普林斯顿样题2.听力原文

Part A1.W: Do you know anyone who can translate this document?M: What about the new secretary? I heard he’s bilingual.2.W: Did you hear the weather report for today?M: The pollution’s going to be so bad they recommend staying indoors.3.W: Don’t you think Bob should go into engineering –I mean, he’s so good inmath.M: He’ll have to decide that for himself.4.W: I’ll be ready in a few minutes. I have to finish up this letter.M: OK, I’ll go down to the lobby for a paper.5.W: Did you see this article on the exhibit of eighteenth-century prints that openedtoday?M: Y es, and I’ve already bought a ticket to see it next month.6.M: I’d like to apply for the part-time job.W: Fine. Just fill out this form. Someone will be with you in a moment.7.W: It’s ten o’clock. Is that too late for us to call Professor Brown about the studentcouncil meeting?M: Let’s hold off till tomorrow.8.W: Did you get a study manual for your driver’s test?M: I had Dan pick one up for me.9.W: Every time I come to the gym, you’re here exercising.M: I try to work out whenever I have a chance.10.W: Would you have some free time to look at this proposal for me?M: I’m kind of busy now. How does late this afternoon sound?11.M1: I was going to take organic chemistry next semester – but now it’s been cut.M2: I heard the university’s going to double the tuition, too.12.M: Could I get a ride with you to the concert tonight?W: I can’t go, but you might ask Betty. I think she’s leaving around 7:30.13.W: Y ou’ve been living off campus this year, haven’t you?M: Y es, and I’m going to next year too –it’s so much nicer than living in the dormitory.14.M: Y ou ought to see a doctor about the cough.W: I guess I should. I’ve been putting it off for days.15.W: What do you want to do tonight?M: There’s supposed to be a good documentary on channel eight.16.W: I’ve finally decided about my history paper: I’m going to focus on the CivilWar.M: That’s so broad – do you think it’ll be approved?17.W: Sorry you had to miss the seminar; how’re you doing now?M: I took it easy last week – it’s amazing what a little rest can do.18.W: Is the snack bar always this deserted?M: It’s the end of the semester. Everyone’s in the library studying.19.W: Are you going to play tennis with us today?M: I promised Bill I’d go hiking with him – and I’m really looking forward to it.20.M: Joe’s not planning to go the California again this summer.W: But with his new schedule, he could.21.W: If Professor Thomson was willing to give us a three-day extension to finish theproject, maybe she’ll give us a few more days.M: Let’s not push our luck贪心；得寸进尺, okay?22.W: Do you know what’s wrong with Mark? He’s been acting very strangely lately.M: Come on, with his parents coming to visit next week – right after he’s moved into a new apartment – he’s just got a lot on his mind.23.W: Y ou look cold and tired. Could I buy you a hot cup of tea?M: Oh, that would be just what the doctor ordered.24.M: There were only twenty students at last night’s meeting, so nothing could bevoted on.W: That’s too bad. They’ll have to turn out in greater numbers if they want a voice 发言权in campus issues.25.W: Have we received responses from everybody we invited?M: Only Tina can’t come.26.W: I hope the view from the balcony包厢；戏院楼厅is good.M: No problem – you can see the actors no matter where you’re sitting.27.W: Could you use a hand with those suitcases?M: If you wouldn’t mind.28.W: Y ou’re redecorating your apartment, aren’t you? How’s it coming along?M: I’m just taking it one step at a time.29.W: We’re supposed to pick up the tickets to sell this afternoon.M: Oh, so they have been printed.30.W: Were you able to reach Lucy at home?M: I couldn’t get to a phone.Part B31-34 A telephone call to a professorM: Math Department. Dr. Webster speaking.W: Hello, Professor Webster. This is Janet Hill calling. I live two doors down from your teaching assistant, Don Williams. Don asked me to call you because he’s lost his voice and can’t talk to you himself.M: Lost his voice? That’s too bad. Is there anything I can do for him?W: Well, he has a class this afternoon from two-thirty to four, and he won’t be able to make it. But he doesn’t want to cancel it either.M: Does he want me to try to find somebody else to teach it?W: No, not exactly. What he wants to do is get someone to go in (enter a house or room) for him – just to pass back the midterm exams. He’s already marked them and they are on the desk in his office: the whole thing wouldn’t take more than…ehh, ten minutes or so.M: Two-thirty, you say? Well, I’m free then, and I was going to be on campus anyway, so I could do it for him. Where’s his class?W: Carter Hall, room two-fourteen. Will you need his office key to get the exams? Icould bring it to you.M: Well, actually, that won’t be necessary. We have a master key万能钥匙in the Math Department. So I can get into his office.W: Thank you, Professor Webster.M: My pleasure.W: Don doesn’t have another class to teach until Thursday, and hopefully he’ll be able to talk by then,. He’ll call you as soon as he can. Oh, and…uh…I almost forgot…M: Y es?W: Could you put the next assignment on the board too? They should solve the equations at the end of chapter eight, and that’s due at the next class.M: Okay. No trouble at all. Thanks for the news about Don, and tell him not to worry about this.31.What is Don’s problem?32.What favor does Don want someone to do for him?33.What does Janet offer to do?34.What does Janet almost forget to ask Professor Webster to do?35-38 An experiment in a science classM: Have you done the lab for physiology生理学yet – the one on taste?W: Y eah, it was kind of fun – mapping the taste buds. Didn’t you think so?M: I’m doing it this afternoon. How long will it take?W: It went pretty quickly –under an hour, anyway. See, first you mix up the four solutions.M: Y ou take water and add either sugar, lemon juice, salt, or… uh… What was it? W: Bitter quinine奎宁.M: That’s it…uh … then what?W: Then all you have to do is taste each sample and describe where each flavor seems most intense.M: Is that hard?W: Not really. One thing to remember though – not all the taste buds [解剖] 味蕾are on the tongue.M: Right. I’ll keep that in mind. And thanks for going over this with me. Maybe we could talk about this after I’ve tried it – we could get a pizza or something.W: Great. Give me a call.35.What is the main purpose of the lab experiment?36.About how long does it take to do the experiment?37.What does the woman remind the man about?38.How does the man close the conversation?Part C39-42 “Science Watch”, a daily radio programW: Word comes from California of a new weapon in the war on household pests. Two scientists working for a firm in Anaheim, California, have developed a method toeliminate insects without using dangerous chemicals. The new poison? Hot air.The basic idea is that insects cannot adjust to temperatures much above normal. In laboratory experiments, cockroaches蟑螂and termites白蚁can’t survive much more than a quarter of an hour at 125 degrees F, or about 50 degrees centigrade.The new method involves covering a house with a huge tent and filling it with air heated to around 65 degrees centigrade. Hot air is forced in with fans, and the tent keeps the heat inside the house. Since termites try to escape by hiding in wooden beams, the heat treatment must be continued for a full six hours. But when it’s all over, and the insects are dead, there are no toxic有毒的residues to endanger humans or pets and no funny smells. Scientists claim that there is no danger of fire, either, since very few household materials will burn at 65 degrees centigrade. In fact, wood is prepared for construction use by drying it in ovens at 80 degrees centigrade, which is substantially hotter than the air used in this procedure.39.What is the talk mainly about?40.According to the speaker, what makes the new system better than othertreatments?41.Why are the houses covered with tents?42.Why does the speaker mention that construction wood is dried by heat?43-46 A talk in the freshman English courseW: I’m sure you realize that your research papers are due in six weeks. I’ve looked at your proposed topics and made comments about them. The most frequent problem was proposing too broad a topic – remember, this is only a fifteen-page paper. As I return your topic papers, I’d like to look over the schedule which sketches out what we’ll do during the next two weeks. Today is Monday, by Friday, I want your preliminary outline. Please be sure to incorporate the suggestions I’ve made on your topics and your outlines. Next week I’ll have a conference with each of you. I’ve posted a schedule on my office door –sign your name to indicate the time you’re available for an appointment. In the conference, we’ll discuss your preliminary outline. Then you can make the necessary revisions and hand in your final outline, which is due two weeks from today.Use the outline style in your textbook and remember it should be no more than two pages long. Be sure to begin with a thesis statement中心句–that is with a precise statement of the point you intend to prove and include a conclusion. Have you got all that? Y our two-page preliminary outlines are due at the end of this week and the final outlines are due after your conferences. Follow the text book style and include a thesis statement and a conclusion.43.What does the speaker mainly discuss?44.When will conferences be held?45.What is the purpose of the conference?46.According to the speaker, how should the outline begin?47-50 A talk by a tour guide at a museumM: Before we begin our tour, I’d like to give you some background information onthe painter Grant Wood – we’ll be seeing much of his work today. Wood was born in 1881 in Iowa farm country, and became interested in art very early in life.Although he studied art in both Minneapolis and at the Art Institute of Chicago, the strongest influences on his art were European. He spent time in both Germany and France and his study there helped shape his own stylized form of realism.When he returned to Iowa, Wood applied the stylistic realism he had learned in Europe to the rural life he saw around him and that he remembered from his childhood around the turn of the century. His portraits of farm families imitate the static formalism of photographs of early settlers posed in front of their homes. 他的关于农村家庭的肖像画模仿了早期的定居者在他们家门口所拍摄的照片的静态形式His paintings of farmers at work, and of their tools and animals, demonstrate a serious respect for the life of the Midwestern United States. By the 1930’s, Wood was a leading figure of the school of art called “American regionalism”.地方主义In an effort to sustain a strong Midwestern artistic movement, Wood established an institute of Midwestern art in his home state. Although the institute failed, the paintings you are about to see preserve Wood’s vision of pioneer farmers.47.What is the main purpose of the talk?48.What had in important effect on Wood’s early art?49.What would be most likely to appear in a painting by Wood?50.According to the speaker, how did Wood try to encourage Midwestern art?。

