中国文化概况 Chapter 7
中国文化概况第六、七章和结语笔记
第六章科技文化一、天文历法中国古代天文学的主要研究内容是历法编制和天象观测。
历法编制包括计算朔望、二十四节气和安置闰月等编撰历书的工作以及日月食和行星位置的计算等一系列问题。
天象观测包括天象观测的方法、仪器和记录。
（一）中国古代天文历法概览1，干支计时十天干：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸十二地支：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥2，朔、望、晦每月的第一天叫做“朔”大月十六、小月十五叫做“望”每月的最后一天叫做“晦”3，二十八宿东方苍龙七宿：角、亢、氐、房、心、尾、箕北方玄武七宿：斗、牛、女、虚、危、室、壁西方白虎七宿：奎、娄、胃、昴、毕、觜、参南方朱雀七宿：井、鬼、柳、星、张、翼、轸4，二十四节气二十四节气是根据太阳在黄道上的不同位置而定的。
5，三正夏历以后世通常所说的农历正月为岁首，殷历以夏历的十二月为岁首，周历以夏历的十一月为岁首。
子曰：“行夏之时。
”（《论语·卫灵公》）天文历法书籍先秦《夏小正》秦《颛顼历》汉《太初历》三国·魏《景初历》南朝《大明历》隋《大业历》《皇极历》唐《麟德历》《大衍历》元《授时历》明《崇祯历书》清《时宪历》天文仪器先秦土圭汉•张衡浑天仪魏晋南北朝•葛衡浑天象唐•李淳风浑天黄道仪唐•僧一行、粱令瓒黄道游仪宋•苏颂、韩公廉水运仪象台浑天象元• 简仪、仰仪元•郭守敬大明殿灯漏（二）中国古代天文学理论1，关于宇宙本原的思想·五行说·元气说2，关于宇宙结构的学说盖天说浑天说宣夜说3，关于宇宙无限性的辩证论述宇：空间宙：时间（三）中国古代天文学的特征1，中国古代的天象记录是当时世界上最丰富，最有系统的。
日食月食、日珥、流星雨、哈雷彗星、太阳黑子、新星（客星）、超新星、蟹状星云、行星、恒星……2、历法的编纂带动天文学的发展，以阴阳合历为传统，并与农业关系密切。
3，中国古代天文学明显的官办色彩，与占星术密切相关。
二、传统医学（一）中国传统医药概览1，砭石与灸法砭石是原始人类最初使用的医疗工具灸法产生于火的发现和使用之后。
中国文化概况
Shadow boxing ➢ A school of Chinese popular martial arts marked for slow and gentle movements that are designed for defense, strengthening of physique and prevention of diseases.
中国文化概况
中国文化概况
Traditional Physical Activities
Martial arts (Wushu 武术) Distinguished Chinese Martial Arts
中国文化概况
Martial arts
Wushu is also called Kong fu. According to the
formation of Chinese characters, 武 (wu) is made up of 止 and 戈. The former means “stop” while the later means “dagger-axe” or “any kind of weapon”. The combination of the two means stopping martial actions. With 术 (shu), which means strategies, together, the term means “using methods and skills to stop martial actions and activities”. Another meaning of this word is the martial activities between two people or two groups with the weapons.
