普林斯顿样题1 section 2
不做能力之外的事，但要做全能之内的每一件事。
一个人应当将人类最伟大的责任及其目标与理想，放在日常生活，及当下所发生的事物之上。
例如：藉由这些练习的养成，来发展自我，以便于帮助同人类，提供建议。
即使不见得在短期之内能见到成果。
这便是正精进(To let all the foregoing exercises become a habit)普林斯顿样题①Section 21. Simple photographic lenses cannot _____ sharp, undistorted images over a主语谓语定语宾语状语wide field.(A) to form(B) are formed(C) forming(D) form分析：考点是情态动词与动词原形构成谓语。
句子主语为simple photographic lenses,宾语为images，所以空格处应和情态动词cannot构成句子的复合谓语。
参考译文：简易的摄像机镜头不能捕捉住大范围的清晰而不失真的影像。
2. Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is状语主语谓语表语定从most.(A) it influences farmers(B) that influences farmers(C) farmers that it influences(D) why farmers influence it分析：考点是定语从句。
逗号前是介词短语做状语，逗号后才是这句话的主句。
Weather is the one（factor），one代替前面的factor，句子已经完整。
则the one 后的空格应修饰the one, that在此引导定语从句。
参考译文：在所有影响农业收成的因素中，天气是对农民影响最大的因素之一。
3. Beverly Sills, ______, assumed directorship of the New York City Opera in主语同位语谓语宾语定语状语1979.(A) be a star soprano(B) was a star soprano(C) a star soprano and(D) a star soprano分析：考点是同位语。
句子主语是BS，谓语是assumed，宾语是directorship，主语后的空格应该为主语的同位语，起补充说明主语的作用。
参考译文：著名的女高音Beverly Sills, 曾于1979年在纽约市歌剧院担任指挥。
4. ______ of tissues is known as histology.主语谓语状语(A) Studying scientific(B) The scientific study(C) To study scientifically(D) That is scientific studying分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构）,of前应该用名词或者是名词性短语，The scientific study of tissue整体作为句子的主语。
参考译文：对组织的科学性的研究被称为是组织学。
5. With the exception of mercury, ______ at standard temperature and pressure.状语主谓状语(A) the metallic elements are solid(B) which is a solid metallic element(C) metallic elements being solid(D) since the metallic elements are solid分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构）, 空格前部分为介词短语做状语，空格后也为介词短语做状语。
空格内应该有主句的主谓结构。
参考译文：除了水银以外，金属在标准温度和压力下是固态。
6. Potential dehydration is that a land animal faces.主语谓语表语定从(A) the often greatest hazard(B) the greatest often hazard(C) often the greatest hazard(D) often the hazard greatest分析：考点是语序。
Be动词后为表语，表语后接了定语从句，则空格内为一名词短语。
形容词最高级修饰名词，一般是最高级+adj.+n.。
而often，always etc. 一类的表示频率的副词一般在助动词后实意动词前。
此句的谓语为是动词be，所以选C。
参考译文：脱水通常是陆地动物面临的最大潜在危险。
7. By tracking the eye of a hurricane, forecasters can determine the speed at状语主语谓语宾语定从(A) is a storm moving(B) a storm is moving(C) is moving a storm(D) a moving storm分析：考点是定语从句。
which引导一个定语从句，at which做从句中状语并前置。
参考译文：通过追踪飓风的风眼（飓风中心的相对平静的圆形区域），预报人员能够判断暴风雨运动的速度。
8. The Grapes of Wrath, a novel about the Depression years of the 1930’s, is谓语表语(A) most famous(B) the most famous(C) are most famous(D) and most famous分析：考点是形容词最高级省略结构，注意这道题不能选B，因为前面已经有sb’s ,就不能再加the了。
参考译文：《愤怒的葡萄》，一本关于1930年大萧条时期的小说，是JS的最著名的小说之一。
9. Technology will play a key role in _____ future life-styles.主语谓语宾语状语(A) to shape(B) shaping(C) shape of(D) shaped分析：考点是非谓语动词。
In为介词，动词shape置于其后应改为动名词。
参考译文：科技会在未来生活方式的形成过程中起关键作用。
10The computer has dramatically affected _____ photographic lenses are定从constructed.(A) is the way(B) that the way(C) which way do(D) the way分析：考点是宾语成份和定语从句省略结构，affect是及物动词，其后要加宾语。
注意the way+ (in which)+ sb/sth do表示作某事的方法，in which 通常省略。
参考译文：计算机已经极大地影响了摄影镜头构成的方式。
11. The early railroads were _____ the existing arteries of transportation: roads,主语谓语表语定从turnpikes, canals, and other waterways.c) connected by short linesd) short connecting lines分析：考点是句子结构中的表语成份。
空格前为be动词，空格后为名词短语；纵观四个选项，空格内要有能做表语和能连接后面名词短语的成分。
B选项中的that 从句是short lines 的定语从句。
参考译文：早期的公路是一些连接现存的公路，收税路，运河和其他水路的交通动脉的短线。
12. ______ as a masterpiece, a work of art must transcend the ideals of the状语主语谓语宾语定语period in which it was created.定从(A) Ranks(B) The ranking(C) To be ranked(D) For being ranked分析：考点是状语成份，逗号前为句子的状语部分。
主句的主语为a work of art，是物，状语中动词rank只可用被动形式。
表目的时，D中for doing sth. 主语多为人时。
C中to be ranked=in order to be ranked，不定式做目的状语。
参考译文：一件艺术品只有超越了它被创作的时代的理想，才能成为一件杰作。
13. Jackie Robinson, ______ to play baseball in the major leagues, joined the主语同位语谓语宾语Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947.状语(A) the Black American who first(B) the first Black American(C) was the first Black American(D) the first and a Black American who分析：考点是同位语。
句子完整，空格在主语后面，由逗号隔开，多数情况下是同位语。
参考译文：JB，是第一个在大俱乐部打篮球的美国黑人，于1947年加入了布鲁克林道奇队。
14. During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross, _____ out of emergency状语主语状语headquarters in Mississippi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless.谓语宾语状语(A) operates(B) is operating(C) has operated(D) operating分析：考点是谓语单一原则和状语成份。
本句主句已经是一个完整的句子结构，空格置于主语后面，只可能为定语从句，同谓语或是状语。
纵观四选项，除D 外都是动词短语，所以只有D能做句子的状语部分。
参考译文：在1927年的大洪水中，从红十字会在密西西比紧急司令部分离出来，为无家可归的人建立了临时住所。
15. In bacteria and in other organisms, ______ is the nucleic acid DNA that状语强调句型provides the genetic information.(A) both(B) which(C) and(D) it分析：考点是强调句型。
普林斯顿创造力测验
普林斯顿创造力测验普林斯顿创造力测验指导语：本测验用以测量创造力，请在每一句话后面，用一个字母表示同意或不同意，A 同意的，B不同意的，C 不清楚或吃不准的。
回答必须准确、忠实。
1．我不做盲目的事，干什么都有的放矢，用正确的步骤来解决每一个问题。
2．只是提出问题而不想到答案，无疑是浪费时间。
3．无论什么事情，要我解决，总是比别人困难。
4．我认为合乎逻辑的、循序渐进，是解决问题的最好方法。
5．有时，我在小组里发表意见，似乎使一些人感到厌烦。
6．我花费大量时间来考虑别人是怎样看待我们的。
7．做自认为正确的事情，比力求取得别人赞同重要得多。
8．我不尊重那些做事似乎没有把握的人。
9．我需要的刺激和兴趣比别人多。
10．我知道如何在考试前，保持自己的心情镇静。
11．我能坚持很长一段时间解决难题。
12．我有时对事情过于热心。
13．在特别无事可做时，我倒常常想出好主意。
14．在解决问题时，我常常单凭直觉判断“正确”或“错误”15．在解决问题时，我分析问题较快，而综合所收集的材料较慢。
16．有时，我打破常规去做我原来并未想到要做的事。
17．我有收集东西的癖好。
18．幻想促进了我许多重要计划的提出。
19．我喜欢客观而又有理性的人。
20．如果让我在两种职业中选择一种，我宁愿当一个实际工作者，而不愿当探索者。
21．我能与我的同事或同行们很好地相处。
22．我有较高的审美感。
23．在一生中，我一直追求着名利和地位。
24．我喜欢坚信自己的结论的人。
25．灵感与获得成功无关。
26．使我感到最高兴的是，原来与我观点不一样的人变成了我的朋友，即使牺牲我原先的观点也在所不惜。
27．我更大的兴趣在于提出新的建议，而不在于设法说服别人接受这些建议。
28．我乐意独自一人整天“深思熟虑” 。
29．我往往避免做那种使我感到低下的工作。
30．评价资料时，我觉得资料的来源比其内容更为重要31．我不满意那些不确定和不可预言的事32．我喜欢埋头苦干的人。
语法-普林斯顿样题 2
普林斯顿样题21. Helium is _____ all gases to liquefy and is impossible to solidify at normal air pressure.(A) more than difficult(B) the most difficult of(C) more difficult of(D) most difficult2. Every year Canadian ______ about 75 percent of their exports to the United States.(A) businesses that sell(B) selling businesses(C)businesses sell(D) that sell to businesses3. An innovator（主语同位语）, ballerina Augusta Maywood was ___ a traveling company.(A) to form the first(B) the first to form(C) who formed the first(D) forming the first4. When water freezes in the cracks of rocks（时间状语）, _____ expands, causing the rocks to break apart（结果状语）.(A) it(B) but(C) then(D) and5. With x-ray microscopes scientists can see through live insects ___ even through solid pieces of metal.(A) however(B) nevertheless(C) or(D) yet6. Dennis Chavez of New Mexico _____ to the House of Representatives in 1930 and to the Senate in 1938.(A) when elected(B) elected(C) who was elected(D) was elected7. _______ are not leached out of soil, reclamation procedures are needed to restore theland’s productivity.(A) For concentration of salt(B) Salt concentrations that(C) If salt concentrations(D) With concentrations of salt8. ______ social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than theexpansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.(A) No(B) Nothing(C) Not(D) None9. ______ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal.(A) In early(B) As early(C) Early(D) Was as early10. The quantum theory states ______, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tinydefinite units called quanta or photons.(A) energy that(B) that it is energy(C) it is energy(D) that energy11. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable _______ spring into full flightinstantly when disturbed in their hiding places.(A) they(B) to their(C) its(D) them to12. Geysers are found near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil ______.(A) surface below the deep(B) deep below the surface(C) the deep below surface(D) the deep surface below13. Algebra generalizes certain basic laws _____ the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of all numbers.(A) govern(B) that govern(C) have governed(D) which they govern14. Even at low levels（让步状语）,______(A) the nervous system has produced detrimental effects by lead(B) lead’s detrimental effects are producing the nervous system(C) lead produces detrimental effects on the nervous system(D) the detrimental effects produced by lead on the nervous system15. _____ a lonely and rugged life, far from home and family.(A) However the early gold prospector often lived(B) The early gold prospector often lived(C) Not only did the early gold prospector often live(D) The early gold prospector often living16. The culinary expert Fannie Farmer taught dietetics, kitchen management, and to cookat her famous Boston school.17. The elephant relies more on its sense of smell than for any other sense.17. A few of the naturally elements exist in such small amounts that they are knownmainly from laboratory-made samples.19. Some insects hear ultrasonic sounds more than two octaves than higher humans can.20. Because of its larger size, the United States House of Representatives is moreimpersonal, hierarchical, and specialization than the Senate.21. To stay warm in cold weather cold-blooded animals must expose itself to a source ofwarmth such as direct sunlight.22. A severe illness where she was just nineteen months old deprived the well-knownwriter and lecturer Helen Keller of both her sight and her hearing.23. Like all ecological systems, a forest is made up of a living environment and a nonlivingenvironment, the latter composed of air, rocks,soiled,and water.24. The purposeful of the elementary school is to introduce children to the skills,information, and attitudes necessary for a smooth adjustment to society.25. Notorious as a host for wheat rust, the barberry bush has been banned from manyarea.26. Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has starred in stage, television and filmproductions on both sides the Atlantic Ocean.27. A microphone enables musical tones to be amplified, thus making it possible thegentle renditions of soft songs in large halls.28. The poetry of e.e. cummings illustrates the way in which some poets bendgrammatical rules as they strive to expression their insights.29. In the wild, tea plants become trees of approximately thirty feet in high.30. Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting significantfinancial events.31. The development of the watch depended upon the invent of the mainspring.32. The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians who were forcible moved from their homeland inthe 1830’s is remembered as the “Trail of Tears.”33. Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety of injuries if participants pushthemselves greatly hard.34. The structure but behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex forsingle-celled animals.35. Alaska’s rough climate and terrain divide the state into isolated regions, makinghighway maintenance difficulty.36. For hundreds of years, sailors relied on echoes to warn them of another ships,icebergs or cliffs in foggy weather.37. Although he is employed in the scientific and technical fields, the metric system is notgenerally utilized in the United States.38. Prototypical oboes did a loud, harsh tone, but the modern oboe is appreciated for itssmooth and beautiful tone.39. Beneath the deep oceans that cover two-thirds of the Earth, intriguing secret of theplanet are concealed.40. The pioneer John Chapman received the “Johnny Appleseed” because he plantedapple seedlings during him travels in what are now Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.。
老友记第一季第一集笔记
老友记第一季第一集笔记------[b]The One Where Monica Gets a New Roommate (The Pilot-The Uncut Version)[/b] Written by: Marta Kauffman and David CraneTranscribed by: guineapigAdditional transcribing by: Eric Aasen (Note: The previously unseen parts of this episode are shown in blue text.)Scene: Warm weekend afternoon. A small street in Manhattan. Around the corner, a small café Central Perk is standing with flowers waving above the door. Some guys are enjoying their time inside. Now we can see in the sofas sitting four guys, Chandler, Joey, Phoebe, and Monica.一个清爽的午后，阳光撒在身上有说不出的舒服。
这里是曼哈顿一个普通的街道，转过一个街角，看到一簇大丽花挂在一个小咖啡店的标牌前面，牌子上刻着Central Perk,一看便知是在开Central Park中央公园的玩笑。
隔着窗子看进去，生意不错，几个一堆边喝边聊，不时爆发出一阵阵笑声喝碰杯的声音。
也有一个人独坐窗边静静思考，出神地看着外面的景致。
Monica: There‘s nothing to tell! He‘s just some guy I work with!Monica开始了老友记的第一句话Joey: C‘mon, you‘re going out with the guy! There‘s gotta be something wrong with him!每天要说无数次的―出什么事了？‖―怎么了‖，英语里最救急的一句就是what‘s wrong (with som ebody/something)?你看到窗户总是在半夜自己敞开，伴随着―吱――‖的响动,something wrong is going on!再比如，你劝朋友今晚别看电视了，因为吵着你睡觉了，朋友自然不乐意，于是你说一句this is simply wrong!(你就是不该这么做)先让他感到事态严峻，随后说原因，如果每天都看无聊的soaps 肥皂剧，自然不适合追求修养的人。
TOEFL普林斯顿样题1语法笔记
TOEFL普林斯顿样题1语法笔记编委：Maya1. Simple photographic lenses cannot _____ sharp, undistorted images over a widefield.(A) to form(B) are formed(C) forming(D) formKey: D分析：考点是情态动词。
句子主语为simple photographic lenses,宾语为images，所以空格处应和情态动词cannot构成句子的复合谓语。
值得注意的是form是及物动词，其后要加宾语。
参考译文：简易的摄像机镜头不能捕捉住大范围的清晰而不失真的影像。
2. Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is the one ____ the most.(A) it influences farmers(B) that influences farmers(C) farmers that it influences(D) why farmers influence itKey: B分析：考点是定语从句逗号前是介词短语做状语，逗号后才是这句话的主句。
Weather is the one（factor），one代替前面的factor，句子已经完整。
则the one后的空格应修饰the one,选B，that引导定语从句。
参考译文：在所有影响农业的因素中，天气是对农民影响最大的因素之一。
3. Beverly Sills, ______ assumed directorship of the New York City Opera in 1979.(A) be a star soprano(B) was a star soprano(C) a star soprano and(D) a star sopranoKey: D分析：考点是同位语句子主语是BS，谓语是assumed，宾语是directorship，主语后的空格应该为主语的同位语，起解释说明的作用。
普林斯顿样题2.听力原文
Part A1.W: Do you know anyone who can translate this document?M: What about the new secretary? I heard he’s bilingual.2.W: Did you hear the weather report for today?M: The pollution’s going to be so bad they recommend staying indoors.3.W: Don’t you think Bob should go into engineering –I mean, he’s so good inmath.M: He’ll have to decide that for himself.4.W: I’ll be ready in a few minutes. I have to finish up this letter.M: OK, I’ll go down to the lobby for a paper.5.W: Did you see this article on the exhibit of eighteenth-century prints that openedtoday?M: Y es, and I’ve already bought a ticket to see it next month.6.M: I’d like to apply for the part-time job.W: Fine. Just fill out this form. Someone will be with you in a moment.7.W: It’s ten o’clock. Is that too late for us to call Professor Brown about the studentcouncil meeting?M: Let’s hold off till tomorrow.8.W: Did you get a study manual for your driver’s test?M: I had Dan pick one up for me.9.W: Every time I come to the gym, you’re here exercising.M: I try to work out whenever I have a chance.10.W: Would you have some free time to look at this proposal for me?M: I’m kind of busy now. How does late this afternoon sound?11.M1: I was going to take organic chemistry next semester – but now it’s been cut.M2: I heard the university’s going to double the tuition, too.12.M: Could I get a ride with you to the concert tonight?W: I can’t go, but you might ask Betty. I think she’s leaving around 7:30.13.W: Y ou’ve been living off campus this year, haven’t you?M: Y es, and I’m going to next year too –it’s so much nicer than living in the dormitory.14.M: Y ou ought to see a doctor about the cough.W: I guess I should. I’ve been putting it off for days.15.W: What do you want to do tonight?M: There’s supposed to be a good documentary on channel eight.16.W: I’ve finally decided about my history paper: I’m going to focus on the CivilWar.M: That’s so broad – do you think it’ll be approved?17.W: Sorry you had to miss the seminar; how’re you doing now?M: I took it easy last week – it’s amazing what a little rest can do.18.W: Is the snack bar always this deserted?M: It’s the end of the semester. Everyone’s in the library studying.19.W: Are you going to play tennis with us today?M: I promised Bill I’d go hiking with him – and I’m really looking forward to it.20.M: Joe’s not planning to go the California again this summer.W: But with his new schedule, he could.21.W: If Professor Thomson was willing to give us a three-day extension to finish theproject, maybe she’ll give us a few more days.M: Let’s not push our luck贪心；得寸进尺, okay?22.W: Do you know what’s wrong with Mark? He’s been acting very strangely lately.M: Come on, with his parents coming to visit next week – right after he’s moved into a new apartment – he’s just got a lot on his mind.23.W: Y ou look cold and tired. Could I buy you a hot cup of tea?M: Oh, that would be just what the doctor ordered.24.M: There were only twenty students at last night’s meeting, so nothing could bevoted on.W: That’s too bad. They’ll have to turn out in greater numbers if they want a voice 发言权in campus issues.25.W: Have we received responses from everybody we invited?M: Only Tina can’t come.26.W: I hope the view from the balcony包厢；戏院楼厅is good.M: No problem – you can see the actors no matter where you’re sitting.27.W: Could you use a hand with those suitcases?M: If you wouldn’t mind.28.W: Y ou’re redecorating your apartment, aren’t you? How’s it coming along?M: I’m just taking it one step at a time.29.W: We’re supposed to pick up the tickets to sell this afternoon.M: Oh, so they have been printed.30.W: Were you able to reach Lucy at home?M: I couldn’t get to a phone.Part B31-34 A telephone call to a professorM: Math Department. Dr. Webster speaking.W: Hello, Professor Webster. This is Janet Hill calling. I live two doors down from your teaching assistant, Don Williams. Don asked me to call you because he’s lost his voice and can’t talk to you himself.M: Lost his voice? That’s too bad. Is there anything I can do for him?W: Well, he has a class this afternoon from two-thirty to four, and he won’t be able to make it. But he doesn’t want to cancel it either.M: Does he want me to try to find somebody else to teach it?W: No, not exactly. What he wants to do is get someone to go in (enter a house or room) for him – just to pass back the midterm exams. He’s already marked them and they are on the desk in his office: the whole thing wouldn’t take more than…ehh, ten minutes or so.M: Two-thirty, you say? Well, I’m free then, and I was going to be on campus anyway, so I could do it for him. Where’s his class?W: Carter Hall, room two-fourteen. Will you need his office key to get the exams? Icould bring it to you.M: Well, actually, that won’t be necessary. We have a master key万能钥匙in the Math Department. So I can get into his office.W: Thank you, Professor Webster.M: My pleasure.W: Don doesn’t have another class to teach until Thursday, and hopefully he’ll be able to talk by then,. He’ll call you as soon as he can. Oh, and…uh…I almost forgot…M: Y es?W: Could you put the next assignment on the board too? They should solve the equations at the end of chapter eight, and that’s due at the next class.M: Okay. No trouble at all. Thanks for the news about Don, and tell him not to worry about this.31.What