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普林斯顿样题4

Princeton 4Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) Her notebook is missing.(B) Her handwriting is difficult to read.(C) She wasn't in class this morning, either.(D) She's already lent her notes to someone else.2. (A) Get a schedule of events at the athletic center.(B) Refer to the bus schedule.(C) Wait for the shuttle in the student lounge.(D) Borrow a schedule from another student.3. (A) She looks good in blue.(B) She never wears sweaters.(C) She might prefer another color.(D) She enjoys receiving gifts.4. (A) Someone painted it for her.(B) She finally had time to paint it.(C) She decided to paint it later.(D) Some friends will help her paint it.5. (A) Today's seminar was informative.(B) Another seminar will take place the following week.(C) Next week's seminar is on a different topic.(D) There will be two seminars next week.6. (A) He's usually happy.(B) He listens to music when he's in a good mood.(C) He had to pay a high price for his stereo.(D) He's pleased with his purchase.7. (A) He can send the woman additional information.(B) The woman received the wrong bill.(C) He agrees that the charges are too high.(D) He'll credit the woman's account.8. (A) Answer her calls.(B) Take her home.(C) Write out a list of his calls.(D) Telephone her later in the day.9. (A} Taking a test.(B) Giving Spanish tests to students.(C) Paying for private lessons.(D) Studying10. (A) The window is broken.(B) He's nervous about opening the window.(C) It's not possible to open the window.(D) It's too cold to open the window.11. (A) He wasn't offered the job he had talked about.(B) He didn't really want to work in the bookstore.(C) He didn't really want to work in the bookstore was.(D) He didn't refuse the bookstore job.12. (A) She needed to change the letter before mailing it.(B) She didn't know how much postage was needed.(C) She didn't have the right coins to buy stamps.(D) The stamp machine has been moved.13. (A) They should go to lunch soon.(B) He needs to make more coffee for lunch.(C) There is enough coffee for several more cups.(D) He won't drink any more coffee today.14. (A) There are too many shopping centers already.(B) They aren't really going to build a shopping center.(C) He knew about the planned construction.(D) He hasn't been to the other shopping centers.15. (A) She has to do some work tomorrow.(B) She'll attend tomorrow's performance.(C) She doesn't intend to go to the play.(D) She can't work at the theater tomorrow.16. (A) She hasn't seen Kate.(B) Kate has changed her plans.(C) The man had misunderstood her.(D) The man should go to New York next week.17. (A) He doesn't want to attend the graduation ceremony.(B) He's attended only one graduation ceremony.(C) The woman doesn't have to attend the graduation ceremony.(D) Attendance is taken at the graduation ceremony.18. (A) Someone from the housing office fixed the faucet.(B) Allen called the housing office for her.(C) She replaced the faucet.(D) Allen repaired the faucet.19. (A) He didn't know that the woman was class treasurer.(B) He doesn't want to be treasurer.(C) He doesn't think the woman should run for office.(D) He didn't know the elections were today.20. (A) He doesn't have much time for tennis.(B) He's enthusiastic about his new courses.(C) He plays tennis better than she does.(D) He's not very interested in his school work.21. (A) He'll drive the woman to the paint store.(B) He doesn't really like the painting.(C) He'll hold the painting for the woman.(D) He doesn't know where the painting is.22. (A) The man hurried through breakfast.(B) The room is too warm for a sweater.(C) The man will be late if he doesn't hurry.(D) The man's appearance shows that he was rushed.23. (A) The doctor wasn't feeling well.(B) He didn't see the new doctor.(C) The doctor isn't new to the infirmary.(D) He met the doctor at a conference.24. (A) Pay Marsha for the bookshelf.(B) Ask Marsha where the bookshelf is.(C) Check for the book on Marsha's shelf(D) Ask Marsha if she has an extra bookshelf.25. (A) The man can get some paper at the new store.(B) She just opened a new box of paper.(C) She'll type the man's paper at her place.(D) The man can buy today's paper at the newsstand.26. (A) She saw only part of it,(B) She couldn't go to see it.(C) She wasn't in charge of it.(D) She didn't understand it.27. (A) He doesn't like old movies.(B) He didn't see a large number of movies.(C) He saw more m0vies than the woman did.(D) His children have seen many movies.28. (A) The airport is closed due to bad weather.(B) An earlier closure affected the airport's schedule.(C) The flight is following its regular schedule(D) The plane will return to its point of departure.29. (A) She hadn't begun to study biology.(B) She hadn't liked the previous biology course.(C) She did very well in elementary biology,(D) She'd already taken all the biology courses.30. (A) She recently moved to Miami.(B) She needed a vacation.(C) She'll leave for Miami soon.(D) She was pleased to get his postcard.31. (A) It's too noisy.(B) 'It's not convenient to the university,(C) The heating system is defective.(D) The owner is unpleasant.32. (A) Tell the owner two months in advance that she's moving.(B) Alert the housing authorities to her problem(C) Move to another apartment in the same building.(D) Leave by the end of the month.33. (A) It must be on a higher floor.(B) It must have quiet surroundings.(C) It must be within driving distance of the university.(D) It must be in a new building.34. (A) Rent would be very expensive.(B) Public transportation wouldn't be available.(C) Apartment complexes in Windsor are old.(D) Apartments in Windsor tend to be noisy.35. (A) Start a new program at State College.(B) Study at a different school.(C) Find a summer job.(D) Improve her grades.36. (A) Journalism.(B) Science.(C) Management.(D) Art37. (A) Its reputation isn't as good as State College's.(B) She can't get a good recommendation there.(C) The registration office hasn't answered her letters yet.(D) She may not get accepted there.38. (A) Use her professors as references.(B) Study more to improve her grades.(C) Think more positively about the State College program.(D) Write to the head of the art department.39. (A) summer vacation.(B) The homing office.(C) Resident advisers.(B) Check-out procedures.40. (A) Register for summer school(B) Repair holes in room walls.(C) Return their keys to the housing office.(D) Call the housing office.41. (A)Their summer addresses.(B) Any damage to their rooms.(C) When they plan to leave.(C) Questions for the housing office.42. (A) The liquefaction of gas.(B) Techniques used for refrigeration.(C) Materials used to make industrial containers.(D) The cost of transporting natural gas.43. (A) It becomes brittle.(B) It expands.(C) It oxidizes.(D) It bends.44. (A) It has a low melting point.(B) It's expensive.(C) It often contains impurities.(D) Its properties are unpredictable.45. (A) Oxygen.(B) Aluminum.(C) Nickel.(D) Boron.46. (A) Behavior of owls in the wild.(B) Experiments at the London Zoo.(C) An investigation of accidental animal deaths.(D) An increase in insects at the zoo.47. (A) Owl cages.(B) Insecticide spray.(C) Sawdust.(D) Mousetraps.48. (A) Rats.(B) Owls.(C) Mice.(D) Insects.49. (A) They choked on sawdust.(B) They were fed contaminated mice.(C) They were bitten by deadly insects.(D) They escaped from the zoo.50. (A) To illustrate a principle about environmental poisons.(B) To demonstrate the usefulness of chemicals.(C) To show how zoo keepers raise mice in captivity.(D) To prove a point about the building industrySection Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-11With its radiant color and plantlike shape, the sea anemone looks more like a flower than an animal. More specifically, the sea anemone is formed quite like the flower for which it is named, with a body like a stem and tentacles like petals in brilliant shades of blue, green, pink, and red. Its diameter varies from about six millimeters in some species to more than ninety centimeters in the giant varieties of Australia. Like corals, hydras, and jellyfish, sea anemones are coelenterates. They can move slowly, but more often they attach the lower part of their cylindrical bodies to rocks, shells, or wharf pilings. The upper end of the sea anemone has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal Uses to capture its food.Stinging cells in the tentacles throw out tiny poison threads that paralyze other Small sea animals. The tentacles then drag this prey into the sea anemone's mouth. The food is digested in the large inner body cavity. When disturbed, a sea anemone retracts its tentacles and shortens its body so that it resembles a lump on a rock. Anemones may reproduce by forming eggs, dividing in half, or developing buds that grow and break off as independent animals.1. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?(A) The varieties of ocean life(B) The characteristics of the sea anemone(C) A comparison of land and sea anemones(D) The defenses of coelenterates2. The work "shape" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) length(B) grace(C) form(D) nature3. The author compares a sea anemone's tentacles to a flower's(A) stem(B) petals(C) leaves(D) roots4. It can be inferred from the passage that hydras(A) were named after a flower(B) are usually found in Australia(C) prey on sea anemones(D) are related to sea anemones5. It can be inferred from the passage that sea anemones are usually found(A) attached to stationary surfaces(B) hidden inside cylindrical objects(C) floating among underwater flowers(D) searching for food6. The word "capture" in line 8 is closest m meaning to(A) catch(B) control(C) cover(D) clean7. The word "retracts" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) pulls back(B) relaxes(C) reproduces(D) lifts up8. According to the passage, when a sea anemone is bothered it(A) hides under a rock(B) alters its shape(C) changes colors :(D) ejects a poisonous substance9. The sea anemone reproduces by(A) budding only(B) forming eggs only(C) budding or dividing only(D) budding, forming eggs, or dividing10. Based on the information in the passage, all of the following statements about sea anemones are true EXCEPT that they(A) are usually tiny(B) have flexible bodies(C) are related to jellyfish(D) are usually brightly colored11. Where does the author mention the sea anemone's food-gathering technique?(A) Lines 1-2(B) Lines. 