中国文化概况原文翻译
中国文化概况原文翻译《中国文化概况》是一部书籍，是从文化角度架起一座沟通中西的桥梁。
下面小编为大家整理了中国文化概况原文翻译，希望能帮到大家！一、The constitution of the people’s republic of china is the fundamental law of the state.中华人民共和国宪法是中国的根本法。
The NPC is the highest organ of state power. Local people’s congresses are local organs of state power. The standing committee of the NPC is the permanent organ of the NPC. The term of office of the NPC and its standing committee is 5 years. The NPC and its standing committee are empowered with the rights of legislation, decision, supervision, election and removal.全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关。
地方各级人民代表大会是地方权力机关。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会是全国人大的常设机关。
全国人大及其常委会任期是五年。
全国人大及其常委会有立法，决策，监督，选举和罢免的权力。
The communist party is the sole party in power in china. Apart from it, there are eight democratic parties in china. Multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC is the basic political system in china.共产党是中国唯一的执政党。
中华文化概况 7
Chinese Chopsticks
• In remote ages----branches, bamboo or natural animal bones. • Later-- scraped bamboo or wood • during the Xia and Shang dynasties-- Ivory and jade chopsticks appeared • during the Spring and Autumn Period-- bronze and iron chopsticks emerged • the Han Dynasty-- Laquer chopsticks appeared • Later-- silver and gold chopsticks were made • the ones made with rhinoceros horns, jade or ebony inlaid with gold were the rarest
Chinese Chopsticks
Chinese Chopsticks
• a wonder of Chinese dining utensils--- a food picking utensil made of bamboo or wood, is widely used by the Hans and some minority ethnic groups. • a history of thousands of years • In ancient China, they were called zhu • fully displayed the dexterity and intelligence of the Chinese people
中国文化概况A-Glimpse-of-Chinese-Culture(修订版)Chapter-8
Features of Chinese Food
Yin-yang Principle Each food has its own characteristics of yin or yang. Yin foods : thin, cold ,low calories.
Boiling makes food yin. Yang foods : rich, spicy, hot ,high calories.
9
Features of Chinese Food
Seasonings
taste mainly depends on the seasonings. many tastes—salty (salt, soy sauce), sweet (sugar, honey), sour (vinegar), fragrant (sesame oil, coriander, wine), spicy(chilli, garlic, ginger), tangy(monosodium glutamate or MSG), bitter(dried tangerine, bitter apricot kernel),etc.
16
Eight Regional Cuisines
Guangdong Cuisine also known as Yuecai (粤菜). fresh, crisp, tender, lightly
seasoned. roasting, stir-frying, sautéing,
deep-frying, stewing and steaming. porridges and soups
18
Eight Regional Cuisines
中国文化简介(英文版)课后习题答案2
中国文化简介（英文版）课后习题答案2Chapter6—chapter8Chapter 61.1) d 2) d 3) d 4) d2.5) Feng, Ya, Song, Fu, Bi, Xing6) The Classic of Poetry; The Classic of History; The Classic of Rites; The Classic of Rites; The Classic of Changes; The Spring and Autumn Annals.7) Feng (Ballads); Ya (Odes); Song (Sacrificial Songs)3.8) a. The Great Learningb. The Analects of Confucius9) a. The Doctrine of the Meanb . The Classic of History10) a. The Classic of Changesb. The Four Books and Five Classics4.11) “Confucius Way of the Heart”means if everyone makes strict demands onhimself/herself, and does everything according to the Confucian rites, then the relations between the king and the minister, the father and the son will eventually be harmonized, and the society will go smoothly.12) “To know something is not so good as to like it; to like it is not so good as todelight in it.” It means a person who prefers it can learn better than one who merely understands it; but a person who delights in it learns even better than one who only prefers it.5. 