普林斯顿样题4
Princeton 4Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) Her notebook is missing.(B) Her handwriting is difficult to read.(C) She wasn't in class this morning, either.(D) She's already lent her notes to someone else.2. (A) Get a schedule of events at the athletic center.(B) Refer to the bus schedule.(C) Wait for the shuttle in the student lounge.(D) Borrow a schedule from another student.3. (A) She looks good in blue.(B) She never wears sweaters.(C) She might prefer another color.(D) She enjoys receiving gifts.4. (A) Someone painted it for her.(B) She finally had time to paint it.(C) She decided to paint it later.(D) Some friends will help her paint it.5. (A) Today's seminar was informative.(B) Another seminar will take place the following week.(C) Next week's seminar is on a different topic.(D) There will be two seminars next week.6. (A) He's usually happy.(B) He listens to music when he's in a good mood.(C) He had to pay a high price for his stereo.(D) He's pleased with his purchase.7. (A) He can send the woman additional information.(B) The woman received the wrong bill.(C) He agrees that the charges are too high.(D) He'll credit the woman's account.8. (A) Answer her calls.(B) Take her home.(C) Write out a list of his calls.(D) Telephone her later in the day.9. (A} Taking a test.(B) Giving Spanish tests to students.(C) Paying for private lessons.(D) Studying10. (A) The window is broken.(B) He's nervous about opening the window.(C) It's not possible to open the window.(D) It's too cold to open the window.11. (A) He wasn't offered the job he had talked about.(B) He didn't really want to work in the bookstore.(C) He didn't really want to work in the bookstore was.(D) He didn't refuse the bookstore job.12. (A) She needed to change the letter before mailing it.(B) She didn't know how much postage was needed.(C) She didn't have the right coins to buy stamps.(D) The stamp machine has been moved.13. (A) They should go to lunch soon.(B) He needs to make more coffee for lunch.(C) There is enough coffee for several more cups.(D) He won't drink any more coffee today.14. (A) There are too many shopping centers already.(B) They aren't really going to build a shopping center.(C) He knew about the planned construction.(D) He hasn't been to the other shopping centers.15. (A) She has to do some work tomorrow.(B) She'll attend tomorrow's performance.(C) She doesn't intend to go to the play.(D) She can't work at the theater tomorrow.16. (A) She hasn't seen Kate.(B) Kate has changed her plans.(C) The man had misunderstood her.(D) The man should go to New York next week.17. (A) He doesn't want to attend the graduation ceremony.(B) He's attended only one graduation ceremony.(C) The woman doesn't have to attend the graduation ceremony.(D) Attendance is taken at the graduation ceremony.18. (A) Someone from the housing office fixed the faucet.(B) Allen called the housing office for her.(C) She replaced the faucet.(D) Allen repaired the faucet.19. (A) He didn't know that the woman was class treasurer.(B) He doesn't want to be treasurer.(C) He doesn't think the woman should run for office.(D) He didn't know the elections were today.20. (A) He doesn't have much time for tennis.(B) He's enthusiastic about his new courses.(C) He plays tennis better than she does.(D) He's not very interested in his school work.21. (A) He'll drive the woman to the paint store.(B) He doesn't really like the painting.(C) He'll hold the painting for the woman.(D) He doesn't know where the painting is.22. (A) The man hurried through breakfast.(B) The room is too warm for a sweater.(C) The man will be late if he doesn't hurry.(D) The man's appearance shows that he was rushed.23. (A) The doctor wasn't feeling well.(B) He didn't see the new doctor.(C) The doctor isn't new to the infirmary.(D) He met the doctor at a conference.24. (A) Pay Marsha for the bookshelf.(B) Ask Marsha where the bookshelf is.(C) Check for the book on Marsha's shelf(D) Ask Marsha if she has an extra bookshelf.25. (A) The man can get some paper at the new store.(B) She just opened a new box of paper.(C) She'll type the man's paper at her place.(D) The man can buy today's paper at the newsstand.26. (A) She saw only part of it,(B) She couldn't go to see it.(C) She wasn't in charge of it.(D) She didn't understand it.27. (A) He doesn't like old movies.(B) He didn't see a large number of movies.(C) He saw more m0vies than the woman did.(D) His children have seen many movies.28. (A) The airport is closed due to bad weather.(B) An earlier closure affected the airport's schedule.(C) The flight is following its regular schedule(D) The plane will return to its point of departure.29. (A) She hadn't begun to study biology.(B) She hadn't liked the previous biology course.(C) She did very well in elementary biology,(D) She'd already taken all the biology courses.30. (A) She recently moved to Miami.(B) She needed a vacation.(C) She'll leave for Miami soon.(D) She was pleased to get his postcard.31. (A) It's too noisy.(B) 'It's not convenient to the university,(C) The heating system is defective.(D) The owner is unpleasant.32. (A) Tell the owner two months in advance that she's moving.(B) Alert the housing authorities to her problem(C) Move to another apartment in the same building.(D) Leave by the end of the month.33. (A) It must be on a higher floor.(B) It must have quiet surroundings.(C) It must be within driving distance of the university.(D) It must be in a new building.34. (A) Rent would be very expensive.(B) Public transportation wouldn't be available.(C) Apartment complexes in Windsor are old.(D) Apartments in Windsor tend to be noisy.35. (A) Start a new program at State College.(B) Study at a different school.(C) Find a summer job.(D) Improve her grades.36. (A) Journalism.(B) Science.(C) Management.(D) Art37. (A) Its reputation isn't as good as State College's.(B) She can't get a good recommendation there.(C) The registration office hasn't answered her letters yet.(D) She may not get accepted there.38. (A) Use her professors as references.(B) Study more to improve her grades.(C) Think more positively about the State College program.(D) Write to the head of the art department.39. (A) summer vacation.(B) The homing office.(C) Resident advisers.(B) Check-out procedures.40. (A) Register for summer school(B) Repair holes in room walls.(C) Return their keys to the housing office.(D) Call the housing office.41. (A)Their summer addresses.(B) Any damage to their rooms.(C) When they plan to leave.(C) Questions for the housing office.42. (A) The liquefaction of gas.(B) Techniques used for refrigeration.(C) Materials used to make industrial containers.(D) The cost of transporting natural gas.43. (A) It becomes brittle.(B) It expands.(C) It oxidizes.(D) It bends.44. (A) It has a low melting point.(B) It's expensive.(C) It often contains impurities.(D) Its properties are unpredictable.45. (A) Oxygen.(B) Aluminum.(C) Nickel.(D) Boron.46. (A) Behavior of owls in the wild.(B) Experiments at the London Zoo.(C) An investigation of accidental animal deaths.(D) An increase in insects at the zoo.47. (A) Owl cages.(B) Insecticide spray.(C) Sawdust.(D) Mousetraps.48. (A) Rats.(B) Owls.(C) Mice.(D) Insects.49. (A) They choked on sawdust.(B) They were fed contaminated mice.(C) They were bitten by deadly insects.(D) They escaped from the zoo.50. (A) To illustrate a principle about environmental poisons.(B) To demonstrate the usefulness of chemicals.(C) To show how zoo keepers raise mice in captivity.(D) To prove a point about the building industrySection Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-11With its radiant color and plantlike shape, the sea anemone looks more like a flower than an animal. More specifically, the sea anemone is formed quite like the flower for which it is named, with a body like a stem and tentacles like petals in brilliant shades of blue, green, pink, and red. Its diameter varies from about six millimeters in some species to more than ninety centimeters in the giant varieties of Australia. Like corals, hydras, and jellyfish, sea anemones are coelenterates. They can move slowly, but more often they attach the lower part of their cylindrical bodies to rocks, shells, or wharf pilings. The upper end of the sea anemone has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal Uses to capture its food.Stinging cells in the tentacles throw out tiny poison threads that paralyze other Small sea animals. The tentacles then drag this prey into the sea anemone's mouth. The food is digested in the large inner body cavity. When disturbed, a sea anemone retracts its tentacles and shortens its body so that it resembles a lump on a rock. Anemones may reproduce by forming eggs, dividing in half, or developing buds that grow and break off as independent animals.1. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?(A) The varieties of ocean life(B) The characteristics of the sea anemone(C) A comparison of land and sea anemones(D) The defenses of coelenterates2. The work "shape" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) length(B) grace(C) form(D) nature3. The author compares a sea anemone's tentacles to a flower's(A) stem(B) petals(C) leaves(D) roots4. It can be inferred from the passage that hydras(A) were named after a flower(B) are usually found in Australia(C) prey on sea anemones(D) are related to sea anemones5. It can be inferred from the passage that sea anemones are usually found(A) attached to stationary surfaces(B) hidden inside cylindrical objects(C) floating among underwater flowers(D) searching for food6. The word "capture" in line 8 is closest m meaning to(A) catch(B) control(C) cover(D) clean7. The word "retracts" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) pulls back(B) relaxes(C) reproduces(D) lifts up8. According to the passage, when a sea anemone is bothered it(A) hides under a rock(B) alters its shape(C) changes colors :(D) ejects a poisonous substance9. The sea anemone reproduces by(A) budding only(B) forming eggs only(C) budding or dividing only(D) budding, forming eggs, or dividing10. Based on the information in the passage, all of the following statements about sea anemones are true EXCEPT that they(A) are usually tiny(B) have flexible bodies(C) are related to jellyfish(D) are usually brightly colored11. Where does the author mention the sea anemone's food-gathering technique?(A) Lines 1-2(B) Lines. 