4-6(C) Lines 7-10(D) Lines 11-14Questions 12-23Barbara Kasten is an artist who makes photographs of constructions that she creates for the purpose of photographing them. In her studio she arranges objects such as mirrors, solid forms, and flat surfaces into what could be called large still life arrangements, big enough to walk into. She lights the construction, then rearranges and rephotographs it until she arrives at a final image. She also photographs away from her studio at various architectural sites, bringing camera, lights, mirrors, and a crew of assistants to transform the site into her own abstract image.Kasten starts a studio construction with a simple problem, such as using several circular and rectangular mirrors. She puts the first objects in place, sets up a camera, then goes back and forth arranging objects and seeing how they appear in the camera. Eventually she makes instant color prints to see what the image looks like. At first she works only with objects, concentrating on their composition; then she lights them and adds color from lights covered colored filters.Away from the studio, at architectural sites, the cost of the Crew and the equipment rental means she has to know in advance what she wants to do. She visits each location several times to make sketches and test shots. Until she brings in the lights, however, she cannot predict exactly what they will do to the image, so there is some improvising on the spot.12. What does the passage many discuss?(A) The techniques of a photographer(B) The advantages of studio photography(C) Industrial construction sites(D) An architect who appreciates fine art13. Which of the following would be an example of one of the "constructions" referred to in line 17?(A) A still life arrangement(B) Natural landscapes(C) An instant color print(D) A colored filter14. In line 2, why does the author mention mirrors?(A) They are part of the camera.(B) Kasten uses them as subjects.(C) The crew needs them.(D) Photography mirrors life.15. The word "transform" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) move(B) extend(C) change(D) interpret16. It can be inferred from the passage that Kasten makes instant prints to(A) give away(B) sell as souvenirs(C) include as pan of the construction(D) see what the construction looks like at that stage17. The word "composition" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) arrangement(B) brightness(C) quality(D) size18. The word "them" in line 12 refers to(A) wints(B) lights(C) objects(D) filters19. The word "shots" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) injections(B) photographs(C) loud noises(D) effective remarks20. The word "they" in line 17 refers to(A) architectural styles(B) sketches(C) colored filters(D) lights21. Why does Kasten visit the location of outdoor work before the day of the actual shooting?(A) To plan the photograph(B) To purchase film and equipment(C) To hire a crew(D) To test the lights22. How is Kasten's studio work different from her work at architectural sites?(A) She does not use lights outdoors.(B) Her work outdoors is more unpredictable.(C) She works alone outdoors.(D) She makes more money from her work outdoors.23. Where in the passage does the author suggest that the constructions that Kasten photographs are life-sized?(A) Lines 2-4(B) Lines 5-7(C) Lines 12-14(D) Lines 16-17Questions 24-33The temperature of the Sun is over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rise to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core. In the core of the Sun. the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the Sun can never be directly observed.Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photo-sphere,convection zone, and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the Sun's atmosphere. But since the Sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun begins.The Sun's outermost layer begins about 10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the Sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as the one in February 1979. At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the Sun's rays.The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona's rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spike-like rays near the Sun's north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the Sun's equator.The corona rays are 'made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the Sun's corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible.24. The word "great" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) dangerous(B) unknown(C) variable(D) strong25. With what topic is the second paragraph mainly concerned?(A) How the Sun evolved(B) The structure of the Sun(C) Why scientists study the Sun(D) The distance of the Sun from the planets26. All of the following are parts of the Sun's atmosphere EXCEPT the(A) corona(B) chromosphere(C) photosphere(D) core27. The Word "one" in line 13 refers to(A) the Sun(B) the corona(C) an eclipse(D) the surface28. The purpose of the special instruments mentioned in line 14 is to(A) magnify the image of the Sun.(B) block ont the Sun's intense light(C) measure the amount of energy emitted by the Sun(D) photograph the Sun29. It can be inferred from the passage that a clear view of the Sun's outer layer is usually prevented by(A) the Sun's rays(B) an eclipse(C) lack of light(D) the great distance30. The word "sensational" in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) spectacular(B) predictable(C) bizarre(D) constant31. According to the passage, as the corona rays reach the planets, they become(A) hotter(B) clearer(C) thinner(D) stronger32. The paragraphs following the passage most likely discuss which of the following?(A) The remaining layers of the Sun(B) The evolution of the Sun to its present form(C) The eclipse of February 1979(D) The scientists who study astronomy33. Where in the passage does the author compare the light of the Sun's outermost layer to that of another astronomical body?(A) Lines 2-3(B) Lines 9-10(C) Lines 16(D) Lines 22-23Questions 34-42Many of the computing patterns used today in elementary arithmetic, such as those for performing long multiplications and divisions, were developed as late as the fifteenth century. Two reasons are usually advanced to account for this tardy development, namely, the mental difficulties and the physical difficulties encountered in such work.The first of these, the mental difficulties, must be somewhat discounted. The impression that the ancient numeral systems are not amenable to even the simplest calculations is largely based on lack of familiarity with these systems. It is clear that addition and subtraction in a simple grouping system require only ability to count the number symbols of each kind and then to convert to higher units. No memorization of number combinations is needed in a ciphered numeral system, if sufficient addition and multiplication tables have been memorized, the work can proceed much as we do it today.The physical difficulties encountered, however, were quite real. Without a plentiful and convenient supply of some suitable writing medium, any very extended development of the arithmetic process was bound to be hampered. It must be remembered that our common machine-made pulp paper is little more than a hundred years old. The older rag paper was made by hand and was consequently expensive and scarce.34. What is the main purpose of the passage?(A) To emphasize the importance of the mental process in performing calculations(B) To explain why some elementary computing systems were not developed until the fifteenthcentury.(C) To describe how ancient counting systems differ from those of the twentieth century(D) To compare the mental and physical processes used in arithmetics35. The word "tardy" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) historical(B) basic(C) unusual(D) late36. The word "these" in line 5 refers to(A) patterns(B) reasons(C) systems(D) calculations37. The word "discounted" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) reduced(B) contradicted(C) disregarded(D) interpreted38. The author states that doing calculations in a simple grouping system requires(A) memorizing numerical combinations(B) using an adding machine(C) producing large quantities of a writing medium(D) converting number symbols to higher units39. The word "encountered" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) faced(B) caused(C) increased(D) discussed40. The word "hampered" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) impeded(B) concluded(C) unnoticed(D) rejected41. The author describes old rag paper as all of the following EXCEPT(A) handmade(B) costly(C) scarce(D) delicate42. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?(A) Physical difficulties hindered the development of computing patterns.(B) Memorizing addition and multiplication tables is necessary for most elementary arithmeticprocesses.(C) Most people experience mental difficulties in learning long divisions and multiplications.(D) Numeral systems invented before the fifteenth century could not have been used to performelementary calculations.Questions 43-50The ecosystems of the Earth provide an array of free public services that are essential for the support of civilizations. They maintain the quality of the atmosphere, provide food from the sea, manufacture and replenish soils, recycle wastes and nutrients, control the overwhelming majority of crop pests and disease vectors, and so on. People have no idea how to take over these activities satisfactorily. They do know, however, that the theory once advanced in the nineteenth century--that the productivity of the land can be infinitely increased by the application of capital, labor, and science---is wrong. History has shown that once the natural life-support systems of a civilization have been sufficiently damaged, they cannot usually be repaired. The ancient deforestation and overgrazing of the Mediterranean region is a famous example. And today, a global civilization is mining the global environment.43. What is the main topic of this passage?(A) Free public services(B) Support needed for civilizations(C) The value of ecosystems(D) The vastness of the Earth44. The word "array" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) large number(B) excess(C) requirement(D) model45. The word "They" in line 2 refers to(A) ecosystems(B) civilizations(C) sea(D) people46. Which of the following could NOT be included under the "free public services" listed in lines 2-4?(A) Preventing overgrazing by domestic animals(B) Providing natural enemies for harmful insects(C) Creating and enriching material for plant growth(D) Supplying air for breathing47. The word "advanced'; in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) debated(B) ignored(C) proved(D) proposed48. The author mentions the Mediterranean region as an example of(A) the ability of nature to remedy human destruction(B) the ability of people to make use of natural resources(C) the manner in which people replenish the environment(D) the effects of human abuse of natural resources49. The author suggests that civilizations can survive only if they(A) greatly expand scientific research(B) do not destroy the balance of natural processes(C) replant the forests in the Mediterranean region(D) invent new procedures to replace obsolete ecosystems50. The author suggests that the difference between the ancient and the modem situation is that today the problem is(A) worldwide(B) better understood(C) more manageable(D) economic。

