetoastC.too much of a milquetoastD.so much of a milquetoast12.The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as ______ the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.（分数：1.00）A.doB.doesC.playD.are13.Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ______ last week.（分数：1.00）A.to be startedB.to have startedC.to have been startingD.start14.Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, ______ its grammatical structure.（分数：1.00）A.the same areB.and so areC.as didD.and so were15.Although money is always useful, it isn"t all ______.（分数：1.00）A.what there is to lifeB.to which there is in lifeC.there is to lifeD.that is in life16.______ ever so humble, there"s no place like home.（分数：1.00）A.It beB.Be itC.It wasD.Was it17.Although women duster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.（分数：1.00）A.butB.theC.muchD.any18.Professor Jeffrey"s lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show ______ can still be improved.（分数：1.00）A.that the municipal authorities have doneB.how those the municipal authorities have doneC.how what the municipal authorities have doneD.that how the municipal authorities have done19.Most insulation devices of this kind, ______ manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.（分数：1.00）A.that areB.which isC.those areD.as are20.The detective watched and saw the suspect ______ a hotel at the corner of the street.（分数：1.00）A.getting off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and walked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into二、Part Ⅱ Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section 1 Multiple c(总题数：2，分数：20.00)An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes, and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some beating. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others—the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has "committed perjury", we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned—in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn "rule" behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the factthat an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.（分数：10.00）(1).In the development of a government agency, ______.（分数：2.00）A.the standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgmentB.the function of law is importantC.the study of ordinance is the most importantD.practice is more important than criterion(2).One of the prominent characteristics of a law is ______.（分数：2.00）A.the result on the individual"s behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercisedB.the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agencyC.the result of a behavior on ordinary citizensD.Both A and B(3).What does the example "committed perjury" illustrate?（分数：2.00）A.The law will examine closely what the individual said in courtB.It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on othersC.Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by lawD.Both B and C(4).The other distinguishing trait of the law is ______.（分数：2.00）A.punishment is carried out by the courts at all levelsB.rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government controlC.a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by natureD.any governmental reinforcement(5).How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?（分数：2.00）A.The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectivelyernment agencies have to compromise with factual conditionsC.Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefitws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence"Sloganeering" did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a "host-shout," "war cry," or "gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field." English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The term at the time meant "the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons." Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized primarily as "passwords to insure proper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle." The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without "the Boston Massacre," "the Boston Tea Party," "the shot heard around the world," and shouts of "no taxation without representation".Slogans operate in society as "social symbols" and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.Because slogans may operate as "significant symbols" or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized thatthe influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman writes that "to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise." Thus, the slogans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the group"s norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.Slogans are so pervasive in today"s society that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for public interaction and debate. The style of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television.The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an "overcommunicated" society. Advertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes "homemade" or is as good as "Morn used to make" does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother"s baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to associate with an issue, group, product, or event. "Sloganeering" has become institutionalized as a virtual art form, and an advertising agency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person.Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. "Gray Power," for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and "Huelga" (strike in Spanish) identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest.（分数：10.00）(1)."Sloganeering" stems from a word that was used ______.（分数：2.00）A.in the United StatesB.in the IrelandC.on the European continentD.frequently in revolutionary rhetoric(2).What is the writer"s main purpose?（分数：2.00）A.To explain the history of slogansB.To explain the persuasiveness of slogansC.To explain how slogans have changedD.To explain how slogans are used on television(3).Because slogans are "social symbols" they ______.（分数：2.00）A.can have different meanings in different cultural and economic settingsB.are widely used as status symbolsC.can be used to demonstrate high social standingD.are perceived as difficult to grasp(4).Lasswell"s and Edelman"s studies are important in that they ______.（分数：2.00）A.believe that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reactionB.demonstrate that patterning and consistency is crucial to the use of symbolsanize collective attitudes around a symbolD.demonstrate a culture"s principles are indicated by the slogans which arc used(5).Television ______.（分数：2.00）A.has distorted the purpose of slogansB.has kept consistent the nature of human interactionC.has made political images personal and shorterD.utilizes slogans well四、Section 2 Answering (总题数：2，分数：20.00)THE WISDOM OF SOCRATESI will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name. Listen then. Some of you will think that I am joking, but I assure you that I will tell you the whole truth. I have gained this bad reputation, Athenians, simply by reason of a certain kind of wisdom. What kind of wisdom? It is by that sort of wisdom which is possible to men. It may be that in having that I am really wise. But the men of whom I was speaking just now must be wise in a wisdom which is greater than human wisdom, or in some way which I cannot describe since I know nothing of it myself; and if any man says that I do know anything of superhuman wisdom, he lies and wants to slander me. (Interruptions.) Do not interrupt me, Athenians, even if you think that I am speaking arrogantly I am. going to say something which is not my own. I will tell you who says it and he deserves to be believed by you. I will bring the god of Delphi to be the witness of the fact of my wisdom and of its nature. You remember Chaerephon. From youth upwards he was my comrade. You remember his character. He was impetuous. Once he went to Delphi and ventured to put this question to the Oracle—(interruptions)—I entreat you again, my friends, not to cry out-he asked if there was any man who was wiser than I, and the priestess answered that them was no man. Chaerephon himself is dead, but his brother here will confirm what I say.Why do I tell you this? I am going to explain to you the origin of my unpopularity. When I heard what the Oracle had said I began to reflect. What could God mean by this dark saying? I knew very well that I was not wise, even in the smallest degree. Then what could he mean by saying that I was the wisest of men? It cannot be that he was speaking falsely for he is a god and cannot lie. For a long time I was at a loss to understand his meaning. After turning it over in my mind for a long time I thought of away of testing the matter. I went to a man who was said to be wise, thinking that there if anywhere I should prove the Oracle wrong, and meaning to point out to the Oracle its mistake. I should be able to say, "You said that I was the wisest of men, but this man is wiser than I am." So I examined the man—I need not tell you his name; he was a politician —but this was the result, Athenians. When I talked with him I found that, though a great many persons, and most of all he himself; thought that he was wise, yet he was not wise. Then I tried to prove to him that he was not wise though he fancied he was, and by so doing I made him, and many of the bystanders, Elders, my enemies. So when I went away I thought to myself, I am wiser than this man. Probably neither of us knows anything that is really good, but he thinks that he has knowledge, when he has not, while I having no knowledge, do not think that I have. I do not think that I know what I do not know, and on this point, at any rate I seem to be a little wiser than he is.Next I went to another man who was said to be even wiser than the last, with exactly the same result. Here again I made him, and many other men, my enemies.I went on to one man after another, making enemies every day. This caused me much unhappiness and anxiety, but I thought that I must set God"s command above everything? So I had to go to every man who seemed to possess any knowledge, and search for the meaning of the Oracle. This was the result of the search which I made at God"s bidding: the men whose reputation for wisdom stood highest were among those most lacking in it, while others, who were looked down on as common people, were much better fitted to learn.Now I must describe to you the wanderings which I undertook to make full proof of the Oracle.After the politicians I went to the poets, thinking that I should and myself clearly more