4-6(C) Lines 7-10(D) Lines 11-14Questions 12-23Barbara Kasten is an artist who makes photographs of constructions that she creates for the purpose of photographing them. In her studio she arranges objects such as mirrors, solid forms, and flat surfaces into what could be called large still life arrangements, big enough to walk into. She lights the construction, then rearranges and rephotographs it until she arrives at a final image. She also photographs away from her studio at various architectural sites, bringing camera, lights, mirrors, and a crew of assistants to transform the site into her own abstract image.Kasten starts a studio construction with a simple problem, such as using several circular and rectangular mirrors. She puts the first objects in place, sets up a camera, then goes back and forth arranging objects and seeing how they appear in the camera. Eventually she makes instant color prints to see what the image looks like. At first she works only with objects, concentrating on their composition; then she lights them and adds color from lights covered colored filters.Away from the studio, at architectural sites, the cost of the Crew and the equipment rental means she has to know in advance what she wants to do. She visits each location several times to make sketches and test shots. Until she brings in the lights, however, she cannot predict exactly what they will do to the image, so there is some improvising on the spot.12. What does the passage many discuss?(A) The techniques of a photographer(B) The advantages of studio photography(C) Industrial construction sites(D) An architect who appreciates fine art13. Which of the following would be an example of one of the "constructions" referred to in line 17?(A) A still life arrangement(B) Natural landscapes(C) An instant color print(D) A colored filter14. In line 2, why does the author mention mirrors?(A) They are part of the camera.(B) Kasten uses them as subjects.(C) The crew needs them.(D) Photography mirrors life.15. The word "transform" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) move(B) extend(C) change(D) interpret16. It can be inferred from the passage that Kasten makes instant prints to(A) give away(B) sell as souvenirs(C) include as pan of the construction(D) see what the construction looks like at that stage17. The word "composition" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) arrangement(B) brightness(C) quality(D) size18. The word "them" in line 12 refers to(A) wints(B) lights(C) objects(D) filters19. The word "shots" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) injections(B) photographs(C) loud noises(D) effective remarks20. The word "they" in line 17 refers to(A) architectural styles(B) sketches(C) colored filters(D) lights21. Why does Kasten visit the location of outdoor work before the day of the actual shooting?(A) To plan the photograph(B) To purchase film and equipment(C) To hire a crew(D) To test the lights22. How is Kasten's studio work different from her work at architectural sites?(A) She does not use lights outdoors.(B) Her work outdoors is more unpredictable.(C) She works alone outdoors.(D) She makes more money from her work outdoors.23. Where in the passage does the author suggest that the constructions that Kasten photographs are life-sized?(A) Lines 2-4(B) Lines 5-7(C) Lines 12-14(D) Lines 16-17Questions 24-33The temperature of the Sun is over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rise to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core. In the core of the Sun. the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the Sun can never be directly observed.Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photo-sphere,convection zone, and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the Sun's atmosphere. But since the Sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun begins.The Sun's outermost layer begins about 10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the Sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as the one in February 1979. At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the Sun's rays.The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona's rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spike-like rays near the Sun's north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the Sun's equator.The corona rays are 'made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the Sun's corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible.24. The word "great" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) dangerous(B) unknown(C) variable(D) strong25. With what topic is the second paragraph mainly concerned?(A) How the Sun evolved(B) The structure of the Sun(C) Why scientists study the Sun(D) The distance of the Sun from the planets26. All of the following are parts of the Sun's atmosphere EXCEPT the(A) corona(B) chromosphere(C) photosphere(D) core27. The Word "one" in line 13 refers to(A) the Sun(B) the corona(C) an eclipse(D) the surface28. The purpose of the special instruments mentioned in line 14 is to(A) magnify the image of the Sun.(B) block ont the Sun's intense light(C) measure the amount of energy emitted by the Sun(D) photograph the Sun29. It can be inferred from the passage that a clear view of the Sun's outer layer is usually prevented by(A) the Sun's rays(B) an eclipse(C) lack of light(D) the great distance30. The word "sensational" in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) spectacular(B) predictable(C) bizarre(D) constant31. According to the passage, as the corona rays reach the planets, they become(A) hotter(B) clearer(C) thinner(D) stronger32. The paragraphs following the passage most likely discuss which of the following?(A) The remaining layers of the Sun(B) The evolution of the Sun to its present form(C) The eclipse of February 1979(D) The scientists who study astronomy33. Where in the passage does the author compare the light of the Sun's outermost layer to that of another astronomical body?(A) Lines 2-3(B) Lines 9-10(C) Lines 16(D) Lines 22-23Questions 34-42Many of the computing patterns used today in elementary arithmetic, such as those for performing long multiplications and divisions, were developed as late as the fifteenth century. Two reasons are usually advanced to account for this tardy development, namely, the mental difficulties and the physical difficulties encountered in such work.The first of these, the mental difficulties, must be somewhat discounted. The impression that the ancient numeral systems are not amenable to even the simplest calculations is largely based on lack of familiarity with these systems. It is clear that addition and subtraction in a simple grouping system require only ability to count the number symbols of each kind and then to convert to higher units. No memorization of number combinations is needed in a ciphered numeral system, if sufficient addition and multiplication tables have been memorized, the work can proceed much as we do it today.The physical difficulties encountered, however, were quite real. Without a plentiful and convenient supply of some suitable writing medium, any very extended development of the arithmetic process was bound to be hampered. It must be remembered that our common machine-made pulp paper is little more than a hundred years old. The older rag paper was made by hand and was consequently expensive and scarce.34. What is the main purpose of the passage?(A) To emphasize the importance of the mental process in performing calculations(B) To explain why some elementary computing systems were not developed until the fifteenthcentury.(C) To describe how ancient counting systems differ from those of the twentieth century(D) To compare the mental and physical processes used in arithmetics35. The word "tardy" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) historical(B) basic(C) unusual(D) late36. The word "these" in line 5 refers to(A) patterns(B) reasons(C) systems(D) calculations37. The word "discounted" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) reduced(B) contradicted(C) disregarded(D) interpreted38. The author states that doing calculations in a simple grouping system requires(A) memorizing numerical combinations(B) using an adding machine(C) producing large quantities of a writing medium(D) converting number symbols to higher units39. The word "encountered" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) faced(B) caused(C) increased(D) discussed40. The word "hampered" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) impeded(B) concluded(C) unnoticed(D) rejected41. The author describes old rag paper as all of the following EXCEPT(A) handmade(B) costly(C) scarce(D) delicate42. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?(A) Physical difficulties hindered the development of computing patterns.(B) Memorizing addition and multiplication tables is necessary for most elementary arithmeticprocesses.(C) Most people experience mental difficulties in learning long divisions and multiplications.(D) Numeral systems invented before the fifteenth century could not have been used to performelementary calculations.Questions 43-50The ecosystems of the Earth provide an array of free public services that are essential for the support of civilizations. They maintain the quality of the atmosphere, provide food from the sea, manufacture and replenish soils, recycle wastes and nutrients, control the overwhelming majority of crop pests and disease vectors, and so on. People have no idea how to take over these activities satisfactorily. They do know, however, that the theory once advanced in the nineteenth century--that the productivity of the land can be infinitely increased by the application of capital, labor, and science---is wrong. History has shown that once the natural life-support systems of a civilization have been sufficiently damaged, they cannot usually be repaired. The ancient deforestation and overgrazing of the Mediterranean region is a famous example. And today, a global civilization is mining the global environment.43. What is the main topic of this passage?(A) Free public services(B) Support needed for civilizations(C) The value of ecosystems(D) The vastness of the Earth44. The word "array" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) large number(B) excess(C) requirement(D) model45. The word "They" in line 2 refers to(A) ecosystems(B) civilizations(C) sea(D) people46. Which of the following could NOT be included under the "free public services" listed in lines 2-4?(A) Preventing overgrazing by domestic animals(B) Providing natural enemies for harmful insects(C) Creating and enriching material for plant growth(D) Supplying air for breathing47. The word "advanced'; in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) debated(B) ignored(C) proved(D) proposed48. The author mentions the Mediterranean region as an example of(A) the ability of nature to remedy human destruction(B) the ability of people to make use of natural resources(C) the manner in which people replenish the environment(D) the effects of human abuse of natural resources49. The author suggests that civilizations can survive only if they(A) greatly expand scientific research(B) do not destroy the balance of natural processes(C) replant the forests in the Mediterranean region(D) invent new procedures to replace obsolete ecosystems50. The author suggests that the difference between the ancient and the modem situation is that today the problem is(A) worldwide(B) better understood(C) more manageable(D) economic。