略Chapter 71 Multiple choice (choose the best answer).1) a 2) b 3) a 4) a2 Fill in the blanks.5)controlling flood, Yv the Great, Shun6)Pan Gu, Nv Wa, her own model, yellow clay3 Translate the following terms into English7)a. the descendants of Yan and Huang b. Yv the Great controlling the flood8)a. the Eight Immortals crossing the sea. b. Nv Wa creating man9)a. Pan Gu creating the world b.Kua Fu chasing the Sun4 Answer the following questions.10)Huang Di is resourceful in invention as well as in war and is credited with the invention of many things, like carts and boats, clothes, houses, writing and silkworm breeding and Silk weaving. Yan Di is credited with the invention of farming and medicine. He invented the wooden plow and taught people how to treat diseases. Wars urged the mixture and the assimilation of different tribes and eventually formed a tribal alliance of Huang Di and Yan Di. Traditions has it that Chinese civilization originated from the era of Huang Di and Yan Di, for they are the ancestors of the Chinese people. That is why the Chinese call themselves the descendants of Yan and Huang.11)略5 Retell the stories with the help of the following pictures.略Chapter 81.1) a 2)d 3)d 4) a2.5) the guti verse forms, jinti verse forms, classical, verse form, moder6) Shijing7) Li Sao8) Sage Poet, the greatest realist poet9) Su Shi, Li Qingzhao3.10) a. Tang Poems b. Songci11) a. yuanqu b. Chuci4.12) Yuefu originally referred to the “music bureau” in the Han Dynasty, responsible for collecting or writing poems, folk songs and ballads, and having them set to music. Later, poems, folk songs and ballads collected and compiled by yufu were given the name Yuefu.13) Ci is a kind of poetry written to certain tunes with strict tonal patterns and rhyme schemes, in fixed numbers of lines and words, originated in Tang Dynasty and fully developed in Song Dynasty.14) Apart from the above verse forms, there is also Fu, it’s something between poetry and prose, similar to rhapsody: a descriptive poem, and much cultivated from Han times to the Six Dynasties. Examples are Su Shi's “Fu on the Red Cliff”, Ban Gu’s Rhapsody on Two Capitals”, etc.5. 略。
中国文化内容课件
二、中国传统文化的研究范围
中国传统文化是指在氏族社会晚期、至少是 周秦以来到五四时期所形成和发展起来的，以 汉族为主体、包括其境内56个民族长期创造的 精神财富，即中华民族共同创造的华夏文化。 它以封建文化为主导，以儒学文化为主干。
第二节 中国传统文化的流变和分期
一、原始文化──传统文化的孕育期
第二节 儒家思想的第一次改造
──两汉经学神学化
一、董仲舒的神学思想和三纲五常伦理观
儒学由先秦百家争鸣的一家变为“独尊儒术”，
由民间学说变为官方意识，经过了董仲舒的改造。 他以奉天法古为旗号，先王之道为楷模，宣扬王权神授，建构 了天人感应为核心、阴阳五行为骨架的神学体系。他写《春秋 繁露》，为三纲五常的始作俑者。他以君为臣纲、父为子纲、 夫为妻纲，仁、义、礼、智、信等道德规范，作为建立法度、 化民成俗的根本，为封建专制提供了理论根据，为以儒为宗的 文化提供了蓝本。其理论以父子夫妻的家庭关系为依据，以封 建宗法制为基础，以君亲、忠孝为纽带，以移孝作忠为目的， 实现家族政治化和国家家族化。在义利上，他提倡“正其谊不 谋其利，明其道不计其功”，维护统治阶级的整体利益。在政 治上，他主张礼乐教化、德政为主、刑罚为辅。在思想文化上， 他主张罢黜百家，独尊儒术，完成了统一思想的最后一道工序。
三、荀子的隆礼重法和性恶论
荀子（荀况）将先秦儒学发展 到新阶段，不仅承认事物发展有客 观规律，而且强调主体能动作用。 这种对社会历史责任感的弘扬，是 中华民族刚健进取精神的反映。他 从“性本恶”出发，认为经过学习 和教化，“人皆可以为尧舜”。他 主张“隆礼重法”，强调礼在为人、 做事、治国方面的作用，礼是法的 根据，法的总纲；法是礼的体现， 礼的确认。只讲礼义，不讲法度； 只重教化，不重刑罚，不足以维护 x x 统治。
中国文化概况
中国文化概况中国文化概况1.天何言哉？四时行焉，百草生焉，天何言哉？Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.2.生生之谓易。
Continuous creation of life is change.3.天地之大德曰生。
The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating life.4.获罪于天，无所祷也。
He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.5.仁者，人也，亲亲为大。
The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.6.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.7.父母之年，不可不知也。
一则以喜，一则以惧。
Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel feel happy for the healthy and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.8.己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。
While fulfilling one’s own desires, allow others to fulfill theirs.9.己所不欲，勿施于人。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
(20minutes)
讨论 (10 minutes) 学生课间展示 (30 minutes)
equestrian polo 击鞠
During the Tang Dynasty, equestrian polo was popular in the palace, the army and among the men of literati (文人墨客).
