【小站教育】托福阅读经典长难句178
TOEFL 李佳 托福阅读长难句178
谨献给奋斗在出国路上的Toeflers 1. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. (Words 33; Medium)
2. Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life. (Words 31; Medium)
3. For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group. (Words 40; Hard)
4. Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate TOEFL 李佳 cushion plants. (Words 45; Medium)
5. Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be, it is evident that within the High Plains, irrigation water will never again be the abundant, inexpensive resource it was during the agricultural boom years of the mid-twentieth century. (Words 39; Hard)
6. Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. (Words 42; Easy)
7. These plants are termed opportunists because they rely on their seeds’ falling into setting where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy. (Words 44; Easy)
8. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain TOEFL 李佳 why human figures are rarely depicted in the cave art. (Words 43; Easy)
9. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. (Words 32; Easy)
10. The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth, starting widespread fires that must have consumed most terrestrial forests and grassland. (Words 35; Medium)
11. Demonstrations of infants’ and toddlers’ long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier, such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll’s mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. (Words 43; Easy)
12. General knowledge of categories of events such as a birthday party or a visit to the doctor’s office helps older individuals encode their experiences, but again, infants and toddlers are unlikely to encode many experiences within such knowledge structures. (Words 39; Easy) TOEFL 李佳 13. Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set our fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. (Words 46; Medium)
14. As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America. (Words 39; Medium)
15. At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animals groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving not descendants in modern animals group. (Words 52; Medium)
16. But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity, perhaps related to the geologic forces
托福考试阅读长难句分析
托福考试阅读长难句分析2017年托福考试阅读长难句分析导语：长难句是托福阅读的大障碍，理解不当对于做题有很大的影响。
因此攻克了长难句，相信大家会轻松不少，下面是小编为您收集整理的英语资料，希望对您有所帮助。
托福阅读长难句：怀孕鱼龙群There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.(并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…)关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。
分句1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports分句2：that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones 分句3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs分句4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like分句1是整个长句的主句，分句2、分句3和分句4是并列关系，共同构成分句1的同位语从句。
本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。
托福阅读长难句：食用绿色食品As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.(同位语从句claims that…)结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的`基础。
托福长难句120句解析
托福长难句120句解析一、句子解析1. The professor's lecture was so convoluted that it was difficult for the students to follow.解析：这个句子中，convoluted意为“复杂的”，表示教授的讲座内容非常复杂，以至于学生很难理解和跟随。
2. Despite her extensive preparation, she struggled with the difficult questions on the exam.解析：这个句子中，despite意为“尽管”，表示尽管她做了大量的准备工作，但仍然在考试中遇到了困难的问题。
3. The author uses a series of rhetorical questions to engage the reader and provoke thought.解析：这个句子中，rhetorical questions意为“修辞性问题”，表示作者使用了一系列的修辞性问题来吸引读者并引发思考。
4. The government's decision to increase taxes was met with widespread opposition from the public.解析：这个句子中，met with意为“遭遇”，表示政府增税的决定受到了公众的广泛反对。
5. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work.解析：这个句子中，has the potential to意为“有潜力”，表示新技术有潜力彻底改变我们的生活和工作方式。
6. The company's profits have plummeted as a result of the economic downturn.解析：这个句子中，plummeted意为“暴跌”，表示由于经济衰退，公司的利润暴跌。
经典托福阅读长难句翻译
1. Accordingto conventional theory， yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy andserves the function of increasing alertness by reversing， through deeperbreathing， the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallowbreathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.【译文】根据传统的理论，当人们无聊或者困倦的时候，打哈欠会出现。
打哈欠通过深呼吸来逆转血液中氧含量的降低，从而的起到提高警觉的功能。
而血液中氧含量的降低是由浅呼吸导致的，而浅呼吸又伴随着缺觉或无聊。
