托福TPO19听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO19听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO19听力Conversation2文本
Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and the director of the student cafeteria.
Student: Hi, I... I am sorry to interrupt, could I ask you a few questions?
Director: Sure, but if it is about you meal plan, you’ll need to go to Room 45, just down the hall.
Student: Eh, no, I am OK with my meal plan. I am actually here about the food in the student cafeteria.
Director: Oh, we do feed a lot of students, so we can’t always honor individual requests. I am sure you understand.
Student: Of course. It is just that I am a little concerned, I mean, a lot of us are, that a lot of the food you serve isn’t really that healthy. Like there are so many deep-fried foods.
Director: As a matter of fact, we recently changed the type of oil we use in our fryer. It is the healthiest available. And would you believe that at least ten students have already complaint that their French fries and fried chicken don’t taste as good since we switched?
Student: Oh, I try not to eat too many fried foods anyway. I am just aware that, eh...You see, I used to work in a natural food store. They had all these literature advising people to eat fresh organic growing food. Working there really open my eyes.
Director: Did you come to the organic food festival we had last year to celebrate Earth Day?
Student: Oh, sorry, I must have missed that.
Director: We served only certified organic food, most of which was from local farms. It is not something we can afford to do on a daily basis, and there aren’t too many organic farms around here. But sometime the produce we offer is organically grown. It depends on the season and the prices of course.
Student: That’s good to know. I like the fact that organic farms don’t use chemical pesticides or anything that can pollute the soil or the water.
Director: I do too. But let me ask you this. Is it better to buy locally grown produce that is not certified as organic or is it better to get organically grown fruits and vegetables that must be trucked in from California, three thousand mile away? What about fossil fuels burned by the trucks’ engine. Plus the expense of shipping food across long distances.And nutritionally speaking, an apple is an apple however it is grown.
Student: I see your point. It is not so clear-cut.
Director: Why don’t you visit our cafeteria’s website? We list all our food suppliers. You know, where we buy the food that we serve. And the site also suggests ways to make your overall diet a healthy one. You can also find some charts listing fat and calorie content for different types of seafood, meat and the other major food groups.
Student: I didn’t realize you thought about all these things so carefully, I just noticed the high-calorie food in the cafeteria.
Director: Well, we have to give choices so everyone is satisfied. But if you wish to pursue this further, I suggest that you talk to my boss.
Student: That’s OK, seems like you are doing what you can.
托福TPO19听力Conversation2题目
1.What is the conversation mainly about?
A. Changes that will be made in food choices offered to students.
B. Food-safety procedures followed by the cafeteria staff.
C. Issues related to the cafeteria's food policy.
D. Common complaints about the food served in the cafeteria
2.According to the woman,how did some students react to the change in frying oil used in the cafeteria?
A. They said the change made the food less tasty.
B. They said the change made the food less oily.
C. They asked for information about the new oil.。
TPO19 听力试题
TPO-19Section 11.Why does the man go to see the professor?A.To ask for help in choosing a topic for his term paperB.To ask the professor to explain how to complete an assignmentC.To ask about a point raised in a recent lectureD.To offer to help the professor with her research project2.Why does the professor mention male frogs that lower their voices?A.To give an example of a behavior that can be predicted using gametheoryB.To reinforce the definition of "selective adaptation"C.To give an example of deceptive behavior in animalsD.To compare the behavior of butterflies and frogs3.Why does the professor talk about computers?A.To help the man understand game theoryB.To describe how biologists analyze data about adaptationC.To suggest a way for the man to find information about game theoryD.To explain the format required for the man's term paper4. What does the man need to do for his term paper?A.Interpret the statistical data in a journal articleB.Summarize the information in several published studiesC.Discuss a current controversy in biological researchD.Design an experiment that uses game theory5. The man expresses reservations about the suggested topic for his term paper. What is the professor's attitude toward the man's reservations?A.She thinks the man has demonstrated the necessary background instatistics.B.She thinks the man should choose a topic he is more comfortable withC.She thinks the man should ask another student to help himunderstand the statistics.D.She thinks the man's worries are unnecessary6. What does the professor mainly discuss?A.Some characteristics that are common in several languagesB.A way to represent languages that are genetically relatedC.Which languages probably evolved from Proto-Indo-EuropeanD.Linguists' opinions about why languages change over time7. What point does the professor make when she says that some languages have similar-sounding words'?A.Most languages with similar-sounding words seem related but are not.B.Eighteenth-century scholars reached an inaccurate conclusion aboutancient languagesC.There is limited information available about how ancient languagessoundedD.There is more than one possible explanation for similarities amonglanguages.8．What does the professor say was an important discovery in linguistics?A.Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin had the same parent languageB.Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin borrowed words from each otherC.Proto-Indo-European was not a real language.D.Most languages have several sister languages.9. Based on the discussion, what information can be shown on a tree model?A.That several languages share a common ancestorB.Whether a language is in the process of dying outC.When a certain language came into existenceD.Why sister languages exist in the same geographical area10. Why does the professor mention variation within a language?A.To reinforce a point she made about Proto-Indo-EuropeanB.To explain the original purpose of the tree modelC.To point out information that the tree model does not showD.To explain why tree models have become overly complicated 11．What can be inferred about the professor when she says thisA.She is not sure what causes languages to change.B.She does not think that languages change quickly.C.She thinks a fact she just mentioned about language might be hard tobelieve.D.She thinks languages evolved differently in the past than they do now.12. What is the lecture mainly about?A.Recent advances in technology used by astronomersB.How radio astronomy has led to advances in communicationtechnologyC.Important discoveries made by radio astronomersD.Difficulties astronomers have in observing the universe13．What is the professor's attitude about light pollution in cities?A.He feels that it should be carefully regulated.B.He believes it is unfortunateC.He thinks astronomers have not done enough to address the issue.D.He believes that the severity of the problem is often exaggerated.14. According to the professor, why are radio waves particularly useful for astronomical observations?Click on 2 answersA.Some astronomical bodies emit radio waves but not visible light.B.Radio waves provide more information about star composition thanvisible light waves doC.Radio waves can be detected with simple equipmentD.Radio waves can pass through particles in space.15. What does the professor imply is an advantage of optical astronomy over radio astronomy?A.It allows for more precise observations.B.It is better for making observations within our own galaxy.C.It requires less sophisticated equipmentD.It is not affected by the weather16．According to the professor, why do radio astronomers sometimes have difficulty studying very distant objects?Click on 2 answersA.Signals from closer objects interfere with radio waves from spaceB.Particles in the atmosphere change the direction of radio waves.C.Radio waves from space are not very strongD.Light waves from sources on Earth alter radio waves from distantobjects.17. What does the professor mean when he says this:A.He wants to emphasize the progress that has been made in radioastronomy.B.He thinks radio astronomy and optical astronomy both providevaluable information.C.He does not want to spend time discussing the technology of radiotelescopes.D.He would like the students to give examples of discoveries made withradio telescopes.Section 21.What is the conversation mainly about?A.Changes that will be made in food choices offered to studentsB.Food-safety procedures followed by the cafeteria staffC.Issues related to the cafeteria's food policymon complaints about the food served in the cafeteria2. According to the woman, how did some students react to the change in frying oil used in the cafeteria?A.They said the change made the food less tasty.B.They said the change made the food less oily.C.They asked for information about the new oil.D.They stopped buying fried foods.3. What does the woman imply about organically grown food?Click on 2 answersA.It is not always the best choice for the environmentsB.It is more nutritious than food that is not organically grownC.It is difficult to obtain from local farms regularly.D.It is served