ignorant than they. So I took up the poems on which I thought they had spent most pains, and ask them what they meant, hoping to learn something from them. I am ashamed to tell you the truth, my friends, but I must say it. Almost any of the bystanders could have talked about the works of these poets better than the poets themselves. So I soon found out that it is not by wisdom that the poets create their works, but by a certain natural power and by inspiration, like soothsayers and prophets who say fine things but who understand nothing of what they say. At the same time I saw that, because of their poetry, they thought that they were the wisest of men in other matters too, which they were not. So I went away again, thinking that I had the same advantage over the poets as I had .over the politicians.Finally I went to the skilled workmen, for I knew very well that I possessed no knowledge at all worth speaking of, and I was sure that I should find that they knew many fine things, and in that I was not mistaken. But, Athenians, they made the same mistake as the poets. Each of them believed himself to be extremely wise in matters of the greatest importance because he was skilled in his own art. I asked myself, on behalf of the Oracle, whether I would choose to remain as I was, without either their wisdom or their ignorance, or to possess both, as they did. I made answer to myself and to the Oracle that it was better for me to remain as I was.By reason of this examination, Athenians, I have made enemies of a very bitter and fierce kind, who have spread abroad a great number of slanders about me. People say that I am a "wise man", thinking that I am wise myself in any matter in which I show another man to be ignorant. But, my friends, I believe that only God is really wise, and that by this Oracle he meant that men"s wisdom is worth little or nothing. I do not think he meant that Socrates was wise. He only took me as an example as though he would say to men, "He among you is the wisest who, like Socrates, knows that his wisdom is worth little at all."（分数：12.00）(1).When Socrates says that he is not wise, what does he mean by "being wise" ? When he says that he possesses a certain kind of wisdom, what kind of "wisdom" has he in mind?When he says that only God is really wise, is he thinking of the first sense of "wisdom" or second?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).In the second sentence of the second paragraph, Socrates promises to explain to the audience the origin of his unpopularity. What exactly is the explanation which he offers on this point?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Can you tell from this passage whether Socrates had a sympathetic audience or a hostile one?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ "I"ve been expecting you!" Marek repeated, when he had seated his guest in a comfortable leather chair. Nothing on earth would have induced Bondy to own up to his vision of the fallen inventor. "Just fancy!" he said, with a rather forced gaiety. "What a coincidence! It struck me only this very morning that we hadn"t seen each other for twenty years. Twenty years, Rudy, think of it!" "Hm," said Marek. "And so you want to buy my invention.""Buy it?" said G. H. Bondy hesitatingly. "I really don"t know... I haven"t even given it a thought.I wanted to see you and—""Oh, come, you needn"t pretend," Marek interrupted him. "I knew that you were coming. You"d be sure to, for a thing like this. This kind of invention is just in your line. There"s a lot to be done with it. " He made an eloquent motion with his hand, coughed, and began again more deliberately. "The invention I am going to show you means a bigger revolution in technical methods than Wart"s invention of the steam-engine. To give you its nature briefly, it provides, putting it theoretically, for the complete utilization of atomic energy."Bondy concealed a yawn. "But tell me, what have you been doing all these twenty years?" Marek glanced at him with some surprise."Modem science teaches that all matter—that is to say, its atoms—is composed of a vast number of units of energy. An atom is in reality a collection of electrons, i. e. of the tiniest particles of electricity.""That"s tremendously interesting," Bondy broke in. "I was always weak in physics, you know. But you"re not looking well, Marek. By the way, how did you happen to come by this playth. , this, er... factory?""I? Oh, quite by accident. I invented a new kind of filament for electric bulbs... But that"s nothing; I only came upon it incidentally. You see, for twenty years I"ve been working on the combustion of matter. Tell me yourself, Bondy, what is the greatest problem of modern industry?" "Doing business," said Bond. "And are you married yet?""I"m a widower," answered Marek, leaping up excitedly. "No, business has nothing to do with it, I tell you. It"s combustion. The complete utilization of the heat-energy contained in matter! Just consider that we use hardly one hundred-thousandth of the heat that there is in coal, and that could be extracted from it! Do you realize that?""Yes, coal is terribly dear!" said Mr. Bondy sapiently.Marek sat down and cried disgustedly, "Look here, if you haven"t come here about my Karburator, Bondy, you can go. ""Go ahead, then," Bondy returned, anxious to conciliate him.Marek rested