普林斯顿样题1 section 2
不做能力之外的事，但要做全能之内的每一件事。
一个人应当将人类最伟大的责任及其目标与理想，放在日常生活，及当下所发生的事物之上。
例如：藉由这些练习的养成，来发展自我，以便于帮助同人类，提供建议。
即使不见得在短期之内能见到成果。
这便是正精进(To let all the foregoing exercises become a habit)普林斯顿样题①Section 21. Simple photographic lenses cannot _____ sharp, undistorted images over a主语谓语定语宾语状语wide field.(A) to form(B) are formed(C) forming(D) form分析：考点是情态动词与动词原形构成谓语。
句子主语为simple photographic lenses,宾语为images，所以空格处应和情态动词cannot构成句子的复合谓语。
参考译文：简易的摄像机镜头不能捕捉住大范围的清晰而不失真的影像。
2. Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is状语主语谓语表语定从most.(A) it influences farmers(B) that influences farmers(C) farmers that it influences(D) why farmers influence it分析：考点是定语从句。
逗号前是介词短语做状语，逗号后才是这句话的主句。
Weather is the one（factor），one代替前面的factor，句子已经完整。
则the one 后的空格应修饰the one, that在此引导定语从句。
参考译文：在所有影响农业收成的因素中，天气是对农民影响最大的因素之一。
3. Beverly Sills, ______, assumed directorship of the New York City Opera in主语同位语谓语宾语定语状语1979.(A) be a star soprano(B) was a star soprano(C) a star soprano and(D) a star soprano分析：考点是同位语。
大学英语四级模拟试卷355(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级模拟试卷355(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Appropriate Teacher. Student Relationship. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below. The Appropriate Teacher-Student Relationship 1．师生之间应建立良好的师生关系；2．良好的师生关系对老师的工作有利；3．良好的师生关系有利于学生的学习。
正确答案：The Appropriate Teacher-Student Relationship The relationship between a teacher and a student can be good or bad, helpful or barmful. Either way, the relationship can affect the student for the rest of his life. An appropriate teacher-student relation will make learning enjoyable and interesting and the teacher’s job worthwhile. A bad relation can discourage the student from learning and make teaching an unpleasant task. In a good teacher-student relation the teacher does not have to force the student to learn. The teacher should motivate and encourage file student. Learning can be fun when the student has the right attitude towards it. Besides, the teacher needs to be patient, understanding, and sympathetic. As for file student, in older to have a good relationship with his teacher, he must always show him proper respect. He should be eager to learn and willing to work hard. It is also important to listen carefully in class. In conclusion, a good teacher-student relationship can be mutually beneficial. The student gains knowledge earnestly and enjoyably, and file teacher gains satisfaction from his job.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.Albert Einstein Born in 1879, in Ulm, Germany, Einstein was two years old when his parents moved to Munich. There his father opened a business in electrical supplies. As a boy, Einstein did not learn to talk until later than others of his age, and in his early childhood he was not considered especially bright. But by the time he was fourteen years old, he had recovered from a slow start to the extent that he had taught himself advanced mathematics from textbooks. By then he knew whathe wanted to be when he grew up. He wanted to be a physicist and devote himself to research. The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for the advanced education young Einstein needed. The family business had declined, and they were forced to leave Munich to live in Milan, Italy, where they had relatives. As for Albert, the family did manage to send him to a technical school in Switzerland, and later to the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. In 1901, when Einstein was twenty-two years old, he began teaching, and in 1902 he went to work as a patent office examiner in Bern. Now able to pay his own expenses, he continued his schooling at the University of Zurich, where he received a doctor’ s degree in 1905. This was the period when he first began the research which led to his famous theory of relativity. To most people it is not easy to explain why Einstein’ s theory has had such an immense effect upon the whole scientific and intellectual world. After its formation, scientists never again regarded the world as they had before. The theory set forth new and far-reaching conclusions about the nature of space, time, motion, mass, energy, and the relations governing all these. Basically the theory proposed, among other things, that the greatest speed possible is the speed of light; that the rate of a clock moving through space will decrease as its speed increases; and that energy and mass are equal and interchangeable. This latter claim, based on the formula “energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light” was later proved by atomic fission, on which the atomic bomb is based. Toward the end of his life, when Einstein was asked to explain his law of relativity to a group of young students, he said: “When you sit with a nice girl for two hours, you think it’s only a minute. But when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it’s two hours. That is relativity.”Einstein had an effect on science and history that only a few men have ever achieved. An American university president once commented that “Einstein has created a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some generations before the average mind grasps the identity of time and space, and so on—but even ordinary men understand now that the universe is something vaster than ever thought before.”By 1914 Einstein had gained world fame. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Bedim He had few duties, little teaching, and unlimited opportunities for study. It was an ideal position, but soon his peace and quiet were broken by the First World War. Einstein hated violence. Though he was not personally involved, the war and its misery affected him deeply. He lost interest in much of his research. Only when peace finally came in 1918 was he able to get back to work. During the years following World War [, Germany heaped honors upon Einstein. He was persuaded to become director of Theoretical Physics in the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Prussia made him an honorary citizen. Potsdam built an Einstein Tower in its Astrophysical Institute. Berlin held public celebration on his fiftieth birthday. Being a shy man, Einstein did not attend, but he received several baskets full of cards, letters, and telegrams expressing admiration and best wishes. The gifts to him would have filled a railway freight car. Four years later, Adolph Hitler came to power in Germany. He and his Nazis disliked intellectuals, and they hated Jews. There was no respect even for Albert Einstein, who only wanted to think of the problems of time and space and who never got involved inpolitics. The academy of Sciences was closed to him; his house was searched for weapons; he lost his professorship; all his property was seized; and finally his German citizenship was taken away. He became a stateless man. Upon leaving Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium, and then to England. There he received an invitation from the United States. The Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey, offered him a lifetime professorship. He accepted, but he asked so small a salary to maintain its own pay, the Institute had to give him more than he requested. Such behavior was characteristic of Einstein. He had little interest in money, though he could have been very wealthy. He once turned down an offer of $1,000 a minute to speak on the radio. On another occasion he put a check for $1,500 from the Rockefeller Foundation between the pages of a book to help him remember where he had stopped reading. Then, having used the check as a bookmark, he lost the book. In 1955 Einstein became an American citizen. When interviewed about his new country, he told reporters: “Seven years ago, when asked for the reason I left Germany, I made this statement: ‘As long as I have any choice, I will only stay on a country where political liberty, toleration, and equality of all citizens before the law is the rue. Political liberty implies liberty to express one’ s political opinions orally and in writing, and a tolerant respect for any and every individual opinion. ‘“ Einstein lived the rest of his life in the United States. Much of the great scientist’s time was devoted to efforts to build world peace. He also found time to practice playing his violin, for he loved music and was a better than average violinist. He lived quietly in Princeton, working at the Institute and entertaining himself with his violin in his simple home. In 1955 Einstein’ s life ended peacefully at the age of seventy-six. Because this simple man of genius used his intelligence for his fellowmen, all men now live in a changed world. Einstein lived not to conquer or destroy, but to understand.2．From the article we learn about Einstein’s life, his achievements and his personality.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A解析：通过速读可以了解本文大意。
2003年5月北美精算第四门考试试题