普林斯顿样题2.听力原文

Listening Test 2的原文

Listening Test 2试卷编号：ListeningTest2考试时间：60 分钟满分：25 分Part 1 Short dialogs and multiple choice questions(Each item: 0.5)Directions:Listen to the short dialogs, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.A. 8:30 in the morning.B. 8:30 in the evening.C. Well before 8:30 in the evening.D. Long after 8:30 in the morning.2.A. Exactly $3.00 a tin.B. Slightly more than $3.00 a tin.C. Slightly less than $3.00 a tin.D. A lot more than $3.00 a tin.3.A. Iginla.B. Calgary.C. The Flames.D. The Williams Sisters.4.A. It's good though there will be a lot of noise.B. It's good though there will be too much smoke.C. It 's terrible.D. It's wonderful.5.A. She will drive the man to the golf court.B. She will outperform the man.C. The new gold driving range belongs to her club.D. Her golf clubs are not very expensive.Part 2 Short passages/dialogs and blank filling (Each item: 0.5)Directions:Listen to the following recording, then answer the questions by filling in the blanks. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time to write the missing words. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 6 to 15 are based on the same passage or dialog.>>Why was Thorpe under great pressure?--- The whole nation loves 6.7.>>What did he show on the first day of competition?---He showed that he could 8.9.>>Which two events did Thorpe take part in on the first day?---The 10.100m 11.>>What did he get two days later?---A silver 12.13.>>What was his final medal?---A 14.15.Part 3 Short passages/dialogs and cloze(Each item: 1)Directions:Listen to the following recording, then fill in the blanks. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time to write the missing words. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 16 to 30 are based on the same passage or dialog.Real Madrid finished their 16.Team 17.18.first half. In the second half a substitution player scored 19.And then Ronaldo added the 20.21.22.midfield. But he still showed some 23.24.25.the 26.27.was 28.29.30.Part 4 Short passages and multiple choice questions(Each item: 0.5)Directions:Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the same passage or dialog.31.How many names for football are mentioned in the passage?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.32.In how many countries is football played?A. More than 100.B. Nearly 200.C. More than 200.D. 250.33.According to the speaker, why is football so popular?A. Because its rules are simple.B. Because its rules are strict.C. Because its equipment looks attractive.D. Because it is exciting.34.How many continents did the speaker mention to show the popularity of football?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.35.According to the speaker, at what level is football important?A. At the individual level.B. At the local level.C. At the national level.D. All of the above.。

普林斯顿样题1 section 2

不做能力之外的事，但要做全能之内的每一件事。

一个人应当将人类最伟大的责任及其目标与理想，放在日常生活，及当下所发生的事物之上。

例如：藉由这些练习的养成，来发展自我，以便于帮助同人类，提供建议。

即使不见得在短期之内能见到成果。

这便是正精进(To let all the foregoing exercises become a habit)普林斯顿样题①Section 21. Simple photographic lenses cannot _____ sharp, undistorted images over a主语谓语定语宾语状语wide field.(A) to form(B) are formed(C) forming(D) form分析：考点是情态动词与动词原形构成谓语。

句子主语为simple photographic lenses,宾语为images，所以空格处应和情态动词cannot构成句子的复合谓语。

参考译文：简易的摄像机镜头不能捕捉住大范围的清晰而不失真的影像。

2. Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is状语主语谓语表语定从most.(A) it influences farmers(B) that influences farmers(C) farmers that it influences(D) why farmers influence it分析：考点是定语从句。

逗号前是介词短语做状语，逗号后才是这句话的主句。

Weather is the one（factor），one代替前面的factor，句子已经完整。

则the one 后的空格应修饰the one, that在此引导定语从句。

参考译文：在所有影响农业收成的因素中，天气是对农民影响最大的因素之一。

3. Beverly Sills, ______, assumed directorship of the New York City Opera in主语同位语谓语宾语定语状语1979.(A) be a star soprano(B) was a star soprano(C) a star soprano and(D) a star soprano分析：考点是同位语。