in the cafeteria almost every day.4. According to the woman, what information can be found on the cafeteria's Web site?Click on 3 answersA.Requirements for food to be certified as organicrmation on where the cafeteria food comes fromC. A list of the food choices offered to students for each mealD.The nutritional content of specific foods5. What does the man mean when he says this?A.He wants to make an appointment to talk to the woman's bossB.He is satisfied with the information he has receivedC.He is upset because he is being sent somewhere else.D.He is glad the woman has promised to address his concerns.6. What is the lecture mainly about?A.The effect of the tidal flow on the salt marshB.Ways that some plants have adapted to living in salt marshesC.The process of osmosis in plantsD.Differences between plants that grow in salt marshes and plants thatgrow elsewhere7. What is one result of reverse osmosis in the spartina?A.Salt from seawater strengthens the plant's cells.B.All parts of the plant are able to receive oxygen.C.Salt evaporates off the stems and leaves of the plant.D.Water is unable to move across the plant cell walls.8. Why does the professor mention reddish mud on the roots of a spartina?A.To illustrate the high density of salt-marsh soilB.To explain how spartina rhizomes move through the soilC.To point out the problems spartinas face in getting fresh waterD.To provide evidence that oxygen is present in the spartina s roots9. In what way are rhizomes important for spartinas?A.They allow plants to remain cool in direct sunlight.B.They reduce the possibility of plants being uprooted during storms.C.They help plants in dense soil process oxygen.D.They reduce the concentration of salt in the surrounding seawater.10. What can be inferred about the process that prevents spartinas from breaking in violent storms?A.It is the same process that helps them survive being immersed insaltwater.B.The process is also responsible for causing their air tubes to form.C.The process sometimes damages their rhizomes.D.Many other plants have developed a similar process.11. Why does the professor say this:A.To point out an incorrect conclusionB.To clarify the meaning of a termC.To admit that there is little evidence of the phenomenon she justdescribedD.To emphasize the difference between a fact and an opinion12. What is the purpose of the discussion?A.To compare the portrayal of different subjects in Cecilia Beaux'sportraitsB.To examine the influence of women artists in the nineteenth centuryC.To explain how The Dreamer differs from Impressionist artD.To demonstrate how Cecilia Beaux's point of view is reflected in herart13. What evidence does the professor cite to illustrate Cecilia Beaux's reputation as an artist?Click on 2 answersA.The instructors that she studied art withB.Her role in professional art organizationsC.Her connection with an important politician's familyD.The features of her work that the Impressionists imitated14. What do the speakers say about Cecilia Beaux's use of contrasting colors in The Dreamer?A.The technique was unusual in portraits of the period.B.The technique was used by an artist that she respected.C.Several modern artists copied the technique.D.The function of the technique is to unify several parts of the painting.15. What point do the speakers make about the background of The Dreamer?A.It is a good example of Beaux's unusual style of brushstroke.B.resembles the backgrounds of other Beaux portraits.C.Its lack of clarity emphasizes the theme of the painting.D.It is meant to suggest that the woman is in a dark room.16. Based on the discussion, what is the professor's attitude toward portraiture?A.The artist's technical skill is the most important aspect of a portrait.B.An artist is seldom able to create an exact likeness of a subject.C. A good portrait portrays the subject in an informal setting.D. A good portrait portrays more than a physical image.17. Why does the professor mention the French Impressionists?A.To identify other artists who often painted women and childrenB.To point out one of the influences on Cecilia Beaux's workC.To question the importance of Impressionism in portraitureD.To contrast their view of art with Cecilia Beaux's vision。
托福听力tpo66 section2 对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo66section2对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文Conversation2 (1)原文 (1)题目 (3)答案 (4)译文 (4)Lecture2 (6)原文 (6)题目 (8)答案 (10)译文 (10)Lecture3 (12)原文 (12)题目 (14)答案 (16)译文 (16)Conversation2原文Employee:Hi,how can I help you?Student:Hi,my name's Arney.This is my first semester here,and I'm hoping you might be able to help me.See,I don't know how to put this.But I'm having some trouble managing my money.Employee:You mean you didn't pay your tuition bill?Student:No,I'm okay with the big stuff.I mean I have student loans that pay for most of the tuition,but it's the everyday things that add up.Employee:You mean like books，food,things like that.Student:My parents give me an allowance for that stuff,but it's just not enough.I've asked them to increase it,even a little,but they think I need to learn to manage on my own.Employee:Well,that's a really common problem with first year students.You'vecome to the right place.We have resources that can help.So,first question.Do you have a budget worked out of your spending?Student:Hmm,no,I don't.Employee:OK.I can send you a budget work sheet.It's a computer document.And it'll help you think through what your expenses are and where you can cut costs. You’ll be surprised at how much the little things add up.You know,if you spend$2on a cup of coffee each morning,that's almost$200a semester.Student:So...if I could make my own coffee,that would be great,but I can't,since I live in the dormitory.Employee:True.But that's just an example.I also have this other sheet with suggestions.It's just a list of money saving ideas,like buy used books instead of new ones,and buy a bike since that's cheaper than taking the bus or owning a car.Student:I'd love to get a bike.Then I could even get a job in town.Employee:If you're thinking about a job,we do have postings for jobs as well. They're on the bulletin board outside my office.Student:Yeah,I saw it on my way in,it's empty.Employee:Yes,the positions get filled pretty quickly.But new one's open up too.I can't guarantee anything,but if something becomes available,that's where you're going to find out about it.Student:Well,if I got a job,I certainly have a little more spending money that would show my parents I'm managing on my own.Employee:But what's your course load this semester?If you have more than four courses,you might want to work on your budget and monitor your spending,rather than get a job for now.Student:I have four courses,but one is biology,and there's a3-hour lab each week. So it's really like a fifth course.Employee:You ought to think about it then.Maybe try to work on your budget and spending for a month,and see how you're doing,if you're still strapped for cash,but you're keeping up with all your course work,then you could try to find a job.Student:Yeah,and maybe by then that bulletin board won't be empty.题目1.Why does the man go to the financial services office?A.He needs to apply for a loan.B.He needs to set up a tuition payment plan.C.He wants some assistance finding a job.D.He wants some assistance with controlling his spending.2.What does the man imply about his parents?A.They are worried about his financial situation.B.They are not willing to increase his allowance.C.They do not want him to get a job.D.They are unhappy that he did not tell them about his problem.3.Why does the woman mention the cost of a cup of coffee?A.To emphasize why the man should make his own coffeeB.To give an example of a price that will change over timeC.To point out the impact of small expenses on a budgetD.To describe one way she reduced her own food expenses4.What advice does the woman give the man?[Click on2answers.]A.To reduce his course load this semesterB.To pay more attention to his spending habitsC.To postpone looking for a jobD.To start taking public transportation5.Why does the woman say this:Employee:Yes,the positions get filled pretty quickly.But new one's open up too.I can't guarantee anything,but if something becomes available,that's where you're going to find out about it.A.To let the man know she is annoyed with his questionsB.To emphasize the need to apply for a job early in the semesterC.To encourage the man to keep checking the bulletin boardD.To suggest it may not be possible to work on campus next semester答案D B C BC C译文1.工作人员:嗨，有什么我可以帮你的吗?2.学生:嗨，我叫Arney。