Course 4Fall 2003 Society of Actuaries**BEGINNING OF EXAMINATION** 1. You are given the following information about a stationary AR(2) model:=.(i) ρ105(ii) ρ201=.Determine φ2.(A) –0.2(B) 0.1(C) 0.4(D) 0.7(E) 1.0(i) Losses follow a loglogistic distribution with cumulative distribution function:F x x x b g b g b g =+//θθγγ1(ii)The sample of losses is:10 35 80 86 90 120 158 180 200 210 1500Calculate the estimate of θ by percentile matching, using the 40th and 80th empirically smoothed percentile estimates.(A) Less than 77(B) At least 77, but less than 87(C) At least 87, but less than 97(D) At least 97, but less than 107(E) At least 107(i) The number of claims has a Poisson distribution.(ii) Claim sizes have a Pareto distribution with parameters θ=0.5 and α=6.(iii) The number of claims and claim sizes are independent.(iv) The observed pure premium should be within 2% of the expected pure premium 90% of the time.Determine the expected number of claims needed for full credibility.(A) Less than 7,000(B) At least 7,000, but less than 10,000(C) At least 10,000, but less than 13,000(D) At least 13,000, but less than 16,000(E) At least 16,0004. You study five lives to estimate the time from the onset of a disease to death. The times todeath are:2 3 3 3 7Using a triangular kernel with bandwidth 2, estimate the density function at 2.5.(A) 8/40(B) 12/40(C) 14/40(D) 16/40(E) 17/405. For the model i i i Y X αβε=++, where 1,2,...,10i =, you are given:(i) X i i =R S T1, if the th individual belongs to a specified group 0, otherwise(ii) 40 percent of the individuals belong to the specified group.(iii) The least squares estimate of β is β=4.(iv) ()2ˆˆ92i i Y X αβ−−=∑Calculate the t statistic for testing H 00:β=.(A) 0.9(B) 1.2(C) 1.5(D) 1.8(E) 2.1(i) Losses follow a Single-parameter Pareto distribution with density function:()()1,1f x x xαα+=>, 0 < α < ∞ (ii) A random sample of size five produced three losses with values 3, 6 and 14, and twolosses exceeding 25.Determine the maximum likelihood estimate of α.(A) 0.25(B) 0.30(C) 0.34(D) 0.38(E) 0.42(i) The annual number of claims for a policyholder has a binomial distribution withprobability function:()()221x x p x q q q x −⎛⎞=−⎜⎟⎝⎠, x = 0, 1, 2(ii) The prior distribution is:()34,01q q q π=<<This policyholder had one claim in each of Years 1 and 2.Determine the Bayesian estimate of the number of claims in Year 3.(A) Less than 1.1(B) At least 1.1, but less than 1.3(C) At least 1.3, but less than 1.5(D) At least 1.5, but less than 1.7(E) At least 1.78. For a sample of dental claims 1210,,...,x x x , you are given:(i) 23860 and 4,574,802i i x x ==∑∑(ii) Claims are assumed to follow a lognormal distribution with parameters µ and σ.(iii)µ and σ are estimated using the method of moments.Calculate ∧ for the fitted distribution.(A) Less than 125(B) At least 125, but less than 175(C) At least 175, but less than 225(D) At least 225, but less than 275(E) At least 2759. You are given:(i)Y tij is the loss for the j th insured in the i th group in Year t . (ii)ti Y is the mean loss in the i th group in Year t . (iii)X j i j i ij =R S T0, if the th insured is in the first group (=1)1, if the th insured is in the second group (=2) (iv)21ij ij ij ij Y Y X δφθε=+++, where 1,2i = and 1,2,...,j n = (v)Y Y Y Y 2122111230374041====,,, (vi) ˆ0.75φ=Determine the least-squares estimate of θ.(A) 5.25(B) 5.50(C) 5.75(D) 6.00(E) 6.2510. Two independent samples are combined yielding the following ranks:Sample I: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 13, 19, 20Sample II: 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18You test the null hypothesis that the two samples are from the same continuous distribution.The variance of the rank sum statistic is:()112n m n m ++Using the classical approximation for the two-tailed rank sum test, determine the p -value.(A) 0.015(B) 0.021(C) 0.105(D) 0.210(E) 0.420(i) Claim counts follow a Poisson distribution with mean θ. (ii) Claim sizes follow an exponential distribution with mean 10θ. (iii) Claim counts and claim sizes are independent, given θ. (iv) The prior distribution has probability density function:b g=5, θ>1πθθCalculate Bühlmann’s k for aggregate losses.(A) Less than 1(B) At least 1, but less than 2(C) At least 2, but less than 3(D) At least 3, but less than 4(E) At least 4(i) A survival study uses a Cox proportional hazards model with covariates Z 1 and Z 2,each taking the value 0 or 1.(ii) The maximum partial likelihood estimate of the coefficient vector is:, .,.ββ12071020e j b g=(iii) The baseline survival function at time t 0 is estimated as .S t 0065b g =.Estimate S t 0b gfor a subject with covariate values 121Z Z ==.(A) 0.34(B) 0.49(C) 0.65(D) 0.74(E) 0.84(i) Z 1 and Z 2 are independent N(0,1) random variables.(ii) a , b , c , d , e , f are constants.(iii) Y a bZ cZ X d eZ f Z =++=++1212 andDetermine ()E Y X .(A) a(B) ()()a b c X d ++−(C) a be cf X d ++−b gb g(D) a be cf e f +++g d /22(E) a be cf e f X d +++−g d g/22(i) Losses on a company’s insurance policies follow a Pareto distribution with probabilitydensity function:()(),0f x x x θθθ=<<∞+(ii) For half of the company’s policies θ=1, while for the other half θ=3.For a randomly selected policy, losses in Year 1 were 5.Determine the posterior probability that losses for this policy in Year 2 will exceed 8.(A) 0.11(B) 0.15(C) 0.19(D) 0.21(E) 0.2715. You are given total claims for two policyholders:Year1 2 3 4PolicyholderX 730 800 650 700Y 655 650 625 750Using the nonparametric empirical Bayes method, determine the Bühlmann credibilitypremium for Policyholder Y.(A) 655(B) 670(C) 687(D) 703(E) 71916. A particular line of business has three types of claims. The historical probability and thenumber of claims for each type in the current year are:Type HistoricalProbabilityNumber of Claimsin Current YearA 0.2744 112B 0.3512 180C 0.3744 138You test the null hypothesis that the probability of each type of claim in the current year is the same as the historical probability.Calculate the chi-square goodness-of-fit test statistic.(A) Less than 9(B) At least 9, but less than 10(C) At least 10, but less than 11(D) At least 11, but less than 12(E) At least 1217. Which of the following is false?(A) If the characteristics of a stochastic process change over time, then the process isnonstationary.(B) Representing a nonstationary time series by a simple algebraic model is often difficult.(C) Differences of a homogeneous nonstationary time series will always be nonstationary.(D) If a time series is stationary, then its mean, variance and, for any lag k, covariancemust also be stationary.(E) If the autocorrelation function for a time series is zero (or close to zero) for all lagsk>0, then no model can provide useful minimum mean-square-error forecasts offuture values other than the mean.18. The information associated with the maximum likelihood estimator of a parameter θ is 4n,where n is the number of observations.Calculate the asymptotic variance of the maximum likelihood estimator of 2θ.(A) 12n(B) 1n(C) 4n(D) 8n(E) 16n19. You are given:(i) The probability that an insured will have at least one loss during any year is p.(ii) The prior distribution for p is uniform on []0,0.5.(iii) An insured is observed for 8 years and has at least one loss every year.Determine the posterior probability that the insured will have at least one loss during Year 9.(A) 0.450(B) 0.475(C) 0.500(D) 0.550(E) 0.62520. At the beginning of each of the past 5 years, an actuary has forecast the annual claims for agroup of insureds. The table below shows the forecasts (X) and the actual claims (Y). Atwo-variable linear regression model is used to analyze the data.t X t Y t1 475 2542 254 4633 463 5154 515 5675 567 605You are given:(i) The null hypothesis is0:0,1Hαβ==.(ii) The unrestricted model fit yields ESS = 69,843.Which of the following is true regarding the F test of the null hypothesis?(A) The null hypothesis is not rejected at the 0.05 significance level.(B) The null hypothesis is rejected at the 0.05 significance level, but not at the 0.01 level.(C) The numerator has 3 degrees of freedom.(D) The denominator has 2 degrees of freedom.(E) TheF statistic cannot be determined from the information given.21-22. Use the following information for questions 21 and 22.For a survival study with censored and truncated data, you are given:Time (t) Number at Riskat Time t Failures at Time t1 30 52 27 93 32 64 25 55 20 4 21. The probability of failing at or before Time 4, given survival past Time 1, is31q.Calculate Greenwood’s approximation of the variance of 31 q.(A) 0.0067(B) 0.0073(C) 0.0080(D) 0.0091(E) 0.010521-22. (Repeated for convenience) Use the following information for questions 21 and 22.For a survival study with censored and truncated data, you are given:Time (t) Number at Riskat Time t Failures at Time t1 30 52 27 93 32 64 25 55 20 4 22. Calculate the 95% log-transformed confidence interval for H3b g, based on the Nelson-Aalenestimate.(A) (0.30,0.89)(B) (0.31,1.54)(C) (0.39,0.99)(D) (0.44,1.07)(E) (0.56,0.79)(i) Two risks have the following severity distributions:Amount of Claim Probability of ClaimAmount for Risk 1Probability of ClaimAmount for Risk 2250 0.5 0.72,500 0.3 0.260,000 0.2 0.1(ii) Risk 1 is twice as likely to be observed as Risk 2.A claim of 250 is observed.Determine the Bühlmann credibility estimate of the second claim amount from the same risk.(A) Less than 10,200(B) At least 10,200, but less than 10,400(C) At least 10,400, but less than 10,600(D) At least 10,600, but less than 10,800(E) At least 10,800(i) A sample x x x 1210,,,… is drawn from a distribution with probability density function:1211exp()exp(), 0[]x x x θθσσ−+−<<∞(ii)θσ>(iii) x x i i ==∑∑15050002 andEstimate θ by matching the first two sample moments to the corresponding population quantities.(A) 9(B) 10(C) 15(D) 20(E) 2125. You are given the following time-series model:115.028.0−−−++=t t t t y y εεWhich of the following statements about this model is false?(A) 10.4ρ=(B) 1,2,3,4,....k k ρρ<=(C) The model is ARMA(1,1).(D) The model is stationary.(E) The mean, µ, is 2.26. You are given a sample of two values, 5 and 9.You estimate Var(X ) using the estimator g (X 1, X 2) = 21().2i X X −∑Determine the bootstrap approximation to the mean square error of g .(A) 1(B) 2(C) 4(D) 8(E) 1627. You are given:(i) The number of claims incurred in a month by any insured has a Poisson distributionwith mean λ.(ii) The claim frequencies of different insureds are independent.(iii) The prior distribution is gamma with probability density function:()()6100100120efλλλλ−=(iv) Month Number of Insureds NumberofClaims1 100 62 150 83 200 114 300 ?Determine the Bühlmann-Straub credibility estimate of the number of claims in Month 4.(A) 16.7(B) 16.9(C) 17.3(D) 17.6(E) 18.028. You fit a Pareto distribution to a sample of 200 claim amounts and use the likelihood ratio testto test the hypothesis that 1.5α= and 7.8θ=.You are given:(i) The maximum likelihood estimates are α= 1.4 and θ = 7.6.(ii) The natural logarithm of the likelihood function evaluated at the maximum likelihoodestimates is −817.92.(iii) ()ln 7.8607.64i x +=∑Determine the result of the test.(A) Reject at the 0.005 significance level.(B) Reject at the 0.010 significance level, but not at the 0.005 level.(C) Reject at the 0.025 significance level, but not at the 0.010 level.(D) Reject at the 0.050 significance level, but not at the 0.025 level.(E) Do not reject at the 0.050 significance level.29. You are given:(i) The model is Y X i i i =+βε, i = 1, 2, 3.