《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案unit4

《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案U n i t4本页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.March《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案Unit 4Unit 4Task 1【答案】1) They were orphans and had nobody to support them.2) Each boy was given only one bowl of gruel for supper and no more — far from enough.3) They boys were so hungry that they could not bear it any more. They decided that tone of them must ask the master for more gruel. Olive Twist was chosen by casting lots.4) He never thought that any boy would dare to ask for more food than the given portion. Therefore, he was both surprised and angry on hearing Oliver’s request. 5) He was struck on the head by the master and pushed out of the room. And for a week Olive remained prisoner in the cellar.【原文】Oliver Twist had no parents and lived in the workhouse.The room in which the boys had their food was a large stone hall. Each boy was given one bowl of gruel and no more. The bowls never needed washing. The boys polished them with their spoons. But still the boys were hungry.Oliver Twist and the other boys suffered from slow starvation for three months. At last they got so wild with hunger that one of the boys, who was tall for his age, said:"If this goes on, I am afraid I shall eat the boy who sleeps next me." He had wild hungry eyes and the boys believed him. The boys gathered and thought of a plan."One of us must walk up to the master at supper this evening and ask for more gruel," said one boy."Let us east lots," said another. "In that way we shall see who must go up to the master and ask for more."So they cast lots. The lot fell to Oliver Twist. He had to go up to the master and ask for moregruel.The evening came. The boys took their places and quickly ate up their gruel. Then they looked at Oliver. He rose from his place, bowl and spoon in hand, went up to the master and said, "Please, sir, I want some more." The master was a fat, healthy man, but he turned pale."What!" he said at last.Oliver repeated: "Please, sir, I want some more."The master struck Oliver on the head and pushed him out of the room.For a week Oliver remained a prisoner in the cellar.Task 2【答案】A. 1) F 2) F 3) TB.1) d 2) b【原文】Mark Twain was a famous American writer. There were many stories about him. One day Mark Twain was fishing. A stranger came along."Good morning!" said the stranger."Good morning!" said Mark Twain. "Nice weather we're having!""Very nice indeed," said the stranger. "How was fishing""Very good. I caught three trout here yesterday in just about an hour.""Is that so" said the stranger."Yes. I'm very fond of trout.""By the way," said the stranger, "do you happen to know who I am""No, I haven't any idea," said Mark Twain."Well, I'm the game warden of this county," said the stranger. "Fishing is not allowed here."Mark Twain paused a minute. Then he asked:"By the way, do you know who I am""No, I don't.""Well, I am the biggest liar in the country."Task 3【答案】A.Name: Lewis CarrollOccupation: mathematics; Oxford UniversityLiterary works: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland; 1865;Through the Looking-Glass; 1871B.These stories are about a dream world in which Alice meets strange creatures and has interesting adventures.【原文】Which would you rather be A mathematician or a writer Perhaps you will never be faced with this kind of choice. Lewis Carroll was both a mathematician and a writer. He was a lecturer in mathematics at Oxford University. But he is better known as the author of two of the most famous children’ s books that have ever been written: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. The author’s real name was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, but he preferred to use the pen-name “Lewis Carroll” when he wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and this is the name we remember him by.Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was published in 1865, when its author was 33 years old; it was followed by Through the Looking-Glass in 1871. Both books were written for a real girl called Alice, but they have been read by millions of children since they were first published. These stories are about a dream world in which Alice meets strange creatures and has interesting adventures . I’m sure you know this already, but if you don’t, you had better read the stories yourselves.Task 4【答案】the Greeks, closed the gates of the city and stayed behind the walls, the Greeks, a huge wooden horse, hide inside it, the horse, they stopped, hid their ships, Greek prisoner, the horse, The Greek soldiers, the wooden horse【原文】Many, many years ago there was a war between the Greeks and the Trojans. The Greek ships sailed up to the city of Troy. When the Trojans saw the Greek ships, they closed the gates of their city and stayed behind the walls. The Greeks attacked the city many times, but could not take it. Then one of the Greeks thought of a plan. The Greeks made a big wooden horse and had some soldiers hide inside the horse. In the morning the Greeks burned their camps and sailed away. Only the big wooden horse remained in front of the city gate.But the Greek ships did not sail far. The Greeks stopped at a place near Troy, where the Trojans could not see them, and hid their ships. At first the Trojans wanted to burn the wooden horse, but a Greek prisoner said, "Don't bum the horse. Bring it into Troy. It will help you."The horse was very big, and the Trojans could not bring it in through the gate. They had to make a hole in the wall. Then they brought the wooden horse into the city. The next day was a holiday in Troy. At night all the Trojan soldiers fell asleep after a heavy festive drinking.The Greek ships came back to Troy in the night. When everything was quiet, the Greek soldiers came out of the wooden horse and opened the gates of the city. The Greek army came into the city, killed many Trojans and took the city.Task 5【答案】A.1) c 2) aB.1) All the animals thought that he was the king of beasts. Actually he was a coward. He was afraid of human beings and other big animals. He roared only to scare them away and never really hurt them.2) Dorothy and her dog wanted to get back to Kansas. The Scarecrow wanted some brains and the Tinman wanted a heart. The Lion wanted to have courage.【原文】The following story has been taken from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz written by L. Frank Baum in 1900. The book is a modern fairy tale and is one of the great favorites of American children.One day a tornado carried away Dorothy and her dog Toto from their home in Kansa sand landed them in the wonderful land of Oz. Here they made friends with two strange fellows, a scarecrow and a tin man. The four were now on their way to the Emerald City where the Great Oz lived.Just as the Tinman spoke there came from the forest a terrible roar, and the next moment a great Lion rushed into the road. With one blow of his paw he knocked the Scarecrow to the edge of the road, and then he hit the Tinman with his sharp claws.But, to the Lion's surprise, he could make no mark on the tin, though the Tinman fell over in the road and lay still.Little Toto, now that he had an enemy to face, ran barking towards the Lion. The great beast had opened his mouth to bite the dog. Dorothy feared that Toto would be killed. She forgot all danger and rushed forward. She slapped the Lion upon his nose as hard as she could, and cried out:"Don't bite Toto! You should be ashamed of yourself, a big beast like you, to bite a poor little dog!""I didn't bite him," said the Lion, as he rubbed his nose with his paw where Dorothy had hit it."No, but you tried to," she said in anger. "You are nothing but a big coward.""I know," said the Lion, and he hung his head in shame. "I've always known it. But how can I help it""I don't know, I'm sure. But how can you hit a stuffed man like the poor Scarecrow""Is he stuffed" asked the Lion, in surprise, as he watched her pick up the Scarecrow and set him upon his feet, while she patted him into shape again."Of course he's stuffed," replied Dorothy. She was still angry."That explains it. He really went over easily," said the Lion. "It surprised me to see him turn around so. Is the other one stuffed also""No," said Dorothy, "he's made of tin." And she helped the Tinman up again."He really hurt my claws," said the Lion. "When they scratched against the tin it made a cold shiver min down my back. What is that little animal you are so kind to" "He is my dog, Toto," answered Dorothy."Is he made of tin, or stuffed" asked the Lion. "Neither. He's a meat dog," said the girl."Oh. He's a curious animal, and seems really small, now that I look at him. No one thinks of biting such a small, little thing except a coward like me," continued the Lion sadly."What makes you a coward" asked Dorothy. She looked at the great beast in wonder, for he was as big as a small horse."I don't know," replied the Lion. "I suppose I was born that way. All the other animals in the forest expect me to be brave, for the Lion is everywhere thought to be the King of Beasts. I learned that if I roared very loudly every living thing was afraid and got out of my way. Whenever I've met a man I've been very much frightened; but I just roared at him, and he has always min away as fast as he could go. If the elephants, tigers and bears ever tried to fight me, I would run away — I'm such a coward; but just as soon as they hear me roar, they all try to get away from me, and of course I let them go.""But that isn't right. The King of Beasts shouldn't be a coward," said the Scarecrow. "I know it," said the Lion, and he wiped a tear from his eye with the tip of his tail. "It is a great sorrow, and it makes my life very unhappy. But whenever there is danger, my heart begins tobeat fast.""Perhaps you have heart disease," said the Tinman."It may be so," said the Lion."If you have," continued the Tinman, "you should be glad, for it proves you have a heart. For my part, I have no heart; so I can't have heart disease.""Perhaps," said the Lion, "I am a coward because I have a heart.""Have you brains" said the Scarecrow."I suppose so. I've never looked to see," replied the Lion."I am going to the great Oz to ask him to give me some," remarked the Scarecrow, "for my head is stuffed with straw.""And I am going to ask him to give me a heart," said the Tinman."And I am going to ask him to send me and Toto back to Kansas," added Dorothy. "Do you think Oz can give me courage" asked the Cowardly Lion."Just as easily as he can give me brains," said the Scarecrow."Or give me a heart," said the Tinman."Or send me back to Kansas," said Dorothy."Then if you don't mind, I'll go with you," said the Lion, "for life is hard without courage.""You will be very welcome," answered Dorothy, "for you will help to keep away the other wild beasts. I think they must be more cowardly than you if they allow you to scare them so easily.""They really are," said the Lion, "but that doesn't make me any braver, and as long as I know myself to be a coward I shall be unhappy."So once more the little company set off upon the journey. The Lion walked at Dorothy's side. Toto did not like the Lion at first, because he could not forget how nearly he had been crushed