is Don’s problem?32.What favor does Don want someone to do for him?33.What does Janet offer to do?34.What does Janet almost forget to ask Professor Webster to do?35-38 An experiment in a science classM: Have you done the lab for physiology生理学yet – the one on taste?W: Y eah, it was kind of fun – mapping the taste buds. Didn’t you think so?M: I’m doing it this afternoon. How long will it take?W: It went pretty quickly –under an hour, anyway. See, first you mix up the four solutions.M: Y ou take water and add either sugar, lemon juice, salt, or… uh… What was it? W: Bitter quinine奎宁.M: That’s it…uh … then what?W: Then all you have to do is taste each sample and describe where each flavor seems most intense.M: Is that hard?W: Not really. One thing to remember though – not all the taste buds [解剖] 味蕾are on the tongue.M: Right. I’ll keep that in mind. And thanks for going over this with me. Maybe we could talk about this after I’ve tried it – we could get a pizza or something.W: Great. Give me a call.35.What is the main purpose of the lab experiment?36.About how long does it take to do the experiment?37.What does the woman remind the man about?38.How does the man close the conversation?Part C39-42 “Science Watch”, a daily radio programW: Word comes from California of a new weapon in the war on household pests. Two scientists working for a firm in Anaheim, California, have developed a method toeliminate insects without using dangerous chemicals. The new poison? Hot air.The basic idea is that insects cannot adjust to temperatures much above normal. In laboratory experiments, cockroaches蟑螂and termites白蚁can’t survive much more than a quarter of an hour at 125 degrees F, or about 50 degrees centigrade.The new method involves covering a house with a huge tent and filling it with air heated to around 65 degrees centigrade. Hot air is forced in with fans, and the tent keeps the heat inside the house. Since termites try to escape by hiding in wooden beams, the heat treatment must be continued for a full six hours. But when it’s all over, and the insects are dead, there are no toxic有毒的residues to endanger humans or pets and no funny smells. Scientists claim that there is no danger of fire, either, since very few household materials will burn at 65 degrees centigrade. In fact, wood is prepared for construction use by drying it in ovens at 80 degrees centigrade, which is substantially hotter than the air used in this procedure.39.What is the talk mainly about?40.According to the speaker, what makes the new system better than othertreatments?41.Why are the houses covered with tents?42.Why does the speaker mention that construction wood is dried by heat?43-46 A talk in the freshman English courseW: I’m sure you realize that your research papers are due in six weeks. I’ve looked at your proposed topics and made comments about them. The most frequent problem was proposing too broad a topic – remember, this is only a fifteen-page paper. As I return your topic papers, I’d like to look over the schedule which sketches out what we’ll do during the next two weeks. Today is Monday, by Friday, I want your preliminary outline. Please be sure to incorporate the suggestions I’ve made on your topics and your outlines. Next week I’ll have a conference with each of you. I’ve posted a schedule on my office door –sign your name to indicate the time you’re available for an appointment. In the conference, we’ll discuss your preliminary outline. Then you can make the necessary revisions and hand in your final outline, which is due two weeks from today.Use the outline style in your textbook and remember it should be no more than two pages long. Be sure to begin with a thesis statement中心句–that is with a precise statement of the point you intend to prove and include a conclusion. Have you got all that? Y our two-page preliminary outlines are due at the end of this week and the final outlines are due after your conferences. Follow the text book style and include a thesis statement and a conclusion.43.What does the speaker mainly discuss?44.When will conferences be held?45.What is the purpose of the conference?46.According to the speaker, how should the outline begin?47-50 A talk by a tour guide at a museumM: Before we begin our tour, I’d like to give you some background information onthe painter Grant Wood – we’ll be seeing much of his work today. Wood was born in 1881 in Iowa farm country, and became interested in art very early in life.Although he studied art in both Minneapolis and at the Art Institute of Chicago, the strongest influences on his art were European. He spent time in both Germany and France and his study there helped shape his own stylized form of realism.When he returned to Iowa, Wood applied the stylistic realism he had learned in Europe to the rural life he saw around him and that he remembered from his childhood around the turn of the century. His portraits of farm families imitate the static formalism of photographs of early settlers posed in front of their homes. 他的关于农村家庭的肖像画模仿了早期的定居者在他们家门口所拍摄的照片的静态形式His paintings of farmers at work, and of their tools and animals, demonstrate a serious respect for the life of the Midwestern United States. By the 1930’s, Wood was a leading figure of the school of art called “American regionalism”.地方主义In an effort to sustain a strong Midwestern artistic movement, Wood established an institute of Midwestern art in his home state. Although the institute failed, the paintings you are about to see preserve Wood’s vision of pioneer farmers.47.What is the main purpose of the talk?48.What had in important effect on Wood’s early art?49.What would be most likely to appear in a painting by Wood?50.According to the speaker, how did Wood try to encourage Midwestern art?。
TOEFL普林斯顿样题2语法笔记解读
TOEFL普林斯顿样题2语法笔记编委：Maya1. Helium is _____ all gases to liquefy and is impossible to solidify at normal airpressure.(A) more than difficult(B) the most difficult of(C) more difficult of(D) most difficultKey: B分析：考点是形容词最高级，考察句型the most +adj. +of A(A中最…的一个),注意最高级前面要加定冠词the。
参考译文：氦气是所有气体中最难液化的，而且它在常压下是不可能固化的。
2. Every year Canadian ______ about 75 percent of their exports to the United States.(A) businesses that sell(B) selling businesses(C) businesses sell(D) that sell to businessesKey: C分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构），分析句子结构，句子缺主语中心词和谓语。
参考译文：每一年加拿大的企业把它75％的商品出口到美国。
3. An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was ___ a traveling company.(A) to form the first(B) the first to form(C) who formed the first(D) forming the firstKey: B分析：考点是序数词结构，sb. be + the +序数词+ to do表示“某人是第几个做…的人”。
参考译文：作为一个芭蕾舞女演员,也是一个改革者，AM第一个成立旅游公司的人。
4. When water freezes in the cracks of rocks, _____ expands, causing the rocks to breakapart.a) itb) butc) thend) andKey: A分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构），通过分析，句子缺少主语，选A，用it指代water。
The Princeton Review 1014 practice questions for the new GRE 2nd editio1 答案及解析
The Princeton Review 1014 practice questions for the new GRE 2nd editionDiagnostic TestPassage 1Comparative historian Narc Ferro claims that the largest discrepancy in knowledge between what academic historians and what the average citizen knows about history is found in the United States. How has this situation com about? Certainly the problem does not lie with the secondary literature. [4]Whereas in the past, American historians were handicapped by secondary literature that was clearly biased towards movement of the 1950s and 60s, the secondary literature in American history has become far more comprehensive. And it cannot be simply a matter of space constraints; the average high school history textbook is well over a thousand pages in length.come to believe that their success is the deserved product of their hard work and ingenuity, then there will be no desire to change the system. Similarly, if the lower classes are taught that their plight is solely due to their failings, they will be more likely to accept their fate and less likely to rise up in revolution. Griffin and Marciano contend that history textbooks promote nothing more than hegemony.Many educational theorists share this viewpoint, which in their discipline is often known ascritical theory. Proponents of this view, including Kozol, Freire, and Giroux, argue that dominant classes would never create or foster and educational system that taught subordinateto transmit culture, the power elite will never allow any real reform in the system.It is all too easy to blame citizens’poor understanding of American history on some shadowy coterie of cultural aristocracy. But critical theory and other theories that lay the blame for American ignorance of history on the doorstep of the elites cannot explain their own success. Is it not a paradox that critical theory scholarship dominates its field? If the titans of society had as much power as the critical theorists contend, they would surely censor or marginalize the works of social scientists in this field. Furthermore, graduates of “elite” preparatory schools are exposed to alternative interpretations of history, subversive teachers, and unfiltered primary source materials more frequently than are students at public institutions. This would seem to indicate that the powerbrokers have little control over what happens at their very own schools, let alone far flung rural schools or schools deep in urban territory. The real culprit may be something not as insidious as a vast upper class conspiracy, but more along the lines of pernicious forces working at a highly local level. Almost half of the states have textbook adoption boards consisting of members of the community. These boards review and recommend what books are taught in neighborhood schools. And because textbook publishers are first and foremost seeking to maximize profit, it is these local boards that they must appease.文章分析：第一段，文章提出了一个问题，为什么elite和average citizens的区别主要在历史这方面。