(ii)i X i Var εi b g11 12 2 93 316 (iii)The ordinary least squares residuals are εβi i i Y X =−, i = 1, 2, 3.Determine E X X X ,,ε12123d i.(A) 1.0(B) 1.8(C) 2.7(D) 3.7(E) 7.630. For a sample of 15 losses, you are given:(i)Interval Observed Number ofLosses(0, 2] 5(2, 5] 5(5, ∞) 5 (ii) Losses follow the uniform distribution on 0,θb g.Estimate θ by minimizing the function()231j jjjE OO=−∑, where j E is the expected number oflosses in the j th interval andjO is the observed number of losses in the j th interval.(A) 6.0(B) 6.4(C) 6.8(D) 7.2(E) 7.631. You are given:(i) The probability that an insured will have exactly one claim is θ.(ii) The prior distribution of θ has probability density function:πθθθb g=<<3201,A randomly chosen insured is observed to have exactly one claim.Determine the posterior probability that θ is greater than 0.60.(A) 0.54(B) 0.58(C) 0.63(D) 0.67(E) 0.7232. The distribution of accidents for 84 randomly selected policies is as follows:Number of Accidents Number of Policies0 321 262 123 74 45 26 1Total 84 Which of the following models best represents these data?binomial(A) Negativeuniform(B) Discrete(C) Poisson(D) Binomial(E) Either Poisson or Binomial33. A time series yt follows an ARIMA(1,1,1) model with φ107=., θ103=−. and σε210=..Determine the variance of the forecast error two steps ahead.(A) 1(B)5(C) 8(D)10(E) 12(i) Low-hazard risks have an exponential claim size distribution with mean θ. (ii) Medium-hazard risks have an exponential claim size distribution with mean 2θ. (iii) High-hazard risks have an exponential claim size distribution with mean 3θ. (iv) No claims from low-hazard risks are observed.(v) Three claims from medium-hazard risks are observed, of sizes 1, 2 and 3. (vi) One claim from a high-hazard risk is observed, of size 15.Determine the maximum likelihood estimate of θ.(A) 1(B) 2(C) 3(D) 4(E) 5(i)partial X =pure premium calculated from partially credible data(ii)partial E X µ⎡⎤=⎣⎦ (iii) Fluctuations are limited to ±k µ of the mean with probability P(iv) Z = credibility factorWhich of the following is equal to P ?(A) partial Pr k X k µµµµ⎡⎤−≤≤+⎣⎦(B) partial Pr +Z k Z X Z k µµ⎡⎤−≤≤⎣⎦(C) partial Pr +Z Z X Z µµµµ⎡⎤−≤≤⎣⎦(D) ()partial Pr 111k Z X Z k µ⎡⎤−≤+−≤+⎣⎦(E) ()partial Pr 1k Z X Z k µµµµµ⎡⎤−≤+−≤+⎣⎦36. For the model 1223344i i i i i Y X X X ββββε=++++, you are given:(i) N = 15(ii)(iii) ESS =28282.Calculate the standard error of 32ˆˆββ−.(A) 6.4(B) 6.8(C) 7.1(D) 7.5(E) 7.837. You are given:Assume a uniform distribution of claim sizes within each interval.Estimate E X X 2150c h g −∧.(A)Less than 200(B)At least 200, but less than 300(C)At least 300, but less than 400(D)At least 400, but less than 500(E)At least 50038. Which of the following statements about moving average models is false?(A) Both unweighted and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) models canbe used to forecast future values of a time series.(B) Forecasts using unweighted moving average models are determined by applying equalweights to a specified number of past observations of the time series.(C) Forecasts using EWMA models may not be true averages because the weights appliedto the past observations do not necessarily sum to one.(D) Forecasts using both unweighted and EWMA models are adaptive because theyautomatically adjust themselves to the most recently available data.(E) Using an EWMA model, the two-period forecast is the same as the one-periodforecast.39. You are given:(i) Each risk has at most one claim each year.(ii)Type of Risk Prior Probability Annual Claim ProbabilityI 0.7 0.1II 0.2 0.2III 0.1 0.4 One randomly chosen risk has three claims during Years 1-6.Determine the posterior probability of a claim for this risk in Year 7.(A) 0.22(B) 0.28(C) 0.33(D) 0.40(E) 0.4640. You are given the following about 100 insurance policies in a study of time to policysurrender:(i) The study was designed in such a way that for every policy that was surrendered, ar, is always equal to 100.new policy was added, meaning that the risk set,j(ii) Policies are surrendered only at the end of a policy year.(iii) The number of policies surrendered at the end of each policy year was observed to be:1 at the end of the 1st policy year2 at the end of the 2nd policy year3 at the end of the 3rd policy yearn at the end of the n th policy year(iv) The Nelson-Aalen empirical estimate of the cumulative distribution function at time n, F, is 0.542.)(ˆnWhat is the value of n?(A) 8(B) 9(C) 10(D) 11(E) 12**END OF EXAMINATION**Course 4, Fall 2003PRELIMINARY ANSWER KEYQuestion # Answer Question # Answer 1 A21 A 2 E22 D 3 E23 D 4 B24 D 5 D25 E 6 A26 D 7 C27 B 8 D28 C 9 E29 B 10 D30 E 11 C31 E 12 A32 A 13 E33 B 14 D34 B 15 C35 E 16 B36 C 17 C37 C 18 B38 C 19 A39 B 20 A40 E。
普林斯顿4
--- ☆ SitMan 助您征服外语☆ --- [生词摘录][要点摘录] ----难点句子记录于此[我的听写] ----可在此处逐句听写[原文]TOEFL LISTENING TEXT普林斯第四套样题1. [00:25.4]- M: I missed class this morning. Could you lend me your notes?- W: My notes? You’ve never seen my handwriting, have you?What does the woman imply?2. [00:47.0]- M: Do you know when the next shuttle buses leaving for the athletic center? - W: There’s a schedule posted on the bulletin board in the student’s lounge. What does the man imply the man should do?3. [01:09.6]- M: I’m going to buy Joan a blue sweater for her birthday.- W: Are you sure she’d like a blue one?What does the man imply about Joan?4. [01:31.5]- M: Wha, your apartment looks great! When did you have time to paint it> - W: I didn’t, I had it done professionally.What does the woman say about her apartment?5. [01:54.4]- M: The seminar scheduled for today has been canceled.- W: That’s too bad. But at least the one for next week is still on. What does the man mean?6. [02:15.2]- M: Frank is certainly in a good mood.- W: The bargain he got on his new stereo has made him happy.What does the woman say about Frank?7. [02:37.0]- M: I’d like to inquire about some of the charges on my electricity bills.I can’t understand why it is so high this month.- W: I’d be happy to send you the more detailed explanation if you give me your account number.What does the man mean?8. [03:02.9]- M: I’m going home early, can you listen for my phone?- W: Sure, I’m planning to be here all day.What does the man agree to do for the woman?9. [03:24.7]- M: You seemed well-prepared for the Spanish midterm. I’m impressed.- W: I’d better be. I’ve spent the last 48 hours cramming塞满,填鸭式的用功for it.What has the man been doing?10. [03:48.0]- M: Would you mind opening that window. It's stuffy空气不好的, 通风不好的, 闷的 in here.- W: I’m afraid it’s the kind that doesn’t open.What does the man mean?11. [04:10.7]- M: Mike said he was looking for a job in the bookstore.- W: But then, when he had the chance to work there, he turned it down拒绝, didn’t he?What can be inferred about Mike?12. [04:34.2]- M: Were you able to mail your letter?- W: The stamps’ machine only takes the exact change.What does the woman imply?13. [04:55.7]- M: You must have had half a dozen cups of coffee so far, and it’s not eventhe lunch time.- W: I’m only on my third, but three’s probably enough for one day.What does the man imply?14. [05:20.4]- M: They’re building a shopping center near my house.- W: Not another one.What does the man imply ?15. [05:41.5]- M: You’re going to the play tonight, aren’t you?- W: I have too much work to do for tomorrow.What does the woman mean?16. [06:01.6]- M: Isn’t that Kate? I thought you said she’s in New York.- W: Oh, no. That’s next week.What does the woman imply?17. [06:23.2]- M: I don’t know if I can make it to the graduation ceremony. Is the attendance required.- W: At one time it was, but not anymore.What does the man mean?18. [06:45.6]- M: Have you notified the housing office about the fixing of the faucet<美>水龙头 in the bathroom?- W: I got Allen to take care of it. He’s really handy手巧的.What does the woman mean?19. [07:08.3]- M: Guess what, I nominated you for class treasurer today.- W: Oh, no, you didn’t.What can be inferred about the man?20. [07:30.3]- M: Mathew certainly shows a lot of enthusiasm热情, 热心 on the tennis course. - W: If only he show as much for the studies.What does the woman imply about Mathew?21. [08:03.6]- M: Could you hold the painting against the wall while I take a look at it. - W: Where would you like it to go?What can be inferred about the man?22. [08:25.8]- M: I can’t believe I overslept. I’m lucky I made it to the breakfast meeting on time.- W: I can see you were in a hurry. You’re wearing your sweater inside out 里面翻到外面.What does the woman mean?23. [08:51.4]- M: Well, what did you think of the new doctor at the infirmary?- W: You mean Dr. Randoll? He was away attending a conference.What does the woman mean?24. [09:13.4]- M: Do you know anyone who has a spare bookshelf?- W: Have you checked with跟…商量 Martha?What does the woman suggest the man do?25. [09:34.5]- M: Where can I buy some typing paper?- W: How about the stationery place that just opened up非正〉开门?What does the woman mean?26. [09:55.4]- M: Did you see the exhibit at the art center?- W: I sure did, and I couldn’t make heads or tails of it.What does the woman say about the exhibit?27. [10:17.4]- M: You know so much about old movies. I’ll bet you saw a lot when you were a kid.- W: Not as many as you might think.What does the man mean?28. [10:40.2]- M: Our plane has been circling for a long time. Why the delay?- W: The airport was closed for a while this morning and the things stillaren’t back to normal.What does the man mean ?29. [11:04.0]- M: I’ve decided to take another semester of biology.- W: No kidding! I didn’t know you even take the introductory course. What had the man assumed about the woman?30. [11:27.3]- M: Look at this postcard. Carren is in Miami.- W: Yea. It’s great she finally got some time off.What does the man imply about Garren?-31-34. [12:53.6]Listen to a conversation about finding a new apartment.- M: Hi, I heard you’re look for a different apartment.- W: Yeah, the place I’m in now is a real dump.- M: It was Ok when I was there.- W: Oh. The boiler keeps breaking and when it does, we loose the heat for several days at the time.- M: Why doesn’t the owner replace it?- W: Well, she said it’s cheaper to keep fixing it. She is a nice enough person, just sort of stingy in any case, I’m sick of being cold.- M: Can you get your deposit back if you move?- W: If I give two-month notice, I can get the whole thing back.- M: So what kind of place are you looking for?- W: I think I’ll try to get into one of those high rises near the university. There’s nothing really special but at least they are new and functional. - M: I heard of those buildings are pretty noisy. The walls are thin and you can hear everything going on in the other apartment.