between the Lion's great jaws; but after a time he became more at ease, and before long Toro and the Cowardly Lion became good friends.Task 6【答案】A.1) Civil War2) first, equality3) battlefields, bloodiest4) ordinaryB.1) d 2) c【原文】Walt Whitman is often called the poet of American democracy. He lived during the American Civil War, and he admired President Abraham Lincoln very much.Whitman was the first American poet who wrote about tree equality among all people. In a poem called "Song of Myself" he compared himself to all other people, and he found no difference. He wrote:"...every atom belonging to me... belongs to you."In the same poem Whitman spoke up for women. He wrote:"The Female equally with the Male I sing."He also wrote:"In the faces of men and women I see God." and "A great city is that which has the greatest men and women."Whitman understood war and the results of war. He worked in a hospital, taking care of wounded men. In a description of northern soldiers who had returned from prisons in the south he wrote: "The sight is worse than any sight of battlefields or any collection of wounded, even the bloodiest." In Whitman's words: "The real war will never get in the books."Whitman was the first important American poet to write about ordinary people, using ordinary language.Task 7【答案】A.1) A red, red rose that’s newly spring in June and the melody that’s sweetly played in tune.2) He will love her till all the seas are dried and the rocks melt in the sun. his love will last as long as the sands of life run(there is life on earth).3) Yes, he is, and he will come back no matter how far it is.B.June---tune I---dry sun---run while ---mile【原文】O, my love is like a red, red rose,That is newly sprung in June.O, my love is like the melody,That is sweetly played in tune.As fair are you, my lovely lass,So deep in love am I,And I will love you still, my Dear,Till all the seas go dry.Till all the seas go dry, my Dear,And the rocks melt with the sun!O I will love you still, my Dear,While the sands of life shall run.And fare you well, my only Love,And fare you well a while!And I will come again, my Love,Although it were ten thousand mile!Task 8【答案】1) Tall stories, that is, unlikely ones.2) Because he wanted to be a member of a certain club.3) He went there because he was told that a lion came there each evening to drink water.4) Sixteen times.5) He killed sixteen lions.【原文】A famous French writer who wrote many books about England and the English people once wrote about the Englishman's fondness for improbable or tall stories. In one of his books about the First World War, an English priest tells the following story: He had wanted to become a member of a certain club in Africa. In order to become a member, each person had to shoot at least one lion. The priest had never shot an animal in his life. So, armed with a rifle and accompanied by a young African boy, the priest set out one evening for a pool in the jungle where he was told a lion came each evening to drink. He waited patiently for a few hours until shortly before midnight when he heard a rustling noise. Sure enough a few yards away the head of a lion appeared above a bush that separated the priest and the pool. He aimed and fired. The head of the lion immediately fell behind the bush but a moment later reappeared. So the priest aimed and fired again. The head of the lion immediately fell behind the bush but a moment later reappeared. The priest fired again: the same result. He remained calm because he knew he had brought sixteen bullets with him. After his fourth attempt his aim seemed to become more and more inaccurate. In fact, after his fifteenth attempt the African boy had to warn him, "This is your last chance. If you miss this time, we are in trouble."The priest then realized how serious the situation was, so he took a deep breath, aimed very carefully and fired. They waited a moment, then slowly counted up to twenty: the head of the lion did not reappear. The priest was certain that at last he had shot his lion. They rushed forward together to the spot behind the bush. And what do you think they found Sixteen lions.Task 9【答案】I. a young prince who lived on landA. rose to the surface of the sea and waited for the prince to come to herB. never cameII. a witchA. changed her fish’s tail into a pair of human legsB. she gave the witch her tongueIII. the prince’s palaceA. her feet hurt terriblyB. didn’t love herⅣ. a young princessA. drive back into the seaB. a spirit of the air and lived forever【原文】Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark. In Copenhagen harbor, you can see a statue of the Little Mermaid. I wonder if you know her story. It's a sad one.That Little Mermaid fell in love with a young prince who lived on the land. Every night she used to rise up to the surface of the sea and sit staring at his palace, waiting for him to come to her. But he never came.Finally she visited a witch. The witch changed her fish's tail into a pair of human legs so that she could go and live on land. But in return, the Little Mermaid had to give her tongue to the witch, so that she could never sing or speak again. She loved the prince so much that she gave it happily.She went and lived in the prince's palace, and every night, she danced for him, although her strange new feet caused her terrible pain. But she didn't mind the pain. She waited and waited for the prince to fall in love with her.But, although the prince liked the Little Mermaid very much, he didn't love her. He fell in love with a young princess and they got married. On their wedding night, the Little Mermaid sadly dived back into the sea. She had no tail now, only legs, and she thought that she would die. She didn't die, though. Because of her kind heart, she became a spirit of the air and lived forever.Task 10【答案】A.1) b 2) c 3) b 4) a 5) aB.No. 1[e] No. 2 [b] No. 3 [a] [d] [c]【原文】1) A wolf thought that by disguising himself as a sheep he could get enough to eat. So he put on a sheepskin and joined the flock without being discovered. At sunset the shepherd shut him with the sheep in the fold. Then he felt hungry, so he picked up his knife and killed one of the sheep for his supper. But it was the wolf that he killed.2) A bird in a cage at a window used to sing during the night. A bat which heard her came up and asked why she never sang by day, but only by night. She explained that there was a good reason: she was caught while she was singing in the daytime, and this had taught her a lesson. "One must be careful before one is caught, not after," said the bat.3) Monkeys are said to have a strange habit. When twins are born to them, the mother will take care of only one of the twins. She will hold it tightly to her breast and neglect the other. But the one taken care of will die because it cannot breathe freely, while the neglected one will grow up strong and healthy.4) A gnat alighted on a bull's horn. After it had stayed there a long time and felt like moving on, it asked the bull if he would like it to go now. "I didn't notice when you came," replied the bull, "and I shall not notice if you go."5) A reed and an olive tree were quarrelling one day. They wanted to see which one was the stronger. Finally the olive tree said to the reed, "You are weak. You are easily bent by the wind." But the reed did not say a word. Before long a storm arose.The reed was tossed about and bent by the winds, but it was not hurt. The olive tree stood bravely against the storm and was broken by its force.Task 11【答案】I.A. struck a rock and began to break up.B. sank tooC. had survivedII.A. he was tied very firmly by a large number of fine ropes.B. about forty little men shot at him with their arrows, which hurt like needles.C. the little men gave him all the bread, meat and wine they had.III.was seven feet by three feet, equipped with twenty-two wheels and pulled by fifteen hundred little horses【原文】Gulliver was travelling by ship. The ship struck a rock and began to break up. Some of the sailors and Gulliver got away in a boat, but that sank too. In the end Gulliver was the only person who survived-who didn't drown. He kept on swimming, and just managed to reach land. By that time it was already evening. Gulliver kept on walking, but by then he was so exhausted that he lay down on the grass, and fell sound asleep.He slept until the following morning. When he woke up, he could not move. His arms and legs were tied to the ground, very firmly, and so was his hair. There were a large number of very fine, thin ropes across his body, he discovered, and these prevented him from moving.Gulliver could just manage to look down his body — that was all he could do —and there he saw, advancing up his body, about forty little men. These little men were only about six inches high. They were dressed as soldiers, and each one carried a bow and arrow. Gulliver shouted out, and when he did this, all the soldiers ran away, though they gradually came back again.Gulliver decided to try to escape. He managed to break some of the ropes, and he was also able to free his head. But when he began to move, the soldiers shot at him with their arrows. These arrows were small but sharp like needles, and they hurt Gulliver. He decided to keep still and when he did so, the soldiers stopped shooting at him with their arrows.By this time Gulliver was feeling very hungry, so he put his finger to his mouth, to show the little people that he needed food. They understood this, and they brought him bread and meat. Gulliver ate all the bread and meat, and then indicated that he was thirsty. Again he was understood, and the people brought him wine. In fact Gulliver drank all the wine that was available — all they had.After that one of the king's officers came up to Gulliver. He spoke to him, and indicated that he had to go to the city, to the capital of the island. This was what the king had ordered. Guliver asked to be set free, but the officer refused. Gulliver againthought of trying to escape, but he remembered those arrows which the soldiers had shot at him, and he decided to do nothing. In any case he soon fell asleep, because of all the wine he had drunk.While he was asleep, the people on the island made arrangements — got everything ready — to take Gulliver to the capital. They managed to get him on a cart which they had built specially to take him to the city. It was seven feet long, and three feet wide, and it had twenty-two wheels in all. It took about three hours to get Gulliver on the cart, and fifteen hundred horses to pull the cart to the city.Task 12Aesop was a very clever man who lived in Greece thousands of years ago. He wrote many good fables. He was known to be fond of jokes. One day, as he was enjoying a walk he met a traveler, who greeted him and said, “Kind man, can you tell me how soon I shall get to town”“Go,” Aesop answered.“I know I must go”, said the traveler, “but I should Like you to tell me how soon I shall get to town.”“Go,” Aesop said again angrily.“This man must be mad,” the traveler thought and went on.After he had gone some distance, Aesop shouted after him, “You will get to town in two hours.” The traveler turned around in astonishment. “Why didn’t you tell me that before” he asked.“How could I have told you before” answered Aesop. “I did not know how fast you could walk.。