(完整word版)普林斯顿样题(2)(听力答案)
托福普林斯顿样题(2)1——10 DDBAB BDBDC11——20 ACCBA DAABD21——30 ABCDC CADBA31——40 CDBCC BADBB41——50 AADBC ACCBATOEFL LISTENING TEXT普林斯第二套样题1.-W: Do you know anyone who can translate this document?- M: What about the new se cretary? I heard he’s bili ngual.What does the man mean?2.-W: Did you hear the weather report for today?- M: The pollution’s going to be so bad they recommend staying indoors.What are the speakers discussing?3.-W: Don’t you think Bob should go into engineering ---I mean, he’s so good in math.- M: He’ll have to decide that for himself.What does the woman say about Bob?4.-W: I’ll be ready in a few minutes. I have to finish up this letter.- M: Ok, I’ll go down to the lobby for a paper.What will the man probably do?5.-W: Did you see this article on the exhibit of eighteenth-century prints that opened today? - M: Yes, and I’ve already bought a ticket to see it next mo nth.What does the woman mean?6.-W: I’d like to apply for the part-time job.- M: Fine. Just fill out this form. Someone will be with you in a moment.What does the woman mean?7.-W: It’s ten o’clock. Is that too late for us to call Professor Brown about the student council meeting?- M: Let’s hold off till tomorrow.What does the man mean?8.- W: Did you get a study manual for your driver’s test?- M: I had Dan pick one up for me.What does the woman mean?9.- W: Every time I come to the gym, you’re here exercising.- M: I try to work out whenever I have a chance.What does the woman mean?10.- W: Would you have some free time to look at this proposal for me?- M: I’m kind of busy now. How does late this afternoon so und?What does the woman mean?11.- M1: I was going to take organic chemistry next semester---but now it’s been cut.- M2: I heard the university’s going to double the tuition, too.What can be inferred about the university?12.- W: Could I get a ride with you to the concert tonight?- M: I can’t go, but you might ask Betty. I think she’s leaving around 7:30.What does the woman mean?13.- W: You’ve been living off campus this year, haven’t you?- M: Yes, and I’m going to next year too---It’s so much nicer than living in the dorm itory. What does the man mean?14.- W: You ought to see a doctor about that cough.- M: I guess I should. I’ve been putting it off for d ays.What does the woman mean?15.- W: What do you want to do tonight?- M: There’s supposed to be a good documentary on channel eight.What does the man mean?16.- W: I’ve finally decided about my history paper. I’m going to focus on the Civil War.- M: That’s so broad---do you think it’ll be approved?What does the man imply?17.-W: Sorry you had to miss the seminar, how’re you doing now?- M: I took it easy last week---it’s amazing what a li ttle rest can do.What does the man mean?18.-W: Is the snack bar always this deserted?- M: It’s the end of the semester. Everyone’s in the library studyi ng.What does the woman imply?19.-W: Are you going to play tennis with us today?- M: I promised Bill I’d go hiking with him---and I’m really looking forward to it.What does the man mean?20.- W: Joe’s not planning to go to California again this summer.- M: But with his new schedule, he could.What does the woman say about Joe?21.- W: If Professor Thomson was willing to give us a three-day extension to finish the project, maybe she’ll give us a few more days.- M: Let’s not push our luck, okay?What does the man mean?22.- W: Do you know what’s wrong with Mark? He’s been acting very strangely lately.- M: Come on, with his parents coming to visit next week---right after he’s moved into a new apartment---h’s just got a lot on his mind.What does the woman say about Mark?23.- W: you look cold and tired. Could I buy you a hot cup of tee?- M: Oh, that would be just what the doctor ordered.What does the man mean?24.- W: There were only twenty students a last night’s meeting, so nothing could be voted on. - M: That’s too bad. They’ll have to turn out in greater numbers if they want a voice in campus issues.What does the woman mean?25.- W: Have we received response form everybody we invited?- M: Only Tina can’t c ome.What does the woman mean?26.- W: I hope the view form the balcony is good.- M: No problem---you can see the actors no ma tter where you’ve sitting.What kind of place are the speakers probably talking about?27.- W: Could you use a hand with those suitcases?- M: If you wouldn’t mind.What does the man mean?28.- W: You’re redecorating your apartment, aren’t you? How’s c oming along?- M: I’m just taking it one step at a ti me.What does the woman imply?29.- W: We’re supposed to pick up the tickets to sell this afternoon.- M: Oh, so they have been printed.What had the man assumed about the tickets?30.- W: Were you able to reach Lucy at home?- M: I couldn’t get to a phone.What does the man mean?-Question 31-34. Listen to a telephone call to a professor.- M: Math Department. Dr. Webster speaking.- W: Hello, Professor Webster. This is Janet Hill calling. I live two doors down from yourteaching assistant, Don Williams. Don asked me to call you because he’s lost his voice and can’t talk to you himself.- M: Lost his voice? That’s too bad. Is there anything I can do for him?- W: Well, he has a class this afternoon from two-thirty to four, and he won’t be able to make it. But he doesn’t want to cancel it either.- M: Does he want me to try to find somebody else to teach it?- W: No, not exactly. What he wants to do is get someone to go in for him---just to pass back t he midterm exams. He’s already marked them and they are on the desk in his office. The whole thing wouldn’t take more than….ehh, ten minutes or so.- M: Two-thirty, you say? Well, I’m free then, and I was going to be on campus anyway, so I could do it for him. Where’s his class?- W: Carter Hall, room two-fourteen. Will you need his office key to get the exams? I could bring it to you.- M: Well, actually, that won’t be necessary. We have a master key in the Math Department. So I can get into his office.- W: Thank you. Professor Webster.- M: My pleasure.- W: Don doesn’t have another class to teach until Thursday, and hopefully he’ll be able to talk by then. He’ll call you as soon as he can. Oh, and…uh…I almost forgot…- M: Yes?- W: Could you put the next assignment on the board too? They should solve the equations at the end of chapter eight, and that’s due at the next class.- M: Okay. No trouble at all. Thanks for the news about Don, and tell him not to worry about this.31. What is Don’s problem?32.What favor does Don want someone to do for him?33.What does Janet offer to do?34. What does Janet almost forget to ask Professor Webster to do?-Questions 35-39. Listen to two students talk about an experiment in a science class.- M: Have you done the lab for physiology yet---the one on taste?- W: Yeah, it was kind of fun---mapping the taste buds? Didn’t you think so?- M: I’m doing it this afternoon. How long will it take?- W: It went pretty quickly---under an hour, anyway. See, first you mix up the four solutions. - M: You take water and add either sugar, lemon juice, salt, or…What was it?- W: Bitter quinine.- M: That’s it…uh…then what?- W: Then all you have to do is taste each sample and describe where each flavor seems most intense.- M: Is that hard?- W: Not really. One thing to remember though---not all the taste buds are on the tongue. - M: Right. I’ll keep that in mind. And thanks for going over this with me. Maybe we could talk about this after I’ve tried it---we could get a pizza or something.- W: Great. Give me a call.35. What is the main purpose of the lab experiment?36.About how long does it take to do the experiment?37. What does the woman remind the man about?38. How does the man close the conversation?-Questions 39-42. Listen to “Science Watch,” a daily radio program.- W: Word comes form California of a new weapon I the war on household pests. Two scientists working for a firm in Anaheim, California, have developed a method to eliminate insects without using dangerous chemicals. The new poison? Hot air. The basic idea is that insects cannot adjust to temperatures much above normal. In laboratory experiments, cockroaches and termites can’t survive much more than a quarter of an hour at 125 degree F, or about 50 degrees centigrade.- The new method involves covering a house with a huge tent and filling it with air heated to around 65 degrees centigrade. Hot air is forced in with fans, and the tent keeps the heat inside the house. Since termites try to escape by hiding in wooden beams, the heat treatment must be continued for a full six hours. But when it’s all over and the insects are dead, there are no toxic residues to endanger humans or pets and no funny smells. Scientists claim that there is no danger of fire, either, since very few household materials will burn at 65 degrees centigrade in fact wood is prepared for construction use by drying it in ovens at 80 degrees centigrade, which is substantially hotter than the air used in this procedure.39. What is the talk mainly about?40. According to the speaker, what makes the new system better than other treatments.?41. Why are the houses covered with tents?42. Why does the speaker mention that construction wood is dried by heat?