- W: Oh, that will never do. I need some place quiet to finish my thesis.I guess I’ll have to look some more ads. Maybe new isn’t necessarily better. - M: Why don’t you try some of those apartment at Windsor? They’re supposed to be nice.- W: Oh, aren’t they awfully expensive?- M: Not really, You'll be surprised at how reasonable some of them are. The problem with being out there is the bus doesn't run that way.- W: That’ll definitely be a problem. I can’t afford a car right now. I guess I’d better check a few places here in the city before I make a decision.31. What is wrong with the woman’s current apartment?32. What must the woman do to have her deposit returned?33. What does the woman require of her next apartment?34. Why might live in Windsor be a problem for the woman?-35-38. [15:17.3]Listen to a conversation between two students.- W: I’m thinking about transferring out of state college into another school in the spring.- M: After only a year and half? How come? I thought you like it here. - W: I do, but our commercial art department only gives associate degrees. - M: And you want a bachelor’s学士; 学士学位, right?- W: Right?- M: So where do you want to go?- W: I’ve been thinking about Westwater University. It has an excellent reputation. But it’s probably very selective.- M: But you’ve gotten good grades in the three semester you’ve been in here at the state college, haven’t you?- W: Yeah, mostly As in my major and a few Bs in sciences.- M: So what are you worried about? Just ask your art professors to write letters of recommendation for you and give you portfolio公事包, 文件夹together, and you’ll be set.- 35. What does the woman want to do?- 36. What field is the woman interested in?- 37. What concerned does the woman have about Westwater University?- 38. What does the man suggest the woman do?-39-41. [20:26.8]Listen to an university official talking to the dormitory residents.I’m Torris Don, the housing director here at the university. I’m visiting all the dormitories this week to inform students about check-out procedures. I know you have got a lot on your mind with finals coming up, but there are a few things you need to be aware of, as you prepare to leave for vacation. This dormitory will be closed during the summer months and will reopen on September the first, ever if you’re registered for summer classes the summer, you must leave this dorm by June third. If this does pose a problem for you, you should contact my office as soon as possible, Remember to turn in your room key before you leave.- If you don’t, you’ll be fined 25 dollars. Also, make sure that all of your personal property has been cleared out of your room. I’ll passing out a form for you to fill out concerning the condition of your room, on this form you should report anything that needs to be fixed: a drawer that doesn’t open easily, holes in school year starts. If you have any questions, you can askyour residence advisor or call my office.39. What does the speaker mainly discuss?40. Before they move out, what must the students do?41. What should the students indicate on the form that are handed out?-Question 42-45, [22:28.3]listen to a talk given during a factory tour.- Now, before I show you the type of shipping containers that we are currently designing, I’d like to show you a few we had problems with in the past. Take the steel drum here, see the crack in it? At low temperatures, most containers made of ordinary steel become brittle and when they brittle, they cracked easily. This is quite a problem when you want to transport certain materials. See, for example, liquefied natural gas. Now you can’t ship that in ordinary steel containers because it has to be stored in very low temperatures. So, in designing a container for this gas, we would specify some alloy, some combination of steel and another metal. It would have different properties from those of the ordinary steel. One alloy we considered using was stainless steel because it resists the cracked, but we found some of the structural properties make it interior to ordinary steels. Another problem with stainless steel is that is alloyed with nickle. And nickle has to be imported, so there’s an added cost there.- Fortunately, a new less expensive steel alloy is available, in which the element boron is used instead of nickle. Now, like stainless steel, this new alloy with boron硼 can withstand the extreme chilling without becoming brittle. Because of this and its cost, containers made of this alloy have become more and more common for shipping liquefied natural gas.42. What is the main topic of the talk?43.According to the speaker, what frequently happens to ordinary steel at low temperatures?44.According to the speaker, what is one of the disadvantages of the stainless steel?45. The speaker would recommend the steel alloy containing which element?-Questions 46-50. [25:08.4]Listen to part of a lecture give by a biology professor.- Now, let me give an example, a small example of how difficult it is to control the effects of poisons one they enter the environment. A few years ago, 55 owls mysteriously died at the London Zoo. The Zoo keepers analyzed the dead owls and found that they had been poisoned by an insecticide even though no insecticide have ever been used near them in the zoo. For a while, the zoo keepers were puzzled. But they finally discovered what happened. The owls猫头鹰 that died had been fed mice that had been raised in the cages of the zoo. Now, in the cages the mice slept on layers of sawdust. The sawdust had been purchased from a construction company that used chemicals to protect the wood from insects. The mice ,you see, had absorbed those chemicals through their skins. And when the owls ate the contaminated mice, the insecticide accumulated in the owls’bodies. Eventually, it reached toxic levels and the owls died.46. What is the talk mainly abut?47. What did the construction company sell to the zoo?48. What was the chemical orginally intended to kill?49. What happened to the owls?50. What is the purpose of the speaker’s story?。
TOEFL普林斯顿样题2语法笔记解读
TOEFL普林斯顿样题2语法笔记编委：Maya1. Helium is _____ all gases to liquefy and is impossible to solidify at normal airpressure.(A) more than difficult(B) the most difficult of(C) more difficult of(D) most difficultKey: B分析：考点是形容词最高级，考察句型the most +adj. +of A(A中最…的一个),注意最高级前面要加定冠词the。
参考译文：氦气是所有气体中最难液化的，而且它在常压下是不可能固化的。
2. Every year Canadian ______ about 75 percent of their exports to the United States.(A) businesses that sell(B) selling businesses(C) businesses sell(D) that sell to businessesKey: C分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构），分析句子结构，句子缺主语中心词和谓语。
参考译文：每一年加拿大的企业把它75％的商品出口到美国。
3. An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was ___ a traveling company.(A) to form the first(B) the first to form(C) who formed the first(D) forming the firstKey: B分析：考点是序数词结构，sb. be + the +序数词+ to do表示“某人是第几个做…的人”。
参考译文：作为一个芭蕾舞女演员,也是一个改革者，AM第一个成立旅游公司的人。
4. When water freezes in the cracks of rocks, _____ expands, causing the rocks to breakapart.a) itb) butc) thend) andKey: A分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构），通过分析，句子缺少主语，选A，用it指代water。
大学英语四级辅导
观众朋友大家好，欢迎您收看由考试在线频道和北京新东方学校为您联合录制的大学英语四级考试准备的节目，我是来自北京新东方学校的听力老师张扬，其实我和大家也一样，经历过大学的时代，也考过英语考试，并且我也能感受到大家现在心里的焦虑，或者说一种紧张，毕竟这是我们在大学第一次独立的准备一个考试，但是我想告诉你们的是其实你会发现当你走过了这样一段过程，你会发现其实整个过程当中你需要掌握的很多东西，都慢慢的会云开雾散，我们今天主要跟大家讲听力，而听力考试在新四级考试中的比重非常大，我们知道2006年新四级考试已经逐渐代替了老四级考试，而新老四级最大区别体现在听力分值的差别，在老四级的分值上面听力只有20分，不算是最重要的题目，但是在新四级考试，听力的比重已经占到35分，所以这样一种变化也需要大家对听力保持足够的关注。
新老四级很大区别我们说在听力的题型上也会发生一些变化，我们首先跟大家介绍一下四级考试听力的大纲及其题型的要求。
四级考试的听力要求大家通过四级考试听力以后能够去听懂一些日常的交流和对话，并且能够听懂一些课堂的讲座，因此它整个这样的题型全部是围绕这两个方面进行的，目前新四级考试的题型固定是四种，这四题型除了最后的第四种之外，前面三种和老四级并无区别。
首先第一种是大家非常熟悉的小对话题型。
小对话题型一般来说是日常对话8题，每题时间15秒钟，中间会间隔12秒左右是给你做选择的时间，这个时间你需要把四个选项仔细读完，在听到以后马上做出选择，甚至最好可以留下一些时间为预测后面的选项做准备。
第二组题型我们称之为小短文，小短文题型是四级考试最古老的题型，它的要求是在通过四级考试听力以后，去出国的时候，你能够听懂老师的一些课堂讲座，因此短文的题材主要是一些科普小文章，或者是一些新闻的小文体，或者我们称之为一些小故事，它的篇幅都不太长，一般在150到180个词之间，因此我们需要在那一段时间保持高度关注，将后面3到4题做完。
托福TPO4阅读真题及答案Part2
托福TPO4阅读真题及答案Part2托福TPO作为托福的模考工具，它的题目对于我们备考托福很有参考价值，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家整理了托福TPO4阅读真题及答案Part2，望喜欢！托福TPO4阅读真题原文：Part2Cave Art in EuropeThe earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings, and then paintings, from sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. But painting may be even older than that. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters and cliff faces at least 30,000 years ago, and maybe as much as 60,000 years ago.The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of ahuman image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing.The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period thatfollowed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings. Many shafts of spears and similar objects were decorated with figures of animals. The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has an interesting interpretation of some of the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic. He believes that as far back as 30,000 B.C., hunters may have used a system of notation, engraved on bone and stone, to mark phases of the Moon. If this is true, it would mean that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and were consciously aware of their environment. In addition to other artworks, figurines representing the human female in exaggerated form have also been found at Upper Paleolithic sites. It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.Paragraph 1: The earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings, and then paintings, from sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show amarked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. But painting may be even older than that. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters and cliff faces at least 30,000 years ago, and maybe asmuch as 60,000 years ago.托福TPO4阅读题目：Part21.The word "marked" in the passage is closest in meaning to○considerable○surprising○limited○adequate2.Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about painting in Europe?○It is much older than painting in Australia.○It is as much as 28,000 years old.○It is not as old as painting in southern Africa.○It is much more than 30,000 years old.Paragraph 2: The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principallocations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.3.The word "principal" in the passage is closest in meaning to○major○likely○well p rotected○distinct4.According to paragraph 2, what makes some researchers think that certain cave paintings were connected with magical-religious activities?