听力教程2 Unit 2 原文

Unit 2Section One Part 1a.It’s on top of the bookcase.b.With milk, please.c.At five past one.d.At five past one.e.It’s on top of the bookcase.f.With milk, please.Part2 Ralph NaderRalph Nader is a man of few possessions. He owns very little and lives in a small apartment. He doesn't have a car or a TV set. He doesn't have many clothes and he doesn't care about money when he makes a lot of money, he gives it away. He doesn't smoke and he works from six in the morning until late at night, seven days a week: he is paying back to America his debt as a citizen.When he went to parties as a young man, people complained that all he talked about was the dangers of cars, and how bad car design caused the deaths of so many people each year. After he graduated from Harvard, he published an article entitled "Unsafe at Any Speed," which was about a car called Corvair. Later, he made a big attack on the car industry and showed how many deaths in car accidents were because of badly-made cars. He said new laws were needed to make cars safer. In 1966, because of Nader's work, a law was passed to make car safer.After this success, Nader became interested in something very different. This was the quality of meat and the amount of meat that is put into foods like sausages and hamburgers. A year later, in 1967, again because of Nader's work, a law was passed to ensure that products like sausages and hamburgers contained the right amount of meat. In 1968, three more laws were passed because of Nader's efforts. The first was to ensure the safety of gas pipelines -- these are the pipes that take gas across the country from one town to another. The second was to protect people from radiation --that is, the dangerous radiation which may leak from nuclear sources. The third was to ensure the proper standard of poultry -- that is, the chicken and turkey meat.Ralph Nader, now one of the most influential people in the United States, has set a wonderful example of what determined men and women can do to improve the quality of life in their country.Section 3RetellingAs Susan and her daughter Jenny walked around the park they were hounded by beggars. The girl was shocked when she saw a skeletal young beggar woman wrapped in a gray shawl*. Her eyes were sunken* and she held out a bony hand like she was receiving communion, As she did, her shawl fell away revealing a young child standing under it. Jenny just started throwing her money into that bony hand. Susan grabbed her before she could start taking off her jewelry, and the mother decided to have a talk with her about the beggars when they got back to the hotel.They boarded the return bus. They were stopped at a red light when Jenny stood straight up and screamed, “Mother!” Susan went to her window and she pointed to a taxi next to the bus. There, in air conditioned comfort, sat the beggar woman with her child next to her, eating an ice cream cone.Section 4College Costs in the U.S.A new report says the cost of studies at public colleges in the United States increased 14 percent this year. This is the biggest increase in tuition* in 30 years. But the study also found that the average student pays a lot less than the published costs of a college education, because of grants*. And it points out that American students received a record amount of financial aid last year.Students do not have to repay grants, unlike financial aid in the form of loans. About half of American college students receive grants. This means that education costs differ from student to student. The report is from the College Board. This is a non-profit membership group of schools and other educational organizations. One of its best-known jobs is to administer* college entrance tests.The College Board says tuition at two-year public colleges rose at the same rate as four-year schools. The College Board says the increases were mainly caused by cuts in state spending on education.But a congressman says colleges have increased their prices in both good and bad economic times. John Baehner of Ohio is chairman of the House Committee on Education and the Workforce. He says colleges do not want to talk about their decisions to spend money to build things like rock-climbing walls.The College Board collected information from 4,000 colleges and universities. It says the average total charge for students who live at a public college in their state is 10,600 dollars. While tuition rose 14 percent this year, housing and other costs increased at a lower rate.At a private college, total charges are almost 27,000 dollars. That is an increase of about six percent over last year.David Ward is president of the American Council on Education. His group represents colleges and universities. Mister Ward called the College Board findings bad news. But he says percentage increases in tuition do not tell the whole story. He says there was good news about grants and otherstudent aid.The College Board says financial aid for the last school year reached 105,000 million dollars. That amount was up sharply from the year before.My GrandfatherI opened the door. My Grandfather was in the front room. He was wearing the ceremonial beaded deerskin shirt which had belonged to his grandfather. “Welcome back,” he said.I embraced my parents warmly, letting go only when I saw my cousin Roger sprawled on the couch. His eyes were red and swollen. He’d lost w eight. His feet were an unsightly mass of blood and blisters, and he was moaning: “I made it, see. I made it. I’m a warrior.”My grandfather looked at me strangely. I was clean, obviously well-fed, and radiantly healthy. Myparents got the message. My uncle and aunt gazed at me with hostility.Finally my grandfather asked, “What did you eat to keep you so well?”I sucked in my breath and blurted* out the truth: “Hamburgers and milk shakes.”“Hamburgers!” my grandfather growled*.“Milk shakes!” Roger moaned.“You didn’t say we had to eat grasshoppers,” I said sheepishly.“Tell us all about your Ta-Na-E-Ka,” my grandfather commanded.I told them everything, from borrowing the five dollars, to Ernie’s kindness, to observing the beaver.“That’s not what I trained you for,” my grandfather said sadly.I stood up. “Grandfather, I learned that Ta-Na-E-Ka is important. I didn’t think so during training. I was scared stiff of it. I handled it my way. And I learned I had nothing to be afraid of. There’s no reason in 1947 to eat grasshoppers when you can eat a hamburger.”I was inwardly shocked at my own audacity*. “Grandfather, I’ll bet you never ate one of those rotten berries yourself.”Grandfather laughed!“Those berries –they are terrible,” Grandfather admitted. “I could never swallow them. I found a dead deer on the first day of my Ta-Na-E-Ka – shot by a soldier, probably – and he kept my belly full for the entire period of the test!”My grandfather called me to Roger. “You should have done what your cousin did. B ut I think you are more alert to what is happening to our people today than we are. I think you would have passed the test under any circumstances, in any time. Somehow, you know how to exist in a world that wasn’t made for Indians. I don’t think you’re going to have any trouble surviving.”Section 2Part 1Father: Well, whose fault do you think it is, then?Daughter: I don't know.Father: It couldn't be yours?Daughter: What? That I feel lonely because I haven't any friends there?Father: No, that you haven't got any friends.Daughter: But I've told you! They're not very friendly there. They never talk to me! They just leave me alone.Father: But why?Daughter: How should I know?Father: Isn't it possible it's because you're not very friendly towards them?Daughter: What do you mean?Father: Have you talked to them? Have you tried to make conversation?Daughter: I've told you! They're not interested in talking to me.Father: How do you know?Daughter: Because ... for example ... at lunch time, they all sit together in groups!Father: Yes, but why don't you sit with one of the groups?Daughter: Don't be silly. I couldn't. It would be awful!Father: why?Daughter: It just would. That's all.Father: How do you know?Daughter: I just do!Father: Well, you'll never make friends if you don't try, will you? I mean, you've got to meet them,too, at least half way.Daughter: It just wouldn't work!Father: You know what I think. I think you're just saying that because you're impatient. Daughter: Impatient? Me?Father: Yes, impatient. You always have been, ever since you were a child. If you don't get what you want immediately, you get depressed and you give up too easily!Daughter: Look, if you came with me some morning, you'd understand ...Father: You've only been there for four weeks. These things take time.Daughter: I know, but I still feel...Father: Listen, give them time to get to know you ... and give yourself time get to know them, and things will change. Believe me!Dialogue 2 GesturesNumber 1Woman: You know, a "nod" -- moving your head up and down -- means “yes” in most places, but not everywhere. Did you know that in Greece a nod means "no"?Man: It means "no" in Greece? I'm surprised.Number 2Man: I didn't know "raised eyebrows" means "yes" in Tonga. It means something very different in Peru.Woman: Yeah? What does it mean there?Man: Money. "Raised eyebrows" is a gesture for money in Peru.Woman: Hmm.Number 3Woman: Um, Alberto, you said that "tapping your head" means "I'm thinking" in Argentina.Man: That's right.Woman: You'd better be careful about using that gesture here in Canada. It means someone is crazy. Man: Oh, it means "crazy" in Canada? I didn't know that. I'll be careful.Number 4Man: You know, it's interesting that in the Netherlands, "tapping your elbow" means you can't depend on someone. In Colombia, they use the same gesture, but it has a different meaning. Woman: What does it mean in Colombia?Man: Well, it means someone is cheap. That person doesn't like to spend money.Woman: Hmm.Number 5Woman: Here's an interesting one. You know how "circling your head" means that a person's crazy? Man: Yeah.Woman: Guess what it means in the Netherlands.Man: The Netherlands? I have no idea.Woman: It means someone is calling on the telephone. You know, like dialing a phone.Man: That's interesting.Number 6Man: So "flicking your chin" means "go away" in Italy, rightWoman: Yes.Man: Guess what it means in Brazil.Woman: In Brazil? I don't know.Man: That's right.Woman: Huh?Man: In Brazil, "flicking your chin" means "I don't know."Woman: "I don't know" is the meaning?Man: Right.Number 7Woman: Well, everything is "thumbs up" for my trip to Nigeria. I've never been to Africa before. I'm really looking forward to it.Man: Ah, you'd better be careful with that expression in Nigeria.Woman: Huh?Man: Thumbs up. In Nigeria, it means ... um ... well, it has a very bad meaning. Don't use thatgesture. It will get you into a lot of trouble.Woman: Oh, thanks for telling me.Number 8Man: You said "tossing your head" means "come here" for Germans?Woman: That's right. But there are some other meanings. In India, it means "yes." But it has the opposite meaning in Italy. In Italy it means "no."Man: Hmm, "yes" in India, "no" in Italy. Isn't it interesting how the same thing can have such different meanings?Woman: It sure is.Part 2 PassageOne shouldn't always go by first impressions. In my hometown there lived a giant of a man with huge hands and a manner so fierce and unfriendly that he always sat alone in any public place. Yet to those who knew him, he was a kind and generous friend. In the same way one should never assume that somebody who looks inoffensive is always going to behave in an inoffensive manner.Recently my young brother, who works for a famous American airline, was reminded of this truth.The plane was overbooked and for once all the passengers turned up. So my brother had the difficult task of choosing three passengers and informing them that they couldn't travel on the flight in question*.Knowing that the young are generally impatient and often aggressive, my brother chose three elderly travellers, an English couple and a little old American lady.The English couple accepted the situation and went to have a drink while waiting for the next flight.Then my brother approached the American lady, whose name was Mrs Pepper, with a sad smile on his face, "Mrs Pepper? May I have a few words? I'm afraid we have a problem.""A problem? What do you mean, we have a problem, young man?"“Would you like to come into the office?” asked my brother,sensing that this was not going to be easy."Oh, very well, but only for a moment. I have a plane to catch, you know.""Er ... yes." My brother explained the position.The little lady looked at him with steely, blue eyes. "Youngman," she said. "I don't believe you are aware that you are talking to Mrs Katherine Pepper, widow of General Arnold Pepper, of the United States Army Air Force and I'd like to inform you, further, that the President of your airline was a personal friend of the General's. In the circumstances I'd advise you to sort this out right away, otherwise you're going to be in a lot of trouble. Do I make myself clear?"Part 3News ltem 1The simultaneous* bombings of three underground trains and a double-decker bus in London three years ago are imprinted* on the minds of many people in Britain.But our memories of the attacks are unreliable, according to a study from Portsmouth University. 40% of British students questioned about the events remembered seeing CCTV footage* of the bus bomb - footage which never existed. A further 28% claimed to have seen a non-existent computerized reconstruction.Some even recalled specific details of the attacks, which none of them witnessed."Memories are not like videotape you can rewind and replay for perfect recall," said lead researcher James Ost. "Because of this, they are not reliable enough to form the basis of legal decisions."News Item 2China begins three days of mourning for earthquake victims in Sichuan province, with a three-minute silence and half-mast flags.For three minutes a collective wail * was heard across the town of Beichuan as raid sirens* and car horns sounded the exact time when the earthquake hit China one week ago. Workers here laid wreaths* outside the town's school. At 2:28 in the afternoon, last Monday, it was engulfed* in a landslide*, hundreds of children died.To the side of the mourners, bodies lay waiting to be buried. Rescue work has resumed and two women were found alive here this morning, but these glimmer of hope are increasingly rare. The aftershocks* continue.News item 3Indonesia is expected to announce stronger security measures Wednesday after a deadly bombing in Jakarta. At least 13 people were killed when a car bomb exploded near a hotel. 149 people were injured. The hotel is operated by a United States company. The governor of Jakarta said it was very likely that the bomber was killed in the attack. Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri visited the damaged hotel. Buildings nearby also were damaged. The explosion comes 2 days before an Indonesian court decides the first case connected to the deadly bombings last year in Bali*. Those attacks killed 202 people.。

托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编4（题后含答案及解析）

托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编4（题后含答案及解析）托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Listening ComprehensionSection One：Listening Comprehension听力原文：Listen to a conversation between a student (S) and an American history professor (P).S: Professor Farrington, may I ask a question about something you said in class yesterday?P: Sure.S: You mentioned that... about how Park City in Utah went from a boomtown in the 1800s to a ghost town and then became prospero us again. I was, well... that’s an interesting cycle, and..., well, perhaps it might be suitable topic for my research paper?P: Sure, that might make a good topic since similar things happened at other mining towns.S: So, comparing them might be interesting?P: Yeah, absolutely!S: So, what triggered the economic downturn in Park City?P: Well, in 1870 there were fewer than 200 people living in the Park City area. After silver was discovered there the population grew very quickly. I think it reached around 10,000 by 1900, but soon after that the silver that was close to the surface had all been mined, so they had to dig deeper and deeper, which reduced the profit margin not just because it’s time consuming, but going deeper led to problems with flooding. It’s t ime consuming and expensive to pump water out of mines. So, that was one major factor. I mean there were other factors that contributed too like the recession and a stock marketpanic in 1907. If you do write about this, you have to get into that.S: Ok, and it was what... tourism that brought it back again?P: Basically, yes. The ski industry kind of started about the same time in the 1920s. At first it was only a few folks hiking up to the top of the mountain and then skiing down. As the sportbecame popular, so did the mountains around Park City. By the 1960s, it was a major ski resort with thousands of skiers.S: And the same with the other abandoned mining towns?P: Well, some, but some became tourist attractions not because of skiing, but because people were interested in the history. Actually, one old mining town in the middle of the California desert... Bodie, that’s now a state park. It’s popular because the buildings have been preserved as they were in the 1940s.S: Wow! So, maybe I could choose a couple of towns that went through that whole cycle and talk about them in some depth as a way of illustrating the general boom and bust phenomenon... maybe find some first-hand accounts?P: Well, for this, sure, it’d be better to go into some depth about specific towns rather than talking about a lot of them in broad terms. Definitely give it a shot. But you probably won’t be able to find many diaries or personal accounts. Not many people who lived in mining towns could read or write, Oh, and also remember the impact of national events.S: Ok, that’s understandable, the local and the national. Thanks!。