2. The keyfactor in the success of these countries （along with high literacy， whichcontributed to it） was their ability to adapt to the international division oflabor determined by the earlyindustrializers and to stake out areas ofspecialization in international markets for which they were especially wellsuited.【译文】这些国家成功的关键因素（促成这个因素的是高识字率）是他们有能力适应由早期的工业化国家决定的劳动力国际分工并占领了他们特别适合的国际市场中的专业化领域。
3. In the second case， pollinators（insects， birds） obtain food from the flowering plant， and the plant has itspollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would beif they were carried by the wind only.【译文】在第二个案例中，传粉者（昆虫和鸟）从开花植物中获取食物，而植物也使得它们的花粉和种子相比于只通过风传播的更加高效。
托福阅读长难句分析
托福阅读长难句分析2016托福阅读长难句分析精选在整个托福阅读的过程中，每篇文章的阅读时间规定为是20分钟。
当然，除了文章外还有答题，对于很多人来说，这个时间还是非常紧张的。
以下是yjbys网店铺整理的关于托福阅读长难句分析精选，供大家备考。
托福阅读长难句解析：恐龙灭绝的原因Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals, which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs--except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago, and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence. (TPO42, 56) allegedly/ə'ledʒidli/ adv.据称，据传闻大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals, (which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs)--except (that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago, and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120million years of coexistence.) (TPO42, 56)托福阅读长难句100句分析：这个句子的`主干就是：Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals修饰一：(which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs)，从句中文：据说它们吃掉了所有的恐龙蛋修饰二：(that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the sametime in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago,and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence.) ，从句注意这个从句里面还有一个从句：(that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence)中文：哺乳动物和恐龙同时出现在约190万年前的晚三叠世，没理由认为哺乳动物在和恐龙共同生活了120万年之后，忽然爱吃恐龙蛋了。
托福阅读长难句分析精选
托福阅读长难句分析精选托福阅读长难句1This abundance is notable in Roman settlements (especially urban sites) where the labor that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds(fragments of pottery) constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases of excavation. (TPO29, 42)大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解This abundance is notable in Roman settlements (especially urban sites) (where the labor (that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds (fragments of pottery)) constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases ofexcavation).(TPO29, 42)托福阅读长难句100句分析：这个句子主干就是：This abundance is notable in Roman settlements这个句子理解的难点在于，where从句里中间有一个定语从句，把the labor 和constitute隔开了，大家注意这样一个问题。
这个问题只要能够理解，速读就不是问题了。
修饰一：(where the labor constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases of excavation)，从句中文：在这些地方劳动占了挖掘初期总工作量的很高的比例修饰二：(that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds (fragments of pottery)) ，从句，修饰labor，难点就在于这个从句的理解，其实就是put the labor into the washing and storing of pots herds中文：考古学家花在清洗分类陶瓷碎片上的劳动托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：这种丰富性在罗马居住点(尤其在城市)很明显，在这些地方考古学家花在清洗分类陶瓷碎片上的劳动占了挖掘初期总工作量的很高的比例。
托福阅读备考之长难句分析
托福阅读备考之长难句分析2017年托福阅读备考之长难句分析理清考试题目的重点有助于我们更快更好的掌握考试方法，下面是店铺整理的2017年托福阅读备考之长难句分析，欢迎阅读!纳瓦霍人As relative newcomers to the Southwest, a place where their climate, neighbors,and rulers could be equally inhospitable, the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them, not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. (TPO41, 49)大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解(As relative newcomers to the Southwest), (a place) (where their climate, neighbors, and rulers could be equally inhospitable), the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them, (not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. ) (TPO41, 49)托福阅读长难句分析：这个句子的主干部分：the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them修饰一：(As relative newcomers to the Southwest)，介词短语中文：作为西南部相对较新的人修饰二：(a place) ，同位语中文：一个地方修饰三：(where their climate, neighbors,and rulers could be equally inhospitable) ，从句中文：在那里气候恶劣、邻居冷漠以及统治者暴政修饰四：(not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. )，介词短语注意这里有一个搭配：not just … but … 不仅…而且中文：不仅是通过详述这些象征性的行为，而且还通过艺术品本身的美和和谐托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：作为西南部(在那里气候恶劣、邻居冷漠以及统治者暴政)相对较新的人，纳瓦霍人不仅是通过详述这些象征性的行为，而且还通过艺术品本身的美和和谐，创造了这些艺术形式来影响他们周围的世界。
托福--阅读长难句
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• Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations.