his head in his hands, and after a struggle came out with, "For twenty years I"ve been working on it, and now—now, I"ll sell it to the first man who comes along! My magnificent dream! The greatest invention of all the ages! Seriously, Bondy, I tell you, it"s something really amazing.""No doubt, in the present wretched state of affairs," assented Bondy."No, without any qualification at all, amazing. Do you realize that it means the utilization of atomic energy without any residue whatever?""Aha," said Bondy. "So we"re going to do our heating with atoms. Well, why not? ... You"ve got a nice place here, Rudy. Small and pleasant. How many hands do you employ?" Marek took no notice. "You know," he said thoughtfully, "it"s all the same thing, whatever you call it—the utilization of atomic energy, or the complete combustion of matter, or the disintegration of matter. You can call it what you please.""I"m in favor of "combustion"!" said Mr. Bondy. "It sounds more familiar.""But "disintegration" is more exact—to break up the atoms into electrons, and harness the electrons and make them work. Do you understand that?""Perfectly," Bondy assured him. "The point is to harness them!""Well, imagine, say, that there are two horses at the ends of a rope, pulling with all their might in opposite directions. Do you know what you have then?""Some kind of sport, I suppose," suggested Mr. Bondy."No, a state of repose. The horses pull, but they stay where they are. And if you were to cut the rope—""—The horses would fall over," cried G. H. Bondy, with a flash of inspiration."No, but they would start running; they would become energy released. Now, pay attention. Matter is a team in that very position. Cut the bonds that hold its electrons together, and they will..." "Run loose!""Yes, but we can catch and harness them, don"t you see? Or put it to yourself this way: we burn a piece of coal, say, to produce heat. We do get a little heat from it, but we also get ashes, coal-gas, and soot. So we don"t lose the matter altogether, do we?""No. —Won"t you have a cigar?""No, I won"t. —But the matter which is left still contains a vast quantity of unused atomic energy. If we used up the whole of the atomic energy, we should use up the whole of the atoms. In short, the matter would vanish altogether. ""Aha! Now I understand.""It"s just as though we were to grind corn badly—as if we ground up the thin outer husk and threw the rest away, just as we throw away ashes. When the grinding is perfect, there"s nothing or next to nothing left of the grain, is there? In the same way, when there is perfect combustion, there"s nothing or next to nothing left of the matter we burn. It"s ground up completely. It is used up. It returns to its original nothingness. You know, it takes a tremendous amount of energy to make matter exist at all. Take away its existence, compel it not to be, and you thereby release an enormous supply of power. That"s how it is, Bondy. ""Aha. That"s not bad.""Pflüger, for instance, calculates that one kilogramme of coal contains twenty-three billions of calories. I think that Pflüger exaggerates.""Decidedly.""l have arrived at seven billions myself, theoretically. But even that signifies that one kilogramme of coal, if it underwent complete combustion, would run a good-sized factory for several hundred hours!""The devil it does!" cried Mr. Bondy, springing from his chair."I can"t give you the exact number of hours. I"ve been burning half a kilogramme of coal for six weeks at a pressure of thirty kilogrammetres and, man alive," said the engineer in a whisper, turning pale, "it"s still going on... and on... and on."Bondy was embarrassed; he stroked his smooth round chin. "Listen, Marek," he began, hesitatingly. "You"re surely.., er... a bit.., er... overworked."Marek"s hand thrust the suggestion aside. "Not a bit of it. If you"d only get up physics a bit,I could give you an explanation of my Karburator in which the combustion takes place. It involvesa whole chapter of advanced physics, you know. But you"ll see it downstairs in the cellar. I shovelled half a kilogramme of coal into the machine, then I shut it up and had it officially sealed in the presence of witnesses, so that no one could put any more coal in. Go and have a look at it for yourself—go on—go now! You won"t understand it, anyway, but—go down to the cellar! Go on down, man, I tell you!""Won"t you come with me?" asked Bondy in astonishment."No, you go alone. And... I say, Bondy... don"t stay down there long.""Why not?" asked Bondy, growing a trifle suspicious."Oh, nothing much. Only I have a notion that perhaps it"s not quite healthy down there. Turn on the light, the switch is just by the door. That noise down in the cellar doesn"t come from my machine. It works noiselessly, steadily, and without any smell... The roaring is only a ventilator. Well, now, you go on. I"ll wait here. Then you can tell me..."Bondy went down the cellar steps, quite glad to be away from that madman for a while (quite mad, no doubt whatever about it) and rather worried as to the quickest means of getting out of the place altogether. Why, just look, the cellar had a huge thick reinforced door just like an armourplated safe in a bank. And now let"s have a light. The switch was just by the door. And there in the middle of the arched concrete cellar, clean as a monastery cell, lay a gigantic copper cylinder resting on cement supports. It was closed on all sides except at the top, where there was a grating bedecked with seals. Inside the machine all was darkness and silence. With a smooth and regular motion the cylinder thrust forth a piston which slowly rotated a heavy fly-wheel. That was all. Only the ventilator in the cellar window kept up a ceaseless rattle.Perhaps it was the draught from the ventilator or something—but Mr. Bondy felt a peculiar breeze upon his brow, and an eerie sensation as though his hair were standing on end; and then it seemed。