2011.12.N2原文

2011年12月新日本語能力試験2級听力原文問題1問題1 ではまず質問を聞いてください。

それから話を聞いて、問題用紙の1 から4 の中から、最もよいものを一つ選んでください。

1 番会社で、男の人と女の人が話しています。

女の人はこの後まず何をしますか。

M：田中さんが今月いっぱいで退職するから、みんなで何かプレゼントしようと思ってるんだけど。

F：ああ、いいですね。

何がいいかな。

M：何かリクエストがあるか聞いてみようと思ってるんだけど。

F：田中さんって、何かほしいものないって、直接聞いてもいいですって言いそうですし。

M：あっ、そうそう。

この前、鍋のいいのがほしいとか言ってなかったっけ。

料理教室に通い始めたからって。

F：そうでしたね。

M：ああ、でも、もう買っちゃったってこともあるから。

それとなく本人に探ってみてよ。

それでまだだったら、鍋にしようよ。

F：そうですね。

今日のランチの時にでも～。

M：うん、頼んだよ。

プレゼント代はその後でみんなから集めて、もしお金が余ったら、それで当日花を買おう。

F：はい、花の注文も私のほうでします。

女の人はこの後まず何をしますか。

探るさぐる2 番男の人がスポーツクラブに電話をしています。

入会の申し込みの時、男の人は何を持って行かなければなりませんか。

M:すみません、そちらのスポーツクラブに入会したいんですが。

F:はい、ありがとうございます。

では、一度こちらにお越しいただくことになりますが。

M:はい。

F:こちらに入会申込書がございますので、来ていただいたときに、ご記入をお願いいたします。

申込書には写真が必要ですので、一枚お持ちください。

M:はい。

F:それから、身分を証明できるものもお持ちいただけますか。

M:運転免許書でいいですか。

F:はい、けっこうです。

それから、申し込み時には入会金3000円をいただくことになっております。

M:すみません。

会員の紹介があれば、払わなくてもいいって聞いたんですけど。

普林斯顿样题3

普林斯顿样题3 （听力与阅读）1. (A) Stop and take a rest.(B) Take another path of the hill.(C) Wait for the rest of the people to catch up,(D) Continue on to the top of the hill.2. (A) The machine works like that other one.(B) The man should change machines.(C) The machine might not be turned on.(D) The man might be charged for the copies.3. (A) Give him the ring.(B) Take the ring to the security office.(C) Take the ring to the administration building.(D) Put the ring in the locker.4. (A) The trees are being cut down.(B) He needs more air conditioning.(C) The trees help cool his house.(D) The trees are blocking his view.5. (A) The new travel agency is unreliable.(B) The agency with probably offer a good price.(C) That travel agent is easy to deal with.(D) The woman should finalize her travel arrangements.6. (A) He doesn't want to go now.(B) He'll meet them at the gate.(C) He'll use the phone over there.(D) He can't wait much longer.7. (A) Their furniture is uncomfortable.(B) Some of their furniture hasn't arrived yet.(C) They can't find a new apartment(D) Their apartment has too much furniture in it.8. (A) Her exams have already begun,(B) She has finished two papers.(C) She's trying t9 Complete her papers.(D) She's too busy to work on her papers.9. (A) Refuse to work after hours.(B) Arrive a little late.(C) Get a ride home from work.(D) Go to work early.10. (A) It'll cost him a lot of money.(B) He isn't serious about going.(C) Other people paid for his air fare(D) It isn't fair for him to go alone.11. (A) She's worried about the engine.(B) The engine should be fine,(C) The car hasn't served their needs well.(D) She's certain it's time to get a new car.12. (A) He doesn't have to do the project(B) The woman still has time to finish the project.(C) He'll help the woman to finish the project.(D) The semester will end in two weeks.13. (A) He'll be able to clean the house in time(B) He doesn't have time to take the woman home(C) It should be easy for the guests to find the house.(D) He needs time to relax before the guests arrive.14. (A) She wants to go to Peter's party.(B) She thought Peter went to class today.(C) She wonders whether Peter will attend her party.(D) She heard Peter went to a party instead of to class.15. (A) One Student had higher honors than the rest of the class.(B) Some engineering students had to postpone their graduation(C) Several students graduated with honors(D) One engineer graduated later than the others16. (A) She doesn't have anything to do.(B) The man is wrong about the time.(C) The flight is supposed to be two hours long.(D) They should call back in two hours.17. (A) He'd like to do it now,(B) He'll have some time later(C) Any time but now is good for him.(D) The woman should pick the time.18. (A) He's still vacationing(B) He likes his position at the paper(C) He just started a new job(D) He's unemployed.19. (A) The electronics field doesn't interest him.(B) The woman should avoid reading about electronics.(C) The article has technical errors.(D) The woman should improve her writing.20. (A) Go out with the man.(B) Share her yogurt with the man.(C) Eat what she brought with her.(D) Eat a sandwich21. (A) Tim spends a lot of time swimming.(B) Tim hasn't shown up yet.(C) Tim has to pay his water bill soon.(D) Tim doesn't spend money wisely.22. (A) Pass the coffee to the man.(B) Have a small cup of coffee.(C) Go without coffee.(D) Go out for coffee.23. (A) The construction job will probably take a long time(B) The noise problem could be solved.(C) The man has no reason to complain.(D) The man should move to a new building.24. (A) The assignment looked quite easy.(B) He doesn't understand the assignment.(C) He's too tired to help the woman. '(D) He's already finished the assignment.25. (A) She hasn't seen George since the baby was born.(B) George has never smoked.(C) She wants to visit George and the baby.(D) George no longer smokes.26. (A)The man should check the weather report in the paper.(B) The paper will be delivered this afternoon.(C) The rain will not last all day.(D) She prefers not to go out this morning.27. (A) She had hoped for a better conclusion.(B) Her committee hasn't been very busy lately.(C) This committee is better than the other one.(D) She is pleased with the results.28. (A) She was a speaker at the orientation session.(B) She wasn't able to attend the faculty orientation.(C) She participated in a psychology experiment(D) She's teaching assistant at the university.29. (A) Sell his textbooks.(B) Go to the bank.(C) Apply for the position.(D) Get some extra help.30. (A) She hadn't taken the test yet.(B) She wouldn't know about the prize.(C) She wouldn't take a picture of them.(D) She hadn't participated in the competition.31. (A) Go to summer school.(B) Take a vacation.(C) Stay at home.(D) Earn some money.32. (A) They hired someone to stay in their home.(B) They left their pets with neighbors.(C) They rented their house to a student.(D) They asked their gardener to watch their home.33. (A) Walking the dog.(B) Cutting the grass.(C) Watching the children.(D) Feeding the fish34. (A) They attend a housesitter's party.(B) They check a housesitter's references.(C) They interview a housesltter's friends.(D) They look at a housesitter's transcripts.35. (A) To find out if the book she ordered is in.(B) To ask him to attend a Student Federation meeting.(C) To get his schedule of classes for next semester.(D) To see if he has time to welcome new students.36. (A) Many of them work full-time.(B) They usually arrive on the weekend.(C) They have volunteered for the orientation.(D) They will need new textbooks.37. (A) Take Ruth's place as a tour guide.(B) Ask Ken if he will be at the orientation.(C) Leave work early if he can.(D) Help out when he has time.38. (A) Orientation will have to start sooner.(B) The bookstore will place its orders earlier.(C) Ken will call Tim about the orientation..(D) The Student Federation will meet on Fridays.39. (A) The process involved in the creation of fossil fuels.(B) The uses for different types of fossil fuels.(C) The methods form finding fossil fuels.(D) The measures taken to protect fossil fuels.40. (A) It is slowed by the process of photosynthesis.(B) It occurs only in certain areas.(C) It takes millions of years.(D) It is dependent on chemical compounds.41. (A) They are no longer produced,(B) They are used up faster than they are created.(C) The growing season of their source has become shorter.(D) Many of their sources have become extinct.42. (A) The dean of the art school.(B) The editor of Ceramics Monthly.(C) A skilled potter.(D) A student in the pottery class.43. (A) A picnic.(B) An art sale.(C) A formal graduation ceremony.(D) An exhibition of student work.44. (A) The class will be held at the company building.(B) It is giving a scholarship for the workshop.(C) Kate Ferguson works for the company.(D) It is a cosponsor for the workshop.45. (A) Write of Kate Ferguson.(B) Call the recreation center(C) See the instructor after class.(D) Submit a form to the Van Howe Chemical Company46 (A) The tuition money goes to a good cause.(B) They can study with one of the world's best potters.(C) They can meet new people and make friends(D) It has already been paid for.47. (A) Difficulty falling asleep.(B) Excessive sleepiness.(C) Frequent nightmares.(D) V oluntary napping.48. (A) Most are insomniacs.(B) Most are teenagers.(C) Most are easily cured.(D) Most suffer from hypersomnia.49. (A) During early childhood.(B) In a person's teens.(C) In a person's twenties.(D) After a person turns fifty.50. (A) Avoid social situations.(B) Stop taking certain drugs.(C) Take naps during the day.(D) Sleep eight hours a night.Section Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-10Alice Walker makes her living by writing, and her poems, short stories, and novels, have won many awards and fellowships for her. She was born in Eatonton, Georgia. She went to public schools there, and then to Spelman College in Atlanta before coming to New York to attend Sarah Lawrence College, from which she graduated in 1966. For a time she lived in Jackson, Mississippi, with her lawyer husband and small daughter. About Langston Hughes, American Poet, her first book for children, she says. "After my first meeting with Langston Hughes I vowed I would write a book about him for children someday. Why?Because I, at twenty-two, knew next to nothing of his work, and he didn't scold me; he just gave me a stack of his books. And he was kind to me; I will always be grateful that in his absolute warmth and generosity he fulfilled my deepest dream (and need) of what a poet should be.""To me he is not dead at all. Hardly a day goes by that I don't think of him or speak of him. Once, just before he died, when he was sick with the flu, I took him a sack full of oranges. The joy I felt in giving that simple gift is undiminished by time. He said he liked oranges, too."1. What is the main topic of the passage?(A) Alice Walker's reflection on Langston Hughes(B) The influence of Alice Walker on the writing of Langston Hughes(C) Langston Hughes' book about Alice Walker(D) A comparison of the