-Qusetions 43-46. Listen to a teacher talk to students in her freshman English course.- W: I’m sure you realize that your research papers are due in six weeks. I’ve looked at your proposed topics and made comments about them. The most frequent problem was proposing too broad a topic---remember, this is only a fifteen---page paper. As I return you topic papers. I’d like to look over the schedule which sketches out what we’ll do during the next two weeks. Today is Monday, by Friday, I want your preliminary outline. Please be sure to incorporate the suggestions I’ve made on your topics and your outlines. Next week I’ll have a conference with each of you. I’ve posted a schedule on my office door---sign your name to indicate the time you’re available for an appointment. In the conference, we'll discuss your prelim inary outline. Then you can make the necessary revisions and hand in your final outline, which is due two weeks form today.- Use the outline style in your textbook and remember it should be no more than two pages long. Be sure to begin with a thesis statement---that is with a precise statement of the point you intend to prove and include a conclusion. Have you got all that? Your two-page preliminary outlines are due at the end of this week and the final outlines are due after your conferences. Follow the text book style and include a thesis statement and conclusion.43. What does the speaker mainly discuss?44. When will conferences be held?45. What is the purpose of the conference?46. According to the speaker, how should the outline begin?-Questions 47-50. Listen to a talk given by a tour guide at a museum.- M: Before we begin our tour, I’d like to give you some background information on the painter Grant Wood---we’ll be seeing much of his work today. Wood was born in 881in Iowa country, and became interested in art very early in life. Although he studied art in both Minneapolis and at the Art Institute of Chicago, the strongest influences on his art were European. He spent time in both Germany and France and his study there helped shape his own stylized form of realism.- When he returned to Iowa, Wood applied the stylistic realism he had learned in Europe to the rural life he saw around him and that he remembered from his childhood around the turn of the century. His portraits of farm families imitate the static formalism of photographs of early settlers posed in front of their homes. His paintings of farmers at work, and of their tools and animals, demonstrate a serious respect for the life of the mid-western United States. By the 1930’s, Wood was a leading figure of the school of art called “American regionalism.”- In an effort to sustain a strong Mid-western artistic movement. Wood established an institute of Mid-western art in his home state. Although the institute failed, the paintings you are about to see preserve Woo d’s vision of pioneer farmers.47. What is the main purpose of the talk?48. What had an important effect on Wood’s early art?49.What would be most likely to appear in a painting by Wood?50. According to the speaker, how did Wood try to encourage Mid-western art?。
普林斯顿样题(3)(听力答案)
托福普林斯顿样题(3)1——10 DCBCB ADCAA11——20 BBACC AADAC21——30 DCBBD CDDCD31——40 DACBD BDCAC41——50 BCADB BBDBCTOEFL LISTENING TEXT普林斯第三套样题1.- M: Would you like to stop for a rest now?- W: Oh, let’s keep going. We’re almost at the top of the hill.What does the woman want to do?2.-M: I can’t seen to get the copy machine to work.- W: Have you checked the switch?What does the woman imply?3.-M: I found a expensive---looking ring in the locker room this morning.- W: If I were you, I’d turn it in to the security office. It’s behind the administration building. What does the man suggest the women do?4.- M: Those trees next to your house are beautiful.- W: Yeah, and they’re useful. They cut down on the need for air conditi oning.What does the man mean?5.- M: I’m going to get my tickets through that discount travel agency.- W: They definitely have some good deals.What does the man mean?6.-M: We’ve going over to the cafeteria now. aren’t you coming?- W: I’m waiting for a phone call.What does the man imply?7.-M: We really ought to take some of the furniture ort of here.- W: Maybe we should look for a bigger apartment.What problem do the women have?8.-M: Why does Carol have to spend so much time at the library?- W: to finish her papers before exams begin.What does the man say about Carlo?9.-M: I’m afraid I’ll have to work late again tomorrow night.- W: Why don’t you just tell them you’re not going to?What does the woman suggest the man do?10.- W: I hear yo u’re joining that expedition across Alaska. Did you get much funding for it?- M: You must be joking! I have to pay my own airfare and contribute toward the cost of supplies.What does the man say about the expedition?11.- M: I don’t like the sound of t hat car engine.- W: I’m certain it’s nothing to worry about. I just had it serviced a few day a go.What does the woman mean ?12.- W: It’s going to tale over two weeks to get all the data I need for my research project.- M: Good ting it’s not due until the end of the semester.What does the man mean?13.- W: Look at this mess! And the guests will be here soon!- M: T ake it easy. I’ll make sure the house is spo tless.What does the man mean?14.- M: Peter wasn’t in class today.- W: I heard. What I wa nt to know is if he’s still coming to my party tonight.What does the woman mean?15.- M: Weren’t you the only one in the School of Engineering to graduate with honors?- W: Not exactly. There were a number of others.What does the woman mean?16.- M: They’ve just announced the flight has been delayed until four o’clock.- W: Oh no! How are we going to kill two hours?What does the woman imply?17.- W: When would you like to go over that report?- M: Now’s as good a time a s any.What does the man mean?18.- M: Have you found a position yet?- W: I’m still checking the papers.What can be inferred about the man?19.- M: This is the most fascinating article that I’ve ever read.- W: Oh, really? I would have thought that anything about electronics would be tedious. What does the man imply?20.- M: I’m going out to pick up a sandwich. Can I get you something?- W: Hmm. I’ve been eating too much lately. I’ll just have the yogurt I brought, but thanks for the offer.What does the woman imply?21.- W: Tim really seems to go through a lot of money, doesn’t he?- M: Like water, and he has nothing to show for it.What does the man mean?22.- M: We’ve out of cream and sugar. If you want any coffee, you’ll have to drink it black.- W: I’ll pass, then.What is the woman going to do?23.- M: I can’t even think with all that construction going on outside.- W: What this building needs is better soundproofing.What does the woman imply?24.- M: Are you up to helping me with the economics assignment?- W: I’ve already looked at it. It’s over my head.What does the man mean?25.- M: Does George still smoke?- W: I haven’t seen him light up since the baby was bo rn.What does the woman imply?26.- M: Just look at that downpour.- W: The paper said it should clear up this afternoon.What does the woman mean?27.- M: I haven’t seen you like this in weeks.- W: The committee finally reached a decision, and I couldn’t have hoped for a better outc ome. What does the woman mean?28.- M: What’s that green badge y ou have on?- W: Oh, this. Teaching assistants in the psychology department had to wear them to the faculty orientation.What can be inferred about the woman?29.- M: I heard that they’re hiring part-time sales help at the bookstore.- W: Great! I could use some extra cash!What is the man probably going to do?30.- M: Did you know that Sarah won first prize in the photo contest?- W: So she did enter.What had the man assumed about Sarah?-Questions 31-34. Listen to a discussion between two college student.- M: I really don’t know what to do this summer. I can’t afford to be any jobs available.- W: Why don’t you try house-sitting? Last summer my friend Margaret house-sat for the Dodds when they went away on vacation. Mr. Dodd hired Margaret to stay in their house because he didn’t want it left impty.- M: You mean the Dodds paid Margaret just to live in their house?- W: It wasn’t that easy. She had to mow the lawn and water the house-plants. And when Eric house-sat for Dr. Cohen, he had to take care of her pets.- M: House-sitting sounds like a good job. I guess it is a little like baby-sitting---except you’re taking care of a house instead of children.- W: The student employment office still has a few jobs posted.- M: Do I just have to fill out an application?- W: Margaret an d Eric had to interview with the homeowners and provide three references each.- W: That seems like a lot of trouble for a summer job.- W: Well, the homeowners want some guarantee that they can trust the house sitter. You kno w they want to make sure you’re not the type who’ll throw wild parties in their house, or move a group of friends in with you.