○The paintings were located where many people could easilysee them, allowing groups of people to participate in the magical-religious activities.○Upper Paleolithic people shared similar beliefs with contemporary peoples who use paintings of animals in their magical-religious rituals.○Evidence of magical-religious activities has been found in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves.○The paintings were found in hard-to-reach places away from the inhabited parts of the cave.Paragraph 3: The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing.5.The word "trappings" in the passage is closest in meaning to○conditions○problems○influences○decorations6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that if they drew a human image in their cave art, it would cause death or injury.○Many contemporary people believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, so they, like Upper Paleolithic people, rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.○If Up per Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.○Although many contemporary peoples believe that th e drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, researchers cannot explain why Upper Paleolithic people rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.7.According to paragraph 3, scholars explained chips in the painted figures of animals by proposing that○Upper Paleolithic artists used marks to record the animals they had seen○the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals for hunting○the artists had removed rough spots on the cave walls○Upper Paleolithic people used the paintings to increase their luck at hunting8.Why does the author mention that Upper Paleolithic cave art seemed to have "reached a peak toward the end of the UpperPaleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing"?○To argue that Upper Paleo lithic art ceased to include animals when herds of game became scarce○To provide support for the idea that the aim of the paintings was to increase the supply of animals for hunting○To emphasize the continued improvement in the quality of cave art throughout the Upper Paleolithic period○To show the direct connection between the decrease in herds of game and the end of the Upper Paleolithic period Paragraph 4: The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals(because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.9.According to paragraph 4, scholars believe that wild cattle, horses, and mammoths are the animals most frequently portrayed in cave paintings for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:○These animals were difficult to hunt because their unpredictable behavior.○People preferred these animals for their meat and for their skins.○The painters admired the beauty of these large animals.○People feared these animals because of their size and speed.10.According to paragraph 4, which of the following may best represent the attitude of hunters toward deer and reindeer in the Upper Paleolithic period?○Hunters did not fear deer and reindeers as much as they did large game animals such as horses and mammoths.○Hunters were not interested in hunting deer and reind eer because of their size and speed.○Hunters preferred the meat and hides of deer and reindeer to those of other animals.○Hunters avoided deer and reindeer because of their natural weapons, such as horns.11.According to paragraph 4, what change is evident in the art of the period following the Upper Paleolithic?○This new art starts to depict small animals rather than large ones.○This new art ceases to reflect the ways in which people obtained their food.○This new art no longer consists mostly of repre sentations ofanimals.○This new art begins to show the importance of hunting to the economy.Paragraph 5: Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings. Many shafts of spears and similar objects were decorated with figures of animals. The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has an interesting interpretation of some of the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic. He believes that as far back as 30,000 B.C., hunters may have used a system of notation, engraved on bone and stone, to mark phases of the Moon. If this is true, it would mean that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and were consciously aware of their environment. In addition to other artworks, figurines representing the human female in exaggerated form have also been found at Upper Paleolithic sites. It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.12.According to paragraph 5, which of the following has been used as evidence to suggest that Upper Paleolithic people were capable of complex thought and conscious awareness of their environment?○They engraved animal figures on the shafts of spears and other objects.○They may have used engraved signs to record the phases of the Moon.○Their figurines represented the human female in exaggerated form.○They may have used figurines to portray an ideal type or to express a desire for fertility.Paragraph 3: The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals.The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. █This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. █But if imp roving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. █Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing. █13.Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Therefore, if the paintings were connected with hunting, some other explanation is needed.Where would the sentence best fit?14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that explain the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Upper Paleolithic cave paintings in Western Europe are among humanity's earliest artistic efforts.● ●●Answer choices○Researchers have proposed several different explanations for the fact that animals were the most common subjects in the cave paintings.○The art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic ceased to portray large game animals and focused instead on the kinds of animals that people of that period preferred to hunt.○Some researchers believe that the paintings found in France provide more explicit evidence of their symbolic significance than those found in Spain, southern Africa, and Australia.○The cave paintings focus on portraying animals without also depicting the natural environments in which these animals are typically found.○Some researchers have argued that the cave paintings mostly portrayed large animals that provided Upper Paleolithic people with meat and materials.○Besides cave paintings, Upper Paleolithic people produced several other kinds of artwork, one of which has been thought to provide evidence of complex thought托福TPO4阅读题目答案：Part2参考答案：1. ○12. ○23. ○14. ○45. ○46. ○37. ○48.○29. ○310. ○111. ○312. ○213. ○314. Researchers have proposed…Some researchers believe…Besides cave paintings…托福TPO4阅读题目翻译：Part2参考翻译：欧洲的岩洞艺术迄今为止，发现的最早的并且有迹可寻的工艺品是珠链和雕刻，然后还有绘画，人类在旧石器时代晚期的遗址上发现了它们。
剑桥IGCSE课程数学科目试卷四
UCLES 2007
Answer(c)
0607/04/SP/10
minutes [3] [Turn over
4 2 f(x) = 5 .
1− x (a) Find f(–9).
For Examiner's
Use
(b) Solve f(x) = 2.
Answer(a)
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. You may use a pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
For Examiner's
Use
Answer(a)
km/h [2]
(b) One day, the train departed at 08 50 but, due to delays, the average speed was reduced by 10%. Calculate (i) the new arrival time,
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education
CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICS Paper 4 (Extended) SPECIMEN PAPER
AP-统计学-free-response复习要点
第一部分：exploring data很显然，从历年试题中，可以总结出，图形解释，以及最小二乘回归线几乎是每年必考的题目。
所以在复习这部分的时候，要重点复习做出图形后对图形的解释，从图形中读出的内容，其实很简单。
而最小二乘回归线这部分，只要从scatterplot开始，correlation，延续到最小二乘回归线的一系列内容。
第二部分：sampling and experimentation这部分的问答题，无非就是构造实验设计，即单盲实验，双盲实验，完全随机化设计，随机区组设计，配对设计。
需要在复习的时候多做真题，并且不能只用看的，要用写的，把一个题写完，写完整。
第三部分：anticipating patterns这部分，问答题主要会集中在随机变量（离散型随机变量以及连续型随机变量）的概率分布上以及样本统计量的抽样分布。
第四部分：statistical inference这部分就是两个内容：参数估计和假设检验。
只要判断好题目所给的是哪种条件下的参数估计和假设检验，再根据我们所讲的系统图，回忆起相应的内容。
这部分考试重点在t分布上。
真题最有代表性，一定要狂做真题的free-response部分。
并且不要用看的，一定要用对待考试的态度去做这个题，分析好题意，你的回答要让阅卷人知道你是了解这个题目的含义的，所以要想在fre-response中拿高分，一定要进行相应的文字描述以及列举公式，仅仅把结果列在答题纸上，是万万不行的。
回答这部分问题的时候，就像在写一个小论文，要有论点，同时需要有丰满的论据来支持。
这样，我们ap statistic的free-response就可以攻克了。
各位要考AP 统计的同学，在马同学的帮助下，我把1997年，2002年，2007年，以及2008年的真题（选择题）放到我的dropbox的空间中，把下载地址添加在这里，有需要的拿走吧~~“右键—目标另存为”就可以保存文件~~1997年真题下载地址：2002年真题下载地址：2007年真题下载地址：2008年released exam下载地址：2004—2009年free-response部分的真题下载地址：最后分享一个小东西~Good Questions for the Night Before the AP Exam:)下载地址：各位复习加油，碰到统计问题可以邮件给我~xuyiding@ 或者xuyiding@~~2010 AP statistics 备考策略—破解多项选择题北京新东方北美部AP项目徐一丁AP 统计的考试共分两大部分：多项选择题和自由问答题（也就是我们熟悉AP 统计的总分为100分，与5分制的对照关系如下表：其实从上表中，我们可以发现，68分即可以换成5分制的5分。
(完整word版)普林斯顿样题(2)(听力答案)
托福普林斯顿样题(2)1——10 DDBAB BDBDC11——20 ACCBA DAABD21——30 ABCDC CADBA31——40 CDBCC BADBB41——50 AADBC ACCBATOEFL LISTENING TEXT普林斯第二套样题1.-W: Do you know anyone who can translate this document?- M: What about the new se cretary? I heard he’s bili ngual.What does the man mean?2.-W: Did you hear the weather report for today?- M: The pollution’s going to be so bad they recommend staying indoors.What are the speakers discussing?3.-W: Don’t you think Bob should go into engineering ---I mean, he’s so good in math.- M: He’ll have to decide that for himself.What does the woman say about Bob?4.-W: I’ll be ready in a few minutes. I have to finish up this letter.- M: Ok, I’ll go down to the lobby for a paper.What will the man probably do?5.-W: Did you see this article on the exhibit of eighteenth-century prints that opened today? - M: Yes, and I’ve already bought a ticket to see it next mo nth.What does the woman mean?6.-W: I’d like to apply for the part-time job.- M: Fine. Just fill out this form. Someone will be with you in a moment.What does the woman mean?7.-W: It’s ten o’clock. Is that too late for us to call Professor Brown about the student council meeting?- M: Let’s hold off till tomorrow.What does the man mean?8.- W: Did you get a study manual for your driver’s test?- M: I had Dan pick one up for me.What does the woman mean?9.- W: Every time I come to the gym, you’re here exercising.- M: I try to work out whenever I have a chance.What does the woman mean?10.- W: Would you have some free time to look at this proposal for me?- M: I’m kind of busy now. How does late this afternoon so und?What does the woman mean?11.- M1: I was going to take organic chemistry next semester---but now it’s been cut.