托福TPO26听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO26听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO26听力Conversation2文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and her biology professor． Professor: Hi, Jean．How was the…uh, the conference, right? The conference on volunteerism? That’s where you were last week． Student: Yeah. It was great. I met a lot of people from some really amazing organizations that are working in the area．Now it would be a lot easier to get students to volunteer in the community．Plus, I’ve never been to any of the beaches here before．Being at the beach was definitely a plus． Professor: Well, I hope you had time to look over the notes from the class you missed．You did get the notes, right? Student: Yup．I’II look them over before tomorrow’s class． Professor: Good．And let me know if you have any questions. Student: Well, there is something that I wanted to ask you now．It’s about something I noticed at the beach． Professor: Oh, what’s that? Student: Well, see, there are a lot of jellyfish there, floating in the water. Professor: That couldn’t have been pleasant. Student: Not for swimming. But it was interesting. I mean, the jellyfish were glowing．I swear they were．And I am wondering what that’s about． Professor: Ah, glowing jellyfish．That is interesting. Uh, it’s called bioluminescence．And actually we are going to talk about it later in the semester．Basically, bioluminescence is light that’s produced by a chemical reaction. Student: Really? Inside the jellyfish? Professor: Well, not all jellyfish, about half of them．Actually, a lot of marine organisms have this ability, especially in deeper parts of the ocean． Student: Oh? I get it. Like the darker it gets, the more the fish needs light, right? Professor: Well．bioluminescence serves a number of functions．Most aquatic organisms use it for communication and for attracting prey．But jellyfish usually use it as a defense against predators．Some jellyfish produce bright flashes of light that confuse predators, to, uh, to startle them．But jellyfish closer to the surface, probably like the jellyfish you saw, they use bioluminescence to hide．The light they produce matches the color of the dim sunlight, so they blend in, and, uh, and predators can’t see them． Student: Wow, really? Well, I am looking for a topic for my term paper ,so maybe I could do it on these glowing jellyfish．That’s why I wanted to ask you about them, you know, to find out if there was really something to write about． Professor: It’s a great topic．But you’II have to make sure the topic is manageable．Like I said, about half of all jellyfish are bioluminescent, so you may want to look at a particular type of jellyfish or several types that benefit from bioluminescence in the same way, or you could investigate current research on bioluminescence, on, on the chemical process, or…Here’s an idea．You seem to be very involved in local issues．See if you can identify the jellyfish you observed on the beach and how they fit into the local ecosystem． Student: Yeah, you know, some of the environmental groups I met last week might even be able to help me． 托福TPO26听力Conversation2题目 1.Why does the student go to see the professor? A. To obtain notes from a class she missed. B. To discuss a conference she attended. C. To ask about a possible topic for a research paper. D. To clarify information about volunteering in the community. 2.What does the student say about the conference she attended? A. It will help convince students to get involved in the community. B. It taught her a lot about marine ecosystems.。
托福听力tpo45 section2 对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo45section2对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文Conversation2 (2)原文 (2)题目 (4)答案 (5)译文 (6)Lecture3 (7)原文 (7)题目 (10)答案 (12)译文 (12)Lecture4 (14)原文 (14)题目 (17)答案 (19)译文 (19)Conversation2原文NARRATOR:Listen to a conversation between a student and her economics professor.MALE PROFESSOR:Excellent presentation you made at the end of class yesterday!FEMALE STUDENT:Oh,thanks!MALE PROFESSOR:I'm so glad you volunteered to present first.Starting out by outlining what you were going to say,then,at the end,summarizing the key points—it was a very effective way of getting your points across.FEMALE STUDENT:I'm glad you think so.I was afraid it might come across as…too formal.MALE PROFESSOR:Not at all.In fact,I think it's a great approach,in general,for these presentations,so I hope the others were taking note.And the economic model you discussed—build-operate-transfer—I think everyone was quite interested.FEMALE STUDENT:Yeah,it makes so much sense.If governments allow private companies to build public works,like a power plant,and then operate it for a decade or two before transferring ownership to the government,everyone benefits.MALE PROFESSOR:Yes,the private companies make a profit,the public gets a needed infrastructure.FEMALE STUDENT:And all without the government having to spend any money up front.Which is amazing.MALE PROFESSOR:Right.FEMALE STUDENT:Anyway…as I said in my presentation,this model's being used in Turkey right now,and you said,when you handed out that brochure in class last week—about the university's Global Enrichment Initiative,you said one of the countries involved in that is Turkey.MALE PROFESSOR:Yes,that’s right.FEMALE STUDENT:So,I wanted to see if there's a chance…uh,the university sends fifteen students overseas to study?MALE PROFESSOR:Fifteen students per country—fifteen for Turkey,fifteen for Brazil, fifteen for Russia…We’ve got a total of six countries participating next summer.FEMALE STUDENT:Oh!MALE PROFESSOR:Yeah,and you spend six weeks in whichever country you’re selected for.The classroom component consists of seminars on that country's culture, politics,and economy.Most sessions are taught in English by local professors,but two of our faculty accompany each group and also give seminars.I'll be going to Brazil to teach a seminar on coffee next summer.FEMALE STUDENT:But you're an economist!MALE PROFESSOR:Coffee’s played a central role in Brazil's economic development for over200years.About a third of the coffee consumed worldwide is produced in Brazil.FEMALE STUDENT:Oh,I had no idea.Hmm.So,if I applied…I mean,can students pick the country they wanna go to?'Cause if I could go to Turkey…MALE PROFESSOR:Well,the primary goal of the Global Enrichment Initiative is simply cultural exchange…so students who’ve never been overseas before can broaden their perspective.This is why,on the application,you’re asked to indicate your first-,second-,and third-choice countries.FEMALE STUDENT:I’m only interested in Turkey,though.I'm studying both Turkish and Turkish history this term.MALE PROFESSOR:I see.FEMALE STUDENT:And,maybe I could learn more about how they're implementing the build-operate-transfer model there.Plus,I wouldn't wanna take a spot away fromsomeone who really wanted to go to one of the other countries.MALE PROFESSOR:Well,I guess you could leave the second and third choices blank…题目1.Why does the woman go to see the professor?A.To get suggestions about what to include in her next presentationB.To follow up on a question she had raised in classC.To update him on a research project she is helping him organizeD.To get information about a program that he had mentioned in class2.What do the speakers agree is a benefit of the build-operate-transfer economic model that they discuss?A.It permits government engineers to work on private construction projectsB.It helps private companies buy facilities that were built by the governmentC.It enables public facilities to be constructed without government funding.D.It enables private companies to operate public facilities that the government builds.3.Why does the professor point out how much coffee is produced in Brazil?A.To give an example of the economic model the woman is interested inB.To explain why it is appropriate for him to teach a seminar about coffeeC.To help clarify one of the goals of the Global Enrichment InitiativeD.To correct a common misperception about Brazil's economy4.Why is the woman interested in applying to go only to Turkey?[Click on2answers]A.She has been studying Turkey's history and language.B.She has already visited Brazil and Russia.C.She believes that selecting just one country will help her get accepted into the program.D.She would like to see how an economic model she studied is put into practice there.5.What does the professor imply when he says this:(PROFESSOR)I'm so glad you volunteered to present first!A.He thinks that going first helped the woman be less nervous about giving a presentation.B.He hopes other students will structure their presentations the way the woman did.C.The woman was the first student ever to give a presentation on Turkey's economy in his class.D.He is relieved that the class is staying on schedule for making presentations.答案D C B AD B译文旁白：听一段学生和她的经济学教授之间的对话。
2021年托福听力模拟试题及答案(卷十九)
2021年托福听力模拟试题及答案（卷十九）1. The confusion and congestion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that, during the years of these cumbersome arrangements, private letter-carrying and express businesses developed.The word "cumbersome" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) burdensome(B) handsome(C) loathsome(D) quarrelsome2. But this delivery service was at first confined to cities, and free home delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a town had to have 10,000 people to be eligible for free home delivery.The word "Confined" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) granted(B) scheduled(C) limited(D) recommended3. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, asscientists, how people behaved.The word "framed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(B) read(C) avoided(D) posed4. In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area.The word "supposedly" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ruthlessly(B) tightly(C) barely(D) seemingly5. And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.The word "sanitation" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) city(B) housing(C) health(D) trade6. When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the Center of the Earth in1864, there were many conflicting theories about the nature of the Earth's interior. Some geologists thought that it contained a highly compressed ball of incandescent gas, while others suspected that it consisted of separate shells, each made of a different material.The word "conflicting" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) controlling(B) outdated(C) opposing(D) important7. Beyond a depth of around 2,900 kilometers, a great change takes place and the mantle gives way to the core.