- M: House-sitters who do that sort of thing probably aren’t paid then.- W: Usually they’re paid anyway just because the homeowners don’t want to make a fuss. But if the homeowner reported it, then the house-sitter wouldn’t be able to get another job. So why don’t you app ly?- M: Yeah, I think I will.31. What does the man want to do this summer?32. What did the Dodds do when they went away last summer?33. What is one responsibility the house-sitter probably wouldn’t have?34. How do homeowners determine the reliability of a house-have?-Questions 35-38. Listen to a telephone conversation between two students.- M: Hello. University Books. Tim Weber speaking.- W: Hi. Tim, this is Ruth.- M: Oh, hi, Ruth. What’s up?- W: Well, the Student Federation needs a couple of volunteers to give guided tours to the new students during orientation next week. Would you be able to help out?- M: that depends on the days you had in mind. I’m working here full-time before classes begin. It’s really busy now, with all the textbook orders coming in, but I do have some time off.- W: What about Saturday? Most new students arrive on the weekend.- M: Sorry, I have to work all day Saturday. How about Thursday and Friday? I’ve got both mornings free.- W: I don’t have the schedule on me…Ken’s got it. Maybe you can set something up with him. - M: I’ll only be able to spare a couple of hours though.- W: No problem. I’ll ask ken to get in touch with you later today. Will you be at this number? - M: Yeah, till for…Look. I’ve got to go. I have to get all the orders out before I leave to day. - W: Ok, thanks Tim. Bye.35.. Why did Ruth call Tim?36. What does Ruth say about the new students?37. What does Tim offer to do?38. What will probably happen as a result of this conversation?-Questions 39-41. Listen to a radio-talk about fossil fuels.- M: Today I want to discuss fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and n atural gas. The term “fossil fuel” refers to the trapped remains of plants and animals in sedimentary rock. You see, living plants trap energy from the Sun by the process of photosynthesis, and they store the energy in their chemical compounds. Most of that energy is released when the plant dies and decays. However, sometimes organic matter is buried before it decays completely, in this way some of the solar energy becomes trapped in rocks---hence the name fossil fuel. Although the amount of organic matter trapped in any one growing season is small, the accumulated remains from millions of years are considerable. Because the accumulation rate is so slow-millions of times slower than the rate at which we now dig up this organic mather and burn it for energy-we must consider fossil fuels as nonrenewable resources. Tomorrow we’ll be discussing alternatives to fossil fuels that can be renewed.39.40.41.-Questions 42-46. Listen to a talk given I pottery class.- W: We’ve been together now in this pottery class for several weeks, and I feel you are doing very well. I thought you might be interested in hearing about a ceramics workshop that will be held here at the college next month. Kate Ferguson, who was recently named by Ceramics Monthly as one of the dozen best potters in the world, will be at the recreation center for an intensive seven-day workshop. Participants in the workshop will, Kate has assure me, make a lot of pots and be able to work closely with her on refining their techniques and skill. There’s only room for eighteen potters $1175, which includes all your materials, and a picnic, which is usually attended by all of the participants at the end of the workshop a $50 deposit is required ahead of time, with the rest of the tuition due by May fifteenth. I should mention that this workshop is cosponsored by the Van Howe Chemical Company, which is donating the clay. If you want to register for the workshop you should call the recreation center a 555-3080. You should really consider taking advantage of this opportunity.42. Who is Kate Ferguson?43. What will take place at the end of the work shop?44. Why does the speaker mention the Van Howe Chemical Company?45. How can the students register for the workshop?46. Why does the speaker encourage students to take the workshop?-Questions 47-50. Listen to a psychologist talk about sleep problems.- W: You might think that most of the patients at sleep clinics are being treated for sleeplessness, commonly referred to as insomnia, but that is not the case. The majority of sleep-clinic patients suffer from disorders of excessive sleep—or “hypersomnia.” While most insomniacs somehow manage to drag themselves through the day and function at acceptable, although not optimal levels, this is not so for people who suffer from hypersomnia. They are incapacitated by irresistible urges to sleep during the day, often in inappropriate, situations ---at business meetings, in supermarkets or at parties. Even more dangerous is their failure to remain awake when driving or operating machinery. Falling asleep in such situations couldobviously be life-threatening. Many hpersomniacs suffer from narcolepsy, for which the primary symptom is excessive daytime sleepiness. Though not apparent in childhood, this symptom most often appears for the first time during the teen years and continues throughout a person’s life. The sleep attacks may occur as many as fifteen to twenty times during the course of the day and last for periods form fifteen minutes up to two hours. What can be done to help those suffering from narcolepsy? There are certain drugs that can help, and specialists suggest voluntary napping to decrease the frequency of such sleep attacks.47. What is “hypersomnia”?48. What does the speaker say about sleep-clinic patients?49. When does narcolepsy usually first become apparent?50. What can a narcoleptic do to prevent sleep attacks?。
普林斯顿样题4
Princeton 4Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) Her notebook is missing.(B) Her handwriting is difficult to read.(C) She wasn't in class this morning, either.(D) She's already lent her notes to someone else.2. (A) Get a schedule of events at the athletic center.(B) Refer to the bus schedule.(C) Wait for the shuttle in the student lounge.(D) Borrow a schedule from another student.3. (A) She looks good in blue.(B) She never wears sweaters.(C) She might prefer another color.(D) She enjoys receiving gifts.4. (A) Someone painted it for her.(B) She finally had time to paint it.(C) She decided to paint it later.(D) Some friends will help her paint it.5. (A) Today's seminar was informative.(B) Another seminar will take place the following week.(C) Next week's seminar is on a different topic.(D) There will be two seminars next week.6. (A) He's usually happy.(B) He listens to music when he's in a good mood.(C) He had to pay a high price for his stereo.(D) He's pleased with his purchase.7. (A) He can send the woman additional information.(B) The woman received the wrong bill.(C) He agrees that the charges are too high.(D) He'll credit the woman's account.8. (A) Answer her calls.(B) Take her home.(C) Write out a list of his calls.(D) Telephone her later in the day.9. (A} Taking a test.(B) Giving Spanish tests to students.(C) Paying for private lessons.(D) Studying10. (A) The window is broken.(B) He's nervous about opening the window.(C) It's not possible to open the window.(D) It's too cold to open the window.11. (A) He wasn't offered the job he had talked about.(B) He didn't really want to work in the bookstore.(C) He didn't really want to work in the bookstore was.(D) He didn't refuse the bookstore job.12. (A) She needed to change the letter before mailing it.(B) She didn't know how much postage was needed.(C) She didn't have the right coins to buy stamps.(D) The stamp machine has been moved.13. (A) They should go to lunch soon.(B) He needs to make more coffee for lunch.(C) There is enough coffee for several more cups.(D) He won't drink any more coffee today.14. (A) There are too many shopping centers already.(B) They aren't really going to build a shopping center.(C) He knew about the planned construction.(D) He hasn't been to the other shopping centers.15. (A) She has to do some work tomorrow.(B) She'll attend tomorrow's performance.(C) She doesn't intend to go to the play.(D) She can't work at the theater tomorrow.16. (A) She hasn't seen Kate.(B) Kate has changed her plans.(C) The man had misunderstood her.(D) The man should go to New York next week.17. (A) He doesn't want to attend the graduation ceremony.(B) He's attended only one graduation ceremony.(C) The woman doesn't have to attend the graduation ceremony.(D) Attendance is taken at the graduation ceremony.18. (A) Someone from the housing office fixed the faucet.(B) Allen called the housing office for her.(C) She replaced the faucet.(D) Allen repaired the faucet.19. (A) He didn't know that the woman was class treasurer.(B) He doesn't want to be treasurer.(C) He doesn't think the woman should run for office.(D) He didn't know the elections were today.20. (A) He doesn't have much time for tennis.(B) He's enthusiastic about his new courses.(C) He plays tennis better than she does.(D) He's not very interested in his school work.21. (A) He'll drive the woman to the paint store.