Cuju 蹴鞠
Cuju (蹴鞠) was so
Kite Flying
Kite Flying is a traditional Chinese pastime, with millions of participants across the nation. As a sport, it became an official event in 1991. The Weifang International Kite Festival is a kite competition and exhibition that attracts tens of thousands of participants from all over the world.
popular in the Song Dynasty that everyone from the emperor to ordinary people participated in it.
Chuiwan 垂丸
In the Yuan Dynasty, people like playing a
As an important part of popular culture, sports in China began to take real shape during the Qin, Han and Three Kingdoms periods. Sporting images have been recorded over the Dynasties by sepulchral (坟墓的) mural paintings, stone paintings (岩画), brick paintings (画像砖), pottery figurines (人物像) and poems.
Qigong, also called deep breathing exercises, is
practiced by the Chinese on a regular basis to keep fit. Literally “qi” means “air” implying
“life force”. The purpose of qigong is to
formation of Chinese characters, 武 (wu) is made up of 止 and 戈. The former means “stop” while the later means “dagger-axe” or “any kind of weapon”. The combination of the two means stopping martial actions. With 术 (shu), which means strategies, together, the term means “using methods and skills to stop martial actions and activities”. Another meaning of this word is the martial activities between two people or two groups with the weapons.
coordinate the health of the mind and body.
Five-animal exercises
The “five-animal exercises” is a set of health building exercise imitating the movements of five animals— tiger, deer, bear, ape and bird. It’s a physical exercises
Yangge
Yangge is a traditional dance accompanied
by rhythmic folk music or singing, with the dancers dressed in costumes and holding fans or handkerchiefs. It is very popular in many areas of northern China and among the middle-aged and elderly.
Shadow boxing
A school of Chinese popular martial arts marked that are designed for defense, strengthening of physique and prevention of diseases.
Traditional Physical Culture
Sport in ancient times Ethnic Sport Traditional physical activities National physical fitness
Sport in ancient times
Body-building equipment can be found everywhere in the communities or any public places. Similarly, there is a growing trend for people to engage in their own ways to keep fit.
Traditional Physical Activities
Martial arts (Wushu 武术) Distinguished Chinese Martial Arts
Martial arts
Wushu is also called Kong fu. According to the
combined with qigong and
was initiated by Hua Tuo.
National physical fitness
There are many gymnasiums and stadiums across China, most of them are open to and widely used by the general public.
game called Chuiwan,
which is similar to golf as shown in the mural
Hitting Balls.
Ethnic Sport
With around 1,000 kinds of Ethnic sports, some of the more well known ones are Mongolian wrestling, horsemanship (马术) and archery; Hui kicking the shuttlecock (毽球) and the tug-of-war (拔河); Tibetan yak (牦牛) racing; Miao swinging and dragon-boat racing; Zhuang throwing of colored silk balls (抛绣球); Korean swinging and seesawing jumping (跳板); Manchu skating; Dong walking on stilts (踩高跷); Yao whipping tops (打 陀螺).
Modern martial arts consist of five categories
Boxing Weapon exercises Sparring exercises Actual combat Teamwork
Boxing
shadow boxing (太极拳)
中国文化概况 Chapter 7
本章教学的目的
1. 中国传统健身活动; 2. 奥运会的概况; 3. 中国优秀体育项目。
本章教学的重难点
1. 中国传统健身活动介绍； 2. 中国与奥林匹克； 3. 讨论：政府如何加强全民健身运动。
本章教学的时间安排
教师课堂讲解 (60 minutes)
Weapon exercises
Sparring exercises
Teamwork
Distinguished Chinese Martial
Arts
Shaolin Boxing
It is the representative boxing style of the Long Boxing. Characterized by sturdiness (坚定), fast attacks, and coordinated (协调的) forward and backward moves. Its serial moves are mostly short and straight.
Horse racing
Horse racing is essential to the lifestyle of