< Some seismic waves cannot pass through the core and others are bent by it. From this and other evidence, geologists conclude that the outer core is probably liquid, with a solid center. It is almost certainly made of iron, mixed with smaller amount of other elements such as nickel.The phrase "gives way to" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) runs along(B) rubs against(C) turns into(D) floats on8. Although scientists can speculate about its nature, neitherhumans nor machines will ever be able to visit it.The word "speculate" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) report(B) learn(C) worry(D) hypothesize9. Farmers could get better prices for their crops if the alternative existed of sending them directly eastward to market, and merchants could sell larger quantities of their manufactured goods if these could be transported more directly and more economically to the west.The word "alternative" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) option(B) transition(C) intention(D) authorization10. The distance was more than 350 miles, and there were ridges to cross and a wilderness of woods and swamps to penetrate.The word "penetrate" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) cut down(B) go through(C) fill up(D) take over11. The range of the New York canal system was still further extended when the states of Ohio and Indiana, inspired by the success of the Erie Canal, provided water connections between Lake Erie and the Ohio River.The word "extended" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) increased(B) constructed(C) deepened(D) measured12. The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans had trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the "Great American Desert" to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant.The word "barren" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) lonely(B) dangerous(C) uncomfortable(D) infertile13. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed.The word "preferred" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ordinary(B) available(C) required(D) favored14. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems.The word "hard" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) firm(B) severe(C) difficult(D) bitter15. Nevertheless, most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.The word "divergence" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) description(B) development(C) difference(D) display16. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent areaswas stone widely used in dwellings.The word "durable" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) attractive(B) expensive(C) refined(D) long-lastingThe word "dwelling" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) houses(B) towns(C) outbuildings(D) rural areas17. Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were made of plaster or wood, sometimes elaborately paneled.The word "elaborately" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) done in great detail(B) put together carefully(C) using many colors(D) reinforced structurally18. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People areengaged in education from infancy on.The word "chance" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unplanned(B) unusual(C) lengthy(D) lively19. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is should be an integral part of one's entire life.The word "integral" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) an equitable(B) a profitable(C) a pleasant(D) an essential20. For example, the edge of the Pacific Ocean has been called the "Ring of Fire" because so many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen there. Before the 1960's, geologists could not explain why active volcanoes and strong earthquakes were concentrated in that region.The word "concentrated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) allowed(B)clustered(C) exploded(D) strengthened21. In the United States in the early 1800's, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government. States chartered manufacturing, banking, mining, and transportation firms and participated in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes, and railroads.The word "effect" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) value(B) argument(C) influence(D) restraint22. The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct ways: first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvements; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit.The word "distinct" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) separate(B) innovative(C) alarming(D) provocative23. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer,including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by businesses.The word "setting" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) discussing(B) analyzing(C) establishing(D) avoiding24. Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation of western settlement and the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses of action.The word "ends" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) benefits(B) decisions(C) services(D) goals25. What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on mega fossils-relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals.The word "drastic" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) widespread(B) radical(C) progressive(D) risky26. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals.The word "extracted" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) located(B) preserved(C) removed(D) studied27. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter.The word "instances" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) methods(B) processes(C) cases(D) reasons28. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.The word "entombed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) crushed(B) trapped(C) produced(D) excavated29. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics --- whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans --- have always shown a marked taste for portraiture.The word "marked" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pronounced(B) fortunate(C) understandable(D) mysterious30. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an originalportrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional.The phrase "ushering in" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) beginning(B) demanding(C) publishing(D) increasingThe word "executed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) sold(B) requested(C) admired(D) created参考答案：1 A2 C3 D4 D5 C6 C7 C8 D9 A10 B11 A12 D13 D14 A15 C16 D A17 A18 A19 D20 B21 C22 A23 C24 D25 B26 C27 C28 B29 A30 A D1. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is supported.The word "supported" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) finished(B) adjusted(C) investigated(D) upheld支持维护2. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter.The phrase "forward-looking" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) progressive(B) popular(C) thrifty(D) well-established3. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.The word "rudimentary" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) growing(B) undeveloped(C) necessary(D) uninteresting4. Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole 唯一的purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to "foster, assistand sustain an interest" in literature, music, and art.The word "sole" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) only(B) honorable(C) common(D) official5. One award subsidizes a promising American writer's visit to Rome. There is even an award for a very good work of fiction that failed commercially-once won by the young John Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and, more recently, by Alice Walker for In Love and Trouble.The word "subsidizes" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) assures(B) finances(C) schedules(D) publishes6. Committee membership rotates every year, so that new voices and opinions are constantly heard.The word "rotates" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) alternates(B) participates(C) decides(D) meets7. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in tool making: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from hose flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker) .The word "implements" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) tools(B) designs(C) examples(D) pieces8. Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit.The word "clues" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) solutions(B) details(C) damage(D) information9. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right-or left-sided dominance is not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens.The word "hemispheres" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) differences(B) sides(C) activities(D) studies10. Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists.The phrase "subject to" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) susceptible to易受影响的(B) classified by(C) attractive to(D) strengthened by11. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae.刺穿The word "puncture" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pierce(B) pinch(C) surround(D) cover12. Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column.The word "fused" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced13. To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds.The word "lure" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) attract正确answer(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help14. Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed.The word "placed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) estimated(B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified15. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors.The word "discrete" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functional16. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood.The word "overtaxed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) well prepared(B) plentifully supplied(C) heavily burdened(D) charged too much17. Therefore, in the 1950's and 1960's, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the "custodial rhetoric" of the 1930's and early 1940's no longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.The word "inadequate" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) deficient不足的(B) expanded(C) innovative(D) specialized专业的专门的18. With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline.The word "inevitably" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unwillingly(B) impartially(C) irrationally(D) unavoidably19. Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in erodingtraditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.The word "lamented" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) complained about(B) analyzed(C) explained(D) reflected on20. One thinks of melodramas, boys' books, thrillers, romances, and the like rather than novels of the first rank.The phrase "first rank" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) largest category(B) highest quality(C) earliest writers(D) most difficult language21. These writers, who can genuinely be said to have created a genre, the "railroad novel," are now mostly forgotten, their names having faded from memory.The words "faded from" in line 21 are closest in meaning to(A) grew in(B) disappeared from(C) remained in(D) developed from22. The engine that became standard on western steamboats was ofa different and 新奇的novel design. It was the work primarily of an unsung hero of American industrial progress, Oliver Evans (1755-1819) .The word "novel" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) fictional虚构的(B) intricate错综复杂的(C) innovative(D) powerful23. The self-educated son of a Delaware farmer, Evans early became obsessed by the possibilities of mechanized production and steam power. As early as 1802 he was using a 不动的静止的stationary steam engine of high-pressure design in his mill. Engines of this type were not unknown, but before Evans they were generally considered impractical and dangerous.The word "stationary" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) single(B) fixed(C) locomotive移动的(D) modified24. In shallow western rivers the weight of vessel and engine was important; a heavy engine added to the problem of navigation.The word "vessel" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) fuel(B) crew(C) cargo(D) craft25. The key concepts emerged about 1957. Townes and Arthur Schawlow, then at Bell Telephone Laboratories, wrote a long paper outlining the conditions needed to amplify stimulated emission of visible light waves.The word "emerged" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) increased(B) concluded(C) succeeded(D) appeared26. On this perfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with inks, and then begin the deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (egg yolk in which pigments are suspended) with small brushes.The word "deliberate" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) decisive(B) careful(C) natural(D) unusual27. The quick-drying tempera demanded that the artist know exactly where each stroke be placed before the brush met the panel, and it required the use of fine brushes.The word "demanded" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ordered(B) reported(C) required(D) questioned28. The painter or master who is credited with having created the painting may have designed the work and overseen its production, but it is highly unlikely that the artist's hand applied every stroke of the brush. More likely, numerous assistants, who had been trained to imitate the artist's style, applied the paint.The word "imitate" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) copy(B) illustrate(C) promote(D) believe in29. On the other hand, when it comes to substantive-particularly behavioral-information, crows are less well known than many comparably common species and, for that matter, not a few quiteuncommon ones: the endangered California condor, to cite one obvious example. There are practical reasons for this.The word "comparably" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) interestingly(B) similarly(C) otherwise(D) sometimes30. Being so educable, individual birds have markedly different interests and inclinations, strategies and scams.The word "inclination" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) tricks(B) opportunities(C) preferences(D) experiences参考答案：1 D2 A3 B4 A5 B6 A7 A8 D9 B10 A11 A12 A13 A14 C15 B16 C17 A18 D19 A20 B21 B22 C23 B24 D25 D26 B27 C28 A29 B30 C。
【托福听力资料】托福TPO17听力文本——Conversation2
【托福听力资料】托福TPO17听力文本——Conversation2【托福听力资料】托福TPO17 听力文本——Conversation 2众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
TPO 17 Conversation 2Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and a food servicemanager.Student：Excuse me, Mrs. Hanson. My name is John, John Grant. I work as a waiter in the campus dining hall, in the faculty dining room.Manager：hat can I do for you, John?Student： Well, I work week nights, except for Friday. I was wondering if I could switch from working the dinner service to working at lunch.Manager：That’s going to be a problem. I am afraid we don’t have any openings at lunch time. A lot of students want to work then, so it is really rare for us to have an open spot at that time of day.Student：Oh, you see, I have joined this group, the University Jazz Band, andthe band’s practice time is right around dinner time. You know, it is so hard toget into this group, I must have auditioned like ten times since I have been at the school, so I am ... Anyway, so I was really hoping to have the dinner hour free so I can go to practice.Manager：Well, we do have other open times, like breakfast.Student：Eh, that won’t work, I am sorry. I mean that, Ican’t work thatearly. I have this very important music class I got to take, and it is like, first thing in the morning.Manager ：Well, if you don’t mind working in the kitchen, we’ve got some pretty flexible hours for students doing food-prep work, anything from early morning to late afternoon.Student ：What’s prep work?Manager ：You prepare food for the cooks. You know, like cutting up vegetables for soup, or cleaning greens for salads.Student ：Oh, that doesn’t sound, I mean... Being a waiter, I get to see a lot of the professors, like in a different light, we joke around a little you know. In the classroom, they always have to be pretty formal, but ...Manager：Well, the money is no different since we pay students the same amount for any of the jobs here in food service, so it’s up to you.Student ：Oh, man. I always thought that sacrificing for my art, that’d mean working long hours as a musician for, like, no money. I didn’t think it’d mean, peeling carrots.Manager ：Let me see, I am offering you something that has the hours you want, it is right here on campus, and you make as much money as you did being a waiter, quite a sacrifice.Student ：I am sorry, I know you are just trying to help. I guess I should look into the food-prep job.Manager ：Ok, then, I’ll tell the kitchen manager that you will stop bytomorrow to talk about the job and schedule your hours. And I will let the dining hall manager know that he needs to find a new waiter for the evening. Student ：Oh, ok, I g uess that’ s it. Thanks, Mrs. Hanson.。
托福TPO35听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO35听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO35听力Conversation2文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and his European History Professor. Professor: So I wanted to talk about your outline. I do like your topic: William, the conqueror, leading the Norman invasion of England. But I'm a little concerned about your source and the fact that you want to use it as the entire basis of your paper. Student: Really? The Bayeux tapestry? I thought it was pretty creative to use something that was made to hang on a wall as a source. And as far as I know it's the most important documentation of the invasion, a first-hand account, right? Professor: Well, you are right. It's considered a primary source. And at 70 meters long, the tapestry certainly is impressive. Imagine the time it took for those embroiderers to sew all those words and images to tell the story of the Norman forces sailing from France to England. So, yeah, it's an amazing artifact, but what’s problematic is that the tapestry is a very controversial source. Were you aware of this? Student: Well, I know some pieces of it were probably lost. Professor: It is incomplete, but... Student: But I also read that historians have relied on it to help interpret the events leading up to the invasion and the battle itself. Professor: Well, it has great historical value, no doubt, but in my opinion, there's a problem because...well...do you know who commissioned the tapestry? Student: It was a church official...um...the bishop of Bayeux, a city in France? Professor: Yes. And the bishop was also William the Conqueror's half-brother. Student: Oh! That I didn't know. But regardless of who commissioned it, isn't the fact that it was based on eye witness accounts the most important thing? I mean, it was made only 17 years after the battle. So plenty of eye witnesses were still alive. Professor: Yes, that's true. But the real point of the controversy isn't thebattle itself. It has to do with the reason for the battle: who was the rightful heir to the throne? Who would be the next king? And if William the Conqueror's brother is the one who's commissioned this tapestry... Student: Then he would be the one to decide which words and images would go on the tapestry and what would be left out. Professor:Exactly. So of course the tapestry shows why William should be the new king. Student:I guess I see your point. Embroiderers are just gonna do what they are told to do. Professor:You have to understand that the tapestry depicted an entire series of events as they were interpreted by the Normans, the victors of the battle. And that's a problem if you are trying to write objectively about the invasion, especially if you use it as your only source of information. After all, it's important for historians to examine an event from all sides. 托福TPO35听力Conversation2题目 1.Why does the professor want to talk to the student? A. To review material from a previous class. B. To recommend a resource for an assignment. C. To outline steps the student should take to complete his research. D. To discuss the student's plan for a paper. 2.What does the professor imply about the student's outline? A. It needs to have a clearer thesis. B. It needs to include specific examples. C. It needs to have information from additional sources. D. It needs to be better organized. 3.According to the student, why is the Bayeux Tapestry an important historical document?。