(B) He doesn't really like the painting.(C) He'll hold the painting for the woman.(D) He doesn't know where the painting is.22. (A) The man hurried through breakfast.(B) The room is too warm for a sweater.(C) The man will be late if he doesn't hurry.(D) The man's appearance shows that he was rushed.23. (A) The doctor wasn't feeling well.(B) He didn't see the new doctor.(C) The doctor isn't new to the infirmary.(D) He met the doctor at a conference.24. (A) Pay Marsha for the bookshelf.(B) Ask Marsha where the bookshelf is.(C) Check for the book on Marsha's shelf(D) Ask Marsha if she has an extra bookshelf.25. (A) The man can get some paper at the new store.(B) She just opened a new box of paper.(C) She'll type the man's paper at her place.(D) The man can buy today's paper at the newsstand.26. (A) She saw only part of it,(B) She couldn't go to see it.(C) She wasn't in charge of it.(D) She didn't understand it.27. (A) He doesn't like old movies.(B) He didn't see a large number of movies.(C) He saw more m0vies than the woman did.(D) His children have seen many movies.28. (A) The airport is closed due to bad weather.(B) An earlier closure affected the airport's schedule.(C) The flight is following its regular schedule(D) The plane will return to its point of departure.29. (A) She hadn't begun to study biology.(B) She hadn't liked the previous biology course.(C) She did very well in elementary biology,(D) She'd already taken all the biology courses.30. (A) She recently moved to Miami.(B) She needed a vacation.(C) She'll leave for Miami soon.(D) She was pleased to get his postcard.31. (A) It's too noisy.(B) 'It's not convenient to the university,(C) The heating system is defective.(D) The owner is unpleasant.32. (A) Tell the owner two months in advance that she's moving.(B) Alert the housing authorities to her problem(C) Move to another apartment in the same building.(D) Leave by the end of the month.33. (A) It must be on a higher floor.(B) It must have quiet surroundings.(C) It must be within driving distance of the university.(D) It must be in a new building.34. (A) Rent would be very expensive.(B) Public transportation wouldn't be available.(C) Apartment complexes in Windsor are old.(D) Apartments in Windsor tend to be noisy.35. (A) Start a new program at State College.(B) Study at a different school.(C) Find a summer job.(D) Improve her grades.36. (A) Journalism.(B) Science.(C) Management.(D) Art37. (A) Its reputation isn't as good as State College's.(B) She can't get a good recommendation there.(C) The registration office hasn't answered her letters yet.(D) She may not get accepted there.38. (A) Use her professors as references.(B) Study more to improve her grades.(C) Think more positively about the State College program.(D) Write to the head of the art department.39. (A) summer vacation.(B) The homing office.(C) Resident advisers.(B) Check-out procedures.40. (A) Register for summer school(B) Repair holes in room walls.(C) Return their keys to the housing office.(D) Call the housing office.41. (A)Their summer addresses.(B) Any damage to their rooms.(C) When they plan to leave.(C) Questions for the housing office.42. (A) The liquefaction of gas.(B) Techniques used for refrigeration.(C) Materials used to make industrial containers.(D) The cost of transporting natural gas.43. (A) It becomes brittle.(B) It expands.(C) It oxidizes.(D) It bends.44. (A) It has a low melting point.(B) It's expensive.(C) It often contains impurities.(D) Its properties are unpredictable.45. (A) Oxygen.(B) Aluminum.(C) Nickel.(D) Boron.46. (A) Behavior of owls in the wild.(B) Experiments at the London Zoo.(C) An investigation of accidental animal deaths.(D) An increase in insects at the zoo.47. (A) Owl cages.(B) Insecticide spray.(C) Sawdust.(D) Mousetraps.48. (A) Rats.(B) Owls.(C) Mice.(D) Insects.49. (A) They choked on sawdust.(B) They were fed contaminated mice.(C) They were bitten by deadly insects.(D) They escaped from the zoo.50. (A) To illustrate a principle about environmental poisons.(B) To demonstrate the usefulness of chemicals.(C) To show how zoo keepers raise mice in captivity.(D) To prove a point about the building industrySection Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-11With its radiant color and plantlike shape, the sea anemone looks more like a flower than an animal. More specifically, the sea anemone is formed quite like the flower for which it is named, with a body like a stem and tentacles like petals in brilliant shades of blue, green, pink, and red. Its diameter varies from about six millimeters in some species to more than ninety centimeters in the giant varieties of Australia. Like corals, hydras, and jellyfish, sea anemones are coelenterates. They can move slowly, but more often they attach the lower part of their cylindrical bodies to rocks, shells, or wharf pilings. The upper end of the sea anemone has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal Uses to capture its food.Stinging cells in the tentacles throw out tiny poison threads that paralyze other Small sea animals. The tentacles then drag this prey into the sea anemone's mouth. The food is digested in the large inner body cavity. When disturbed, a sea anemone retracts its tentacles and shortens its body so that it resembles a lump on a rock. Anemones may reproduce by forming eggs, dividing in half, or developing buds that grow and break off as independent animals.1. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?(A) The varieties of ocean life(B) The characteristics of the sea anemone(C) A comparison of land and sea anemones(D) The defenses of coelenterates2. The work "shape" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) length(B) grace(C) form(D) nature3. The author compares a sea anemone's tentacles to a flower's(A) stem(B) petals(C) leaves(D) roots4. It can be inferred from the passage that hydras(A) were named after a flower(B) are usually found in Australia(C) prey on sea anemones(D) are related to sea anemones5. It can be inferred from the passage that sea anemones are usually found(A) attached to stationary surfaces(B) hidden inside cylindrical objects(C) floating among underwater flowers(D) searching for food6. The word "capture" in line 8 is closest m meaning to(A) catch(B) control(C) cover(D) clean7. The word "retracts" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) pulls back(B) relaxes(C) reproduces(D) lifts up8. According to the passage, when a sea anemone is bothered it(A) hides under a rock(B) alters its shape(C) changes colors :(D) ejects a poisonous substance9. The sea anemone reproduces by(A) budding only(B) forming eggs only(C) budding or dividing only(D) budding, forming eggs, or dividing10. Based on the information in the passage, all of the following statements about sea anemones are true EXCEPT that they(A) are usually tiny(B) have flexible bodies(C) are related to jellyfish(D) are usually brightly colored11. Where does the author mention the sea anemone's food-gathering technique?(A) Lines 1-2(B) Lines. 4-6(C) Lines 7-10(D) Lines 11-14Questions 12-23Barbara Kasten is an artist who makes photographs of constructions that she creates for the purpose of photographing them. In her studio she arranges objects such as mirrors, solid forms, and flat surfaces into what could be called large still life arrangements, big enough to walk into. She lights the construction, then rearranges and rephotographs it until she arrives at a final image. She also photographs away from her studio at various architectural sites, bringing camera, lights, mirrors, and a crew of assistants to transform the site into her own abstract image.Kasten starts a studio construction with a simple problem, such as using several circular and rectangular mirrors. She puts the first objects in place, sets up a camera, then goes back and forth arranging objects and seeing how they appear in the camera. Eventually she makes instant color prints to see what the image looks like. At first she works only with objects, concentrating on their composition; then she lights them and adds color from lights covered colored filters.Away from the studio, at architectural sites, the cost of the Crew and the equipment rental means she has to know in advance what she wants to do. She visits each location several times to make sketches and test shots. Until she brings in the lights, however, she cannot predict exactly what they will do to the image, so there is some improvising on the spot.12. What does the passage many discuss?(A) The techniques of a photographer(B) The advantages of studio photography(C) Industrial construction sites(D) An architect who appreciates fine art13. Which of the following would be an example of one of the "constructions" referred to in line 17?(A) A still life arrangement(B) Natural landscapes(C) An instant color print(D) A colored filter14. In line 2, why does the author mention mirrors?(A) They are part of the camera.(B) Kasten uses them as subjects.(C) The crew needs them.