南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年
南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.malware（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：恶意软件2.code of conduct（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：行为准则3.inflation（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：通货膨胀4.search engine（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：搜索引擎5.square brackets（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：方括号6.3G mobile（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：3G手机7.MOU（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：谅解备忘录(memorandum of understanding)8.Chairman of the Board（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：董事会主席9.tele-conference（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：电话会议10.correspondence university（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：函授大学11.vicious circle（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：恶性循环12.aircraft carrier（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：航空母舰13.entrepreneur（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：企业家14.financial crisis（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：金融危机15.intellectual property（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：知识产权二、Part Ⅱ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.波音（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Boeing17.硅谷（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Silicon Valley18.教育机构（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：education institution19.科学态度（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：scientific attitude20.市场营销（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：marketing21.高能物理（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：high-energy physics22.临界温度（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：critical temperature23.控制系统（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：control system24.经济发展（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：economic development25.希望工程（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Project Hope26.电流（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：electric current27.技术革新（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：technical innovation28.太阳能（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：solar energy29.太空站（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：space station30.数字电视（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：digital television三、Part Ⅲ(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：30.00)31.The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word "cybernetics" (from the Greek word for "steersman", "kubernetes" ), to describe that branch of study which is concemed with self-regulating systems of communication and control in living organisms and machines. The derivation seems apt, since the primary function of many cybernetic systems is to steer an optimum course through changing conditions towards a predetermined goal.We know from long experience that stable objects are those with broad bases and with most of theirmass centred low, yet we seldom marvel at our own remarkable ability to stand up right, supported only by our jointed legs and narrow feet. To stay erect even when pushed, or when the surface beneath us moves, as on a ship or a bus; to be able to walk or run over rough ground without falling; to keep cool when it is hot or vice versa, are examples of cybernetic processes and of properties exclusive to living things and to highly automated machines.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：美国数学家诺伯特·维纳是第一个将“控制论”(“cybernetics”一词来源于希腊文“kubernetes”，表示“掌舵人”)一词变为用来描述有关生物体和机器通信与控制自我调节系统研究方面常用词的人。
2020年厦门大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题
2020年厦门大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题Ⅰ汉译英1. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
答案：Nothing ventured, nothing gained.2. 她生来才貌双全。
答案：She is endowed with both wit and beauty.3. 服装纺织业答案：the textile and clothing industry4. 中国人民政治协商会议答案：CPPCC (Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference)5. 法定节日答案：legal festivals6. 国家烟草专卖局答案：State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau7. 磁悬浮铁轨答案：magnetic levitation (maglev) rail8. 节能减排答案：energy conservation and emission reduction9. 加快自主创新的步伐答案：to accelerate the pace of independent innovation10. 不断完善有利于科学发展的体制机制答案：constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically11. 改善民主答案：improve democracy12. 加快发展社会事业答案：to accelerate the development of social programs13. 实施医药卫生体制改革答案：to implement the health care system reform14. 提高宏观调控水平答案：to improve macroeconomic regulation15. 物以类聚，人以群分。
答案：Birds of a feather flock together.Ⅱ英译汉1. an Irish goodbye答案：爱尔兰式告别2. helicopter parent答案：直升机父母(直升机父母是目前国际上流行的一个新词语。