托福阅读TPO19（试题+答案+...
托福阅读TPO19(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:TheRomanArmy'sImpactonBritain托福TPO是托福备考小伙伴们最重要的参考资料，并且这个是在备考时候一定要认真多多练习，托福TPO是非常重要的希望大家一定要重视起来，小编为广大的托福考生整理了托福阅读TPO19(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:The Roman Army's Impact on Britain，下面就来跟小编一起来看下面精彩内容吧!托福阅读原文【1】In the wake of the Roman Empire's conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops had a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications, and participation in the local economy. Assessing the impact of the army on the civilian population starts from the realization that the soldiers were always unevenly distributed across the country. Areas rapidly incorporated into the empire were not long affected by the military. Where the army remained stationed, its presence was much more influential. The imposition of a military base involved the requisition of native lands for both the fort and the territory needed to feed and exercise the soldiers' animals. The imposition of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown. This then meant that the military had to remain to suppress rebellion and organize government.【2】 Economic exchange was clearly very important as the Roman army brought with it very substantial spending power. Locally a fort had two kinds of impact. Its large population needed food and other supplies. Some of these were certainlybrought from long distances, but demands were inevitably placed on the local area. Although goods could be requisitioned, they were usually paid for, and this probably stimulated changes in the local economy. When not campaigning, soldiers needed to be occupied; otherwise they represented a potentially dangerous source of friction and disloyalty. Hence a writing tablet dated 25 April tells of 343 men at one fort engaged on tasks like shoemaking, building a bathhouse, operating kilns, digging clay, and working lead. Such activities had a major effect on the local area, in particular with the construction of infrastructure such as roads, which improved access to remote areas.【3】 Each soldier received his pay, but in regions without a developed economy there was initially little on which it could be spent. The pool of excess cash rapidly stimulated a thriving economy outside fort gates. Some of the demand for the services and goods was no doubt fulfilled by people drawn from far afield, but some local people certainly became entwined in this new economy. There was informal marriage with soldiers, who until AD 197 were not legally entitled to wed, and whole new communities grew up near the forts. These settlements acted like small towns, becoming centers for the artisan and trading populations.【4】The army also provided a mean of personal advancement for auxiliary soldiers recruited from the native peoples, as a man obtained hereditary Roman citizenship on retirement after service in an auxiliary regiment. Such units recruited on an ad hoc (as needed) basis from the area in which they were stationed, and there was evidently large-scale recruitment within Britain. The total numbers were at least 12,500 men up to the reign of the emperor Hadrian (A.D. 117-138), witha peak around A.D. 80. Although a small proportion of the total population, this perhaps had a massive local impact when a large proportion of the young men were removed from an area. Newly raised regiments were normally transferred to another province from whence it was unlikely that individual recruits would ever return. Most units raised in Britain went elsewhere on the European continent, although one is recorded in Morocco. The reverse process brought young men to Britain, where many continued to live after their 20 to 25 years of service, and this added to the cosmopolitan Roman character of the frontier population. By the later Roman period, frontier garrisons (groups of soldiers) were only rarely transferred, service in units became effectively hereditary, and forts were no longer populated or maintained at full strength.【5】 This process of settling in as a community over several generations, combined with local recruitment, presumably accounts for the apparent stability of the British northern frontier in the later Roman period. It also explains why some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain, at the beginning of the fifth century A.D. The circumstances that had allowed natives to become Romanized also led the self-sustaining military community of the frontier area to become effectively British.托福阅读试题1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Many Roman soldiers remained in Britain after conquering it, and their presence had a strong influence.B.The new Roman province of Britain seemed to awaken in the first century A.D. as the local economy improved.C.Camps, fortifications, and economic change contributed to the Roman conquest of Britain.D.With the conquest of Britain by Roman troops, the Roman Empire gained considerable economic strength.2. According to paragraph 1, the Roman army had the most influence on those areas of Britain that wereA.conquered first.B.near population centers.ed as military bases.D.rapidly incorporated into the empire.3. According to paragraph 1, what effect did military occupation have on the local population?A.It encouraged more even distribution of the population and the settlement of previously undeveloped territory.B.It created discontent and made continuing military occupation necessary.C.It required local labor to construct forts and feed and exercise the soldiers’ animals.D.It provided local leaders with opportunities to participate in governance.4. The word “suppress” in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning toA.respond to.B.warn against.C.avoid the impact of.D.stop by force.5. The word “friction” in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning toA.rebellion.B.conflict.C.neglect.D.crime.6. The author mentions “343 men at one fort engaged on tasks like shoemaking, building a bathhouse, operating kilns, digging clay, and working lead”in paragraph 2 in order toA.describe the kinds of tasks soldiers were required to perform as punishment for disloyalty or misdeeds.B.illustrate some of the duties assigned to soldiers to keep them busy and well-behaved when not involved in military campaigns.C.provide evidence that Roman soldiers had a negative effect on the local area by performing jobs that had been performed by native workers.D.argue that the soldiers would have been better employed in the construction of infrastructure such as roads.7. The phrase “entitled to” in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning toA.given the right to.B.able to afford to.C.encouraged to.D.required to.8. According to paragraph 3, how did the soldiers meet their needs for goods and services?A.Their needs were met by the army, and all of their economic transactions took place within the fort.B.Most of their needs were met by traveling tradespeople who visit the forts.C.During their days off, soldiers traveled to distant towns tomake purchases.D.They bought what they needed from the artisans and traders in nearby towns.9. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of Britain’s auxiliary regiments of the Roman army?A.Membership in these regiments reached its highest point during the region of the emperor Hadrian.B.Most of the units recruited in Britain were sent to Morocco and other stations outside Europe.C.Soldiers served in the regiments for many years and after retirement generally stayed where they had been stationed.D.Most of the regiments stationed on the frontier were new units transferred from a neighboring province.10. According to paragraph 4, all of the following changes could be seen in the frontier garrisons by the later Roman period EXCEPT:A.Membership in the units passed from father to son.B.Fewer soldiers were stationed at the forts.C.Soldiers usually were not transferred to different locations.D.Frontier units became more effective and proficient.11. Why does the author mention that “some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain”in paragraph 5 ?A.To emphasize the degree to which the stability of the British northern frontier depended on firm military control.B.To suggest that the Romans continued to occupy Britain even after they had formally given up the right to do so.C.To support the claim that forts continued to serve an import economic function even after they ceased to be of any military use.D.To describe one of the things that resulted from frontier garrisons’ becoming part of the local community over a long period.12. The word “circumstances” in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning toA.experiences.munities.C.conditions.ws.