Conservancy’s Bud Smith is working with
local people and business leaders to balance
economic growth and environmental
protection.
Note：Conservancy 大自然保护精选协pp会t课件
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长难句类型：
1、主语或宾语拉长 2、分词短语打头 3、多个谓语动词连用 4、插入语 5、并列结构使得句子变长 6、多重复合句叠加
总原则： 浓缩主干，找出核心句型
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1、 主语或宾语拉长 解决方法：有效分解主谓成分，断开之后
各个击破。
The deserts, which already occupy about a fourth of the Earth’s land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. (OG Practice
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• This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
托福阅读长难句(pdf)
划出定语(后置) 定语从句 状语（地点 时间 程度副词） 插入语
• 剩下的部分， 主要是：主语＋谓语＋宾语
举例
• Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in a systematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those properties overtime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years.
名词性从句
• In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be saturated with groundwater.
状语从句
• Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.
托福阅读备考之长难句分析集锦
托福阅读备考之长难句分析集锦托福阅读备考之长难句分析：二战之后的加拿大托福阅读长难句：二战之后的加拿大Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth.倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War分句2：is分句3：the country's impressive population growth分句1，2，3共同构成倒装句，正常的语序应该是3，2，1，即：该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War.本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is.托福阅读备考之长难句分析：深海底部环境托福阅读长难句：深海底部环境Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times gre ater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways asforbidding and remote as the void of outer space.定语后置in some ways…【译句】由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
托福阅读长难句[答案]
Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.1.○Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.○The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.○Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.○The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.2.The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swameven though a fluke was missing.○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.○Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales.○By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.3.○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.○Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult becauseof population growth that has spread over large areas of land.○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.4.○Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines than in developing a technology based on only one.○Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did not think exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer machines.○Edison did not want to develop projection technology because it limited the number of machines he could sell.○Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitorsagreed to purchase more than one projector from him.5.justified-as during wartime-]are likely to act aggressively, whereasor who think that aggression is never justified,] are less likely to○People who believe that they are fighting a just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not.○People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.○People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime.○People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime.6.○Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.○The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.○Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.○Masters who trained members of their own family as apprentices demanded excellence from them.7.○These fishes often have a problem opening their mouths while swimming.○The streamlining of these fishes prevents them from slowing down.○The streamlining of these fishes tends to slow down their breathing.○Opening the mouth to breathe can reduce the speed of these fishes.8.Hills and mountains are often regarded as the epitome of permanence,successfully resisting the destructive forces of nature, but in fact○When they are relatively young, hills and mountains successfully resist the destructive forces of nature.○Although they seem permanent, hills and mountains exist for a relatively short period of geological time.○Hills and mountains successfully resist the destructive forces of nature, but only for a short time.○Hills and mountains resist the destructive forces of nature better than other types of landforms.9.○Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.○Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.○The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy.○The Democrats' power was greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.10.The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how○The Fore's facial expressions indicated their unwillingness to pretend to be story characters.○The Fore were asked to display familiar facial expressions when they told their stories.○The Fore exhibited the same relationship of facial expressions and basic emotions 【that is seen in Western culture】 when they acted out stories.○The Fore were familiar with the facial expressions and basic emotions of characters in stories.11.【Although her early theatrical career had included stints as anactress,】she was not primarily interested in storytelling or expressing emotions through dance; the drama of her dancing emanated from her visual effects.○Fuller was more interested in dance’s visual impact than in its narrative or emotional possibilities.○Fuller used visual effects to dramatize the stories and emotions expressed in her work. 强加关系○Fuller believed that the drama of her dancing sprang from heremotional style of storytelling.○Fuller’s focus on the visual effects of dance resulted from her early theatrical training as an actress.12.One explanation for green icebergs attributes their color to anSun】, but green icebergs stand out among white and blue icebergs 【under一个对于绿色冰山的解释把它们的颜色归因为一个当蓝色的冰被接近地平线的红太阳照亮时产生的光学错觉；但绿色冰山在多种多样的光线条件下都会在白色和蓝色冰山中间凸显出来。