(D) Photography mirrors life.15. The word "transform" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) move(B) extend(C) change(D) interpret16. It can be inferred from the passage that Kasten makes instant prints to(A) give away(B) sell as souvenirs(C) include as pan of the construction(D) see what the construction looks like at that stage17. The word "composition" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) arrangement(B) brightness(C) quality(D) size18. The word "them" in line 12 refers to(A) wints(B) lights(C) objects(D) filters19. The word "shots" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) injections(B) photographs(C) loud noises(D) effective remarks20. The word "they" in line 17 refers to(A) architectural styles(B) sketches(C) colored filters(D) lights21. Why does Kasten visit the location of outdoor work before the day of the actual shooting?(A) To plan the photograph(B) To purchase film and equipment(C) To hire a crew(D) To test the lights22. How is Kasten's studio work different from her work at architectural sites?(A) She does not use lights outdoors.(B) Her work outdoors is more unpredictable.(C) She works alone outdoors.(D) She makes more money from her work outdoors.23. Where in the passage does the author suggest that the constructions that Kasten photographs are life-sized?(A) Lines 2-4(B) Lines 5-7(C) Lines 12-14(D) Lines 16-17Questions 24-33The temperature of the Sun is over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rise to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core. In the core of the Sun. the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the Sun can never be directly observed.Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photo-sphere,convection zone, and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the Sun's atmosphere. But since the Sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun begins.The Sun's outermost layer begins about 10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the Sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as the one in February 1979. At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the Sun's rays.The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona's rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spike-like rays near the Sun's north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the Sun's equator.The corona rays are 'made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the Sun's corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible.24. The word "great" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) dangerous(B) unknown(C) variable(D) strong25. With what topic is the second paragraph mainly concerned?(A) How the Sun evolved(B) The structure of the Sun(C) Why scientists study the Sun(D) The distance of the Sun from the planets26. All of the following are parts of the Sun's atmosphere EXCEPT the(A) corona(B) chromosphere(C) photosphere(D) core27. The Word "one" in line 13 refers to(A) the Sun(B) the corona(C) an eclipse(D) the surface28. The purpose of the special instruments mentioned in line 14 is to(A) magnify the image of the Sun.(B) block ont the Sun's intense light(C) measure the amount of energy emitted by the Sun(D) photograph the Sun29. It can be inferred from the passage that a clear view of the Sun's outer layer is usually prevented by(A) the Sun's rays(B) an eclipse(C) lack of light(D) the great distance30. The word "sensational" in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) spectacular(B) predictable(C) bizarre(D) constant31. According to the passage, as the corona rays reach the planets, they become(A) hotter(B) clearer(C) thinner(D) stronger32. The paragraphs following the passage most likely discuss which of the following?(A) The remaining layers of the Sun(B) The evolution of the Sun to its present form(C) The eclipse of February 1979(D) The scientists who study astronomy33. Where in the passage does the author compare the light of the Sun's outermost layer to that of another astronomical body?(A) Lines 2-3(B) Lines 9-10(C) Lines 16(D) Lines 22-23Questions 34-42Many of the computing patterns used today in elementary arithmetic, such as those for performing long multiplications and divisions, were developed as late as the fifteenth century. Two reasons are usually advanced to account for this tardy development, namely, the mental difficulties and the physical difficulties encountered in such work.The first of these, the mental difficulties, must be somewhat discounted. The impression that the ancient numeral systems are not amenable to even the simplest calculations is largely based on lack of familiarity with these systems. It is clear that addition and subtraction in a simple grouping system require only ability to count the number symbols of each kind and then to convert to higher units. No memorization of number combinations is needed in a ciphered numeral system, if sufficient addition and multiplication tables have been memorized, the work can proceed much as we do it today.The physical difficulties encountered, however, were quite real. Without a plentiful and convenient supply of some suitable writing medium, any very extended development of the arithmetic process was bound to be hampered. It must be remembered that our common machine-made pulp paper is little more than a hundred years old. The older rag paper was made by hand and was consequently expensive and scarce.34. What is the main purpose of the passage?(A) To emphasize the importance of the mental process in performing calculations(B) To explain why some elementary computing systems were not developed until the fifteenthcentury.(C) To describe how ancient counting systems differ from those of the twentieth century(D) To compare the mental and physical processes used in arithmetics35. The word "tardy" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) historical(B) basic(C) unusual(D) late36. The word "these" in line 5 refers to(A) patterns(B) reasons(C) systems(D) calculations37. The word "discounted" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) reduced(B) contradicted(C) disregarded(D) interpreted38. The author states that doing calculations in a simple grouping system requires(A) memorizing numerical combinations(B) using an adding machine(C) producing large quantities of a writing medium(D) converting number symbols to higher units39. The word "encountered" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) faced(B) caused(C) increased(D) discussed40. The word "hampered" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) impeded(B) concluded(C) unnoticed(D) rejected41. The author describes old rag paper as all of the following EXCEPT(A) handmade(B) costly(C) scarce(D) delicate42. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?(A) Physical difficulties hindered the development of computing patterns.(B) Memorizing addition and multiplication tables is necessary for most elementary arithmeticprocesses.(C) Most people experience mental difficulties in learning long divisions and multiplications.(D) Numeral systems invented before the fifteenth century could not have been used to performelementary calculations.Questions 43-50The ecosystems of the Earth provide an array of free public services that are essential for the support of civilizations. They maintain the quality of the atmosphere, provide food from the sea, manufacture and replenish soils, recycle wastes and nutrients, control the overwhelming majority of crop pests and disease vectors, and so on. People have no idea how to take over these activities satisfactorily. They do know, however, that the theory once advanced in the nineteenth century--that the productivity of the land can be infinitely increased by the application of capital, labor, and science---is wrong. History has shown that once the natural life-support systems of a civilization have been sufficiently damaged, they cannot usually be repaired. The ancient deforestation and overgrazing of the Mediterranean region is a famous example. And today, a global civilization is mining the global environment.43. What is the main topic of this passage?(A) Free public services(B) Support needed for civilizations(C) The value of ecosystems(D) The vastness of the Earth44. The word "array" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) large number(B) excess(C) requirement(D) model45. The word "They" in line 2 refers to(A) ecosystems(B) civilizations(C) sea(D) people46. Which of the following could NOT be included under the "free public services" listed in lines 2-4?(A) Preventing overgrazing by domestic animals(B) Providing natural enemies for harmful insects(C) Creating and enriching material for plant growth(D) Supplying air for breathing47. The word "advanced'; in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) debated(B) ignored(C) proved(D) proposed48. The author mentions the Mediterranean region as an example of(A) the ability of nature to remedy human destruction(B) the ability of people to make use of natural resources(C) the manner in which people replenish the environment(D) the effects of human abuse of natural resources49. The author suggests that civilizations can survive only if they(A) greatly expand scientific research(B) do not destroy the balance of natural processes(C) replant the forests in the Mediterranean region(D) invent new procedures to replace obsolete ecosystems50. The author suggests that the difference between the ancient and the modem situation is that today the problem is(A) worldwide(B) better understood(C) more manageable(D) economic。