- M2: I heard the university’s going to double the tuition, too.What can be inferred about the university?12.- W: Could I get a ride with you to the concert tonight?- M: I can’t go, but you might ask Betty. I think she’s leaving around 7:30.What does the woman mean?13.- W: You’ve been living off campus this year, haven’t you?- M: Yes, and I’m going to next year too---It’s so much nicer than living in the dorm itory. What does the man mean?14.- W: You ought to see a doctor about that cough.- M: I guess I should. I’ve been putting it off for d ays.What does the woman mean?15.- W: What do you want to do tonight?- M: There’s supposed to be a good documentary on channel eight.What does the man mean?16.- W: I’ve finally decided about my history paper. I’m going to focus on the Civil War.- M: That’s so broad---do you think it’ll be approved?What does the man imply?17.-W: Sorry you had to miss the seminar, how’re you doing now?- M: I took it easy last week---it’s amazing what a li ttle rest can do.What does the man mean?18.-W: Is the snack bar always this deserted?- M: It’s the end of the semester. Everyone’s in the library studyi ng.What does the woman imply?19.-W: Are you going to play tennis with us today?- M: I promised Bill I’d go hiking with him---and I’m really looking forward to it.What does the man mean?20.- W: Joe’s not planning to go to California again this summer.- M: But with his new schedule, he could.What does the woman say about Joe?21.- W: If Professor Thomson was willing to give us a three-day extension to finish the project, maybe she’ll give us a few more days.- M: Let’s not push our luck, okay?What does the man mean?22.- W: Do you know what’s wrong with Mark? He’s been acting very strangely lately.- M: Come on, with his parents coming to visit next week---right after he’s moved into a new apartment---h’s just got a lot on his mind.What does the woman say about Mark?23.- W: you look cold and tired. Could I buy you a hot cup of tee?- M: Oh, that would be just what the doctor ordered.What does the man mean?24.- W: There were only twenty students a last night’s meeting, so nothing could be voted on. - M: That’s too bad. They’ll have to turn out in greater numbers if they want a voice in campus issues.What does the woman mean?25.- W: Have we received response form everybody we invited?- M: Only Tina can’t c ome.What does the woman mean?26.- W: I hope the view form the balcony is good.- M: No problem---you can see the actors no ma tter where you’ve sitting.What kind of place are the speakers probably talking about?27.- W: Could you use a hand with those suitcases?- M: If you wouldn’t mind.What does the man mean?28.- W: You’re redecorating your apartment, aren’t you? How’s c oming along?- M: I’m just taking it one step at a ti me.What does the woman imply?29.- W: We’re supposed to pick up the tickets to sell this afternoon.- M: Oh, so they have been printed.What had the man assumed about the tickets?30.- W: Were you able to reach Lucy at home?- M: I couldn’t get to a phone.What does the man mean?-Question 31-34. Listen to a telephone call to a professor.- M: Math Department. Dr. Webster speaking.- W: Hello, Professor Webster. This is Janet Hill calling. I live two doors down from yourteaching assistant, Don Williams. Don asked me to call you because he’s lost his voice and can’t talk to you himself.- M: Lost his voice? That’s too bad. Is there anything I can do for him?- W: Well, he has a class this afternoon from two-thirty to four, and he won’t be able to make it. But he doesn’t want to cancel it either.- M: Does he want me to try to find somebody else to teach it?- W: No, not exactly. What he wants to do is get someone to go in for him---just to pass back t he midterm exams. He’s already marked them and they are on the desk in his office. The whole thing wouldn’t take more than….ehh, ten minutes or so.- M: Two-thirty, you say? Well, I’m free then, and I was going to be on campus anyway, so I could do it for him. Where’s his class?- W: Carter Hall, room two-fourteen. Will you need his office key to get the exams? I could bring it to you.- M: Well, actually, that won’t be necessary. We have a master key in the Math Department. So I can get into his office.- W: Thank you. Professor Webster.- M: My pleasure.- W: Don doesn’t have another class to teach until Thursday, and hopefully he’ll be able to talk by then. He’ll call you as soon as he can. Oh, and…uh…I almost forgot…- M: Yes?- W: Could you put the next assignment on the board too? They should solve the equations at the end of chapter eight, and that’s due at the next class.- M: Okay. No trouble at all. Thanks for the news about Don, and tell him not to worry about this.31. What is Don’s problem?32.What favor does Don want someone to do for him?33.What does Janet offer to do?34. What does Janet almost forget to ask Professor Webster to do?-Questions 35-39. Listen to two students talk about an experiment in a science class.- M: Have you done the lab for physiology yet---the one on taste?- W: Yeah, it was kind of fun---mapping the taste buds? Didn’t you think so?- M: I’m doing it this afternoon. How long will it take?- W: It went pretty quickly---under an hour, anyway. See, first you mix up the four solutions. - M: You take water and add either sugar, lemon juice, salt, or…What was it?- W: Bitter quinine.- M: That’s it…uh…then what?- W: Then all you have to do is taste each sample and describe where each flavor seems most intense.- M: Is that hard?- W: Not really. One thing to remember though---not all the taste buds are on the tongue. - M: Right. I’ll keep that in mind. And thanks for going over this with me. Maybe we could talk about this after I’ve tried it---we could get a pizza or something.- W: Great. Give me a call.35. What is the main purpose of the lab experiment?36.About how long does it take to do the experiment?37. What does the woman remind the man about?38. How does the man close the conversation?-Questions 39-42. Listen to “Science Watch,” a daily radio program.- W: Word comes form California of a new weapon I the war on household pests. Two scientists working for a firm in Anaheim, California, have developed a method to eliminate insects without using dangerous chemicals. The new poison? Hot air. The basic idea is that insects cannot adjust to temperatures much above normal. In laboratory experiments, cockroaches and termites can’t survive much more than a quarter of an hour at 125 degree F, or about 50 degrees centigrade.- The new method involves covering a house with a huge tent and filling it with air heated to around 65 degrees centigrade. Hot air is forced in with fans, and the tent keeps the heat inside the house. Since termites try to escape by hiding in wooden beams, the heat treatment must be continued for a full six hours. But when it’s all over and the insects are dead, there are no toxic residues to endanger humans or pets and no funny smells. Scientists claim that there is no danger of fire, either, since very few household materials will burn at 65 degrees centigrade in fact wood is prepared for construction use by drying it in ovens at 80 degrees centigrade, which is substantially hotter than the air used in this procedure.39. What is the talk mainly about?40. According to the speaker, what makes the new system better than other treatments.?41. Why are the houses covered with tents?42. Why does the speaker mention that construction wood is dried by heat?-Qusetions 43-46. Listen to a teacher talk to students in her freshman English course.- W: I’m sure you realize that your research papers are due in six weeks. I’ve looked at your proposed topics and made comments about them. The most frequent problem was proposing too broad a topic---remember, this is only a fifteen---page paper. As I return you topic papers. I’d like to look over the schedule which sketches out what we’ll do during the next two weeks. Today is Monday, by Friday, I want your preliminary outline. Please be sure to incorporate the suggestions I’ve made on your topics and your outlines. Next week I’ll have a conference with each of you. I’ve posted a schedule on my office door---sign your name to indicate the time you’re available for an appointment. In the conference, we'll discuss your prelim inary outline. Then you can make the necessary revisions and hand in your final outline, which is due two weeks form today.- Use the outline style in your textbook and remember it should be no more than two pages long. Be sure to begin with a thesis statement---that is with a precise statement of the point you intend to prove and include a conclusion. Have you got all that? Your two-page preliminary outlines are due at the end of this week and the final outlines are due after your conferences. Follow the text book style and include a thesis statement and conclusion.43. What does the speaker mainly discuss?44. When will conferences be held?45. What is the purpose of the conference?46. According to the speaker, how should the outline begin?-Questions 47-50. Listen to a talk given by a tour guide at a museum.- M: Before we begin our tour, I’d like to give you some background information on the painter Grant Wood---we’ll be seeing much of his work today. Wood was born in 881in Iowa country, and became interested in art very early in life. Although he studied art in both Minneapolis and at the Art Institute of Chicago, the strongest influences on his art were European. He spent time in both Germany and France and his study there helped shape his own stylized form of realism.- When he returned to Iowa, Wood applied the stylistic realism he had learned in Europe to the rural life he saw around him and that he remembered from his childhood around the turn of the century. His portraits of farm families imitate the static formalism of photographs of early settlers posed in front of their homes. His paintings of farmers at work, and of their tools and animals, demonstrate a serious respect for the life of the mid-western United States. By the 1930’s, Wood was a leading figure of the school of art called “American regionalism.”- In an effort to sustain a strong Mid-western artistic movement. Wood established an institute of Mid-western art in his home state. Although the institute failed, the paintings you are about to see preserve Woo d’s vision of pioneer farmers.47. What is the main purpose of the talk?48. What had an important effect on Wood’s early art?49.What would be most likely to appear in a painting by Wood?50. According to the speaker, how did Wood try to encourage Mid-western art?。