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? One solution was to keep them busy as sources of labor.Paragraph 2: Economic exchange was clearly very important as the Roman army brought with it very substantial spending power. Locally a fort had two kinds of impact. Its large population needed food and other supplies. ■【A】Some of these were certainly brought from long distances, but demands were inevitably pla ced on the local area. ■【B】 Although goods could be requisitioned, they were usually paid for, and this probably stimulated changes in the local economy. ■【C】When not campaigning, soldiers needed to be occupied; otherwise they represented a potentially dangerous source of friction and disloyalty. ■【D】 Hence a writing tablet dated 25 April tells of 343 men at one fort engaged on tasks like shoemaking, building a bathhouse, operating kilns, digging clay, and working lead. Such activities had a major effect on the local area, in particular with the construction of infrastructure such as roads, which improved access to remote areas.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summaryof the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentence do not belong to the summary because they express ideas that are no presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Th e Roman army’s occupation of Britain influenced and changed the local population.A.Although the presence of the army in certain areas caused resentment among the local population, it provided important services such as building infrastructure.B.By recruiting unemployed young men for its auxiliary units, the army made it possible for them to stay in their home towns and provide financial support for their families.rge quantities of cash from soldiers’ pay stimulated development, but also drove up prices, making it hard for local residents to afford goods and services.D.Though the army appropriated land and some goods, it also paid for many supplies, stimulating local economic growth.E.The forts contributed to the quality of local crafts by bringing in artisans from distant places who brought with them new skills and techniques.F.Roman soldiers started families with local inhabitants, and over the generations, the military community became a stable part of British society.托福阅读答案1.原文in的部分是非主要成分，结构是军队呆在blabla，并且有影响，所以答案是A。
2021年托福听力模拟试题及答案(卷十九)
2021年托福听力模拟试题及答案（卷十九）1. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.The word "outstanding" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) extensive 广阔的规模大的(B) surprising(C) vertical垂直的(D) excellent2. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzamden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The word "site" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) example(B) location(C) development(D) characteristic3. The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnantichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.The phrase "account for " is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) record(B) describe(C) equal(D) explain4. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a至高权利supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.The words "a supremacy" in line 9 are closest in meaning to(A) a suggestion(B) an improvement(C) a dominance控制力(D) a development5. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of 无数的myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussivebrilliance.The word "myriad" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) noticeable(B) many(C) loud(D) unusual6. Each one was virtually a stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word for towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements. At least a dozen large stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico.The word "supreme" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) most common(B) most outstanding(C) most expensive(D) most convenient7. They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal lore to the younger generation.The word "settle" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) sink(B) decide(C) clarify(D) locate8. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending上升的cliff faces.The word "ascending" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) arriving at(B) carving(C) connecting(D) climbing9. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a 严肃的solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.The word "solemn" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) simple(B) serious(C) short(D) silent10. Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.The word "composed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) selected(B) combined(C) played(D) createdThe word "scores" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) totals(B) successes(C) musical compositions(D) groups of musicians11. The Earth 包括comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust.The word "comprises" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) adapts to(B) benefits from(C) consists of(D) focuses on12. These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense极端的deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.The word "intense" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) surface(B) sudden(C) rare(D) extreme13. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges.The word "margins" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) edges(B) peaks(C) interiors(D) distances14. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents,a rift is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates move in opposite directions.The word "support" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) separate(B) create(C) reduce(D) hold15. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.The word "appreciation" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ignorance(B) recognition(C) tolerance(D) forgiveness16. An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant, most-distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues.The word "bias" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) concern(B) disadvantage(C) attitude(D) prejudice17. The prevailing winds in the Great Basin are from the west. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the Sierra Nevada.(A) most frequent(B) occasional(C) gentle(D) most dangerous18. There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years when water accumulated in these basins. The rise and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern part of the North American continent during those times.The word "accumulated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) dried(B) flooded(C) collected(D) evaporated浓缩的脱水的19. All living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?(A) odd奇怪的(B) marine(C) simple(D) rare20. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.The phrase "casts off" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) grows again(B) grabs(C) gets rid of(D) uses as a weapon21. A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is 同性质的homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals.The word "homogeneous" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) uniform正确答案(B) general(C) primitive(D) traditional22. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo-America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age.The phrase "largely renounces" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) generally rejects放弃拒绝(B) greatly modifies修改(C) loudly declares(D) often criticizes23. Secular institutions, of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails.劝说流行占优势获胜Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk".The word "prevails" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) dominates统治(B) provides(C) develops(D) invests24. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle微妙的细微的atmospheric changes that precede these storms.The word "subtle" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) complex(B) regular(C) imagined(D) slight25. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information.The word "compile" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) put together(B) look up(C) pile堆high(D) work over检查研究重做毒打26. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly.The word "raw" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) stormy(B) inaccurate(C) uncooked(D) unprocessed未经加工的原始的27. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos.The word "Prospect" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) regret(B) possibility(C) theory(D) circumstance28. Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth centuries. As the population grew, its makeup also changed.The word "roughly" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) harshly 粗糙的(B) surprisingly(C) slowly(D) approximately29. Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home.The word "magnify" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) solve(B) explain(C) analyze(D) increase30.The word "distinctions" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) differences(B) classes(C) accomplishments(D) characteristics参考答案：1 D2 B3 D4 C5 B6 B7 C8 D9 B10 D C11 C12 D13 A14 D15 B16 D17 A18 C19 A20 C21 A22 A23 A24 D25 A26 D27 B28 D29 D A30 A1. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women.The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive2. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) valued(B) universal(C) uncommon(D) preserved3. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) surpassed(B) inclined(C) expressed(D) applied4. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records(B) speeds(C) distances(D) periods5. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes.The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pushing(B) releasing(C) strengthening(D) draining6. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With thecontinued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle.The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) drop(B) extend(C) melt(D) drift7. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members.The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) necessary(B) typical(C) group(D) particular8. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.The word "resolve" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) avoid repeating(B) talk about(C) avoid thinking about(D) find a solution for9. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site.The word "noticed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) predicted(B) announced(C) corrected(D) observed10. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses.The word "tangled" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) buried beneath(B) twisted together(C) quickly formed(D) easily dated11. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust.The word "concealed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) highlighted(B) covered(C) transformed(D) contaminated12. The ocean bottom --- a region nearly 2. 5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth --- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted, until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep.The word "inaccessible" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unrecognizable(B) unreachable(C) unusable(D) unsafe13. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) breaking(B) locating(C) removing(D) analyzing14. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.The word "strength" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) basis(B) purpose(C) discovery(D) endurance15. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.The word "surging" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) new(B) extra(C) accelerating(D) surprising16. When the prairies were being settled, undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950's supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families.The word "trend" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) tendency(B) aim(C) growth(D) directive17. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25 years.The word "peak" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pointed(B) dismal(C) mountain(D) maximum18. Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase the first half of the 1960's was only nine percent) , another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) behind(B) since(C) during(D) preceding19. Advocates of organic foods --- a term whose meaning varies greatly --- frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.The word "Advocates" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) Proponents(B) Merchants(C) Inspectors(D) Consumers20. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.The word "unsubstantiated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unbelievable(B) uncontested(C) unpopular(D) unverified21. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regularfood supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.The word "maintain" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) improve(B) monitor(C) preserve(D) restore22. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.The word "considerable" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) thoughtful(B) substantial(C) relational(D) ceremonial23. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.The word "enactment" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) establishment(B) performance(C) authorization(D) season难以置信的24. Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) specialized(B) confusing(C) various(D) overwhelming 巨大的25. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) developing(B) ruined(C) complicated(D) fragile26. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.The word "demonstrated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ignored(B) showed(C) disguised伪装(D) distinguished27. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.The word "extend" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) stretch伸展延伸(B) branch(C) increase(D) rotate旋转28. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era.The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) large(B) basic(C) new(D) urban29. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas.The word "sparked" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) brought about(B) surrounded(C) sent out(D) followed30. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six million people.The word "potential" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) certain(B) popular(C) improved(D) possible参考答案：1 A2 A3 A4 D5 B6 A7 C8 D9 D10 B 11 B12 B13 C14 A15 C16 A17 D18 D19 A20 D 21 C22 B23 B24 D25 B26 B27 A28 A29 A30 D。
托福听力TPO19原文 Lecture2
托福听力TPO19原文Lecture2下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO19原文中Lecture2的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，同时，大家也可以登录前程百利论坛进行TPO练习辅导，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。
TPO19Lecture2AstronomyProfessor：So how many of you have seen the Milky Way,the Milky Galaxy in the sky? You,you have?Student：Yeah,I was camping,and there was no moon that night,it was super dark.Professor：Anybody else?Not too many.Isn’t that strange that the Milky Way is the galaxy that the planet earth is in,and most of us have never seen it?Now,what’s the problem here?Student：Light pollution,right?From street lights and stuff...Professor：Yes,Especially unshielded street light,you know,ones that aren’t pointed downward.Now,here’s an irony,the buiding we are in now,the astronomy building not far from our observatory,has unshielded lights.Student：So the problem is pretty widespread.Professor：It is basically beyond control,as far as expecting to view the night sky anywhere near city,I mean.I have lived around here my whole life.And I have never seen the Milky Way within city limits,and I probably never will.There is a price for progress, eh?But let’s think beyond light pullution,that’s only one kind of a technological advance that has interfered with astronomical research.Can anyone think of another?No?Ok,let’s look at it this way,we don’t only gain information by looking at the stars,for the past70years or so,we have also used radio astronomy1,which lets us study radio waves from the sky.Student：How can you observe radio waves?I mean,tell anything about the stars from that.Professor：Well,in optical astronomy,using a telescope and observing the stars that way,we rely on visible light waves.What we are seeing from earth is actually electromagnetic radiation that’s coming from stars.And just one part of it is visible light.But there are problems with that.When photons2and light waves hit objects in our atmosphere,water droplets,oxygen and nitrogen molecules,dust particles and so on.These objects are illuminated,they are lit up,and those things are also being lit by all our street lights,by the moon,all these ambient light.And on top of that,when that visible radiation bounces off those molecules,it scatters in all directions.And well,light from stars,even nearby in our own galaxy,doesn’t stand a chance against that.Basically the light bouncing off all these objects close to earth is brighter than what’s coming from the stars.Now,radiowaves are electromagnetic radiation that we can’t see.Nearly all astronomical objects in space emit radio waves,whether nearby stars,objects in far away galaxies,they all give off radio waves.And unlike visible light waves,these radio waves can get through the various gases and dusts in space,and through our own earth’s atmosphere comparatively easily.Student：Ok,then we might as well give up on optical astronomy and go with radio astronomy.Professor：Well,the thing is,with the radio astronomy,you can’t just set up a telescope in you backyard and observe stars.One problem is that radio waves from these far away objects, even though they can get through,are extremely faint.So we need to use radio telescopes, specially designed to receive these waves and then,well,we can use computers to create pictures based on the information we receive.Student：That sounds cool.So,how do they do that?Professor：Well,it is kind of like the same way a satellite dish3.receives its signal, if you are familiar with that.But radio telescopes are sometimes grouped together,is the same effect as having one big telescope to increase radio wave gathering power.And they use electronics,quite sophisticated.Yeah,it is neat how they do it,but for now why don’t we just stick with what we can learn from it.Some very important discoveries have been made by this technology,especially you consider that some objects in space give off radiowaves but don’t emit any light.We trouble discovering those sorts of bodies,much less studying them using just optical telescopes.Student：Well,If the radio waves are so good at getting throught the universe,what’s the problem?Professor：Well,answer this.How come people have to turn off their cell phones and all our electronic devices when an airplane is about to take off?Student：The phones interfere with the radio communication at the airport,right?Student：Oh,so our radio waves here on earth interfere with the waves from space?Professor：Yes,signal from radios,cell phones,TV stations,remote controls,you name it.All these things cause interference.We don’t think about that as often as we think about light pollution.But all those electrical gauges pollute the skies,just in a differen way.教授：嗯，你们中有多少人注意过银河系，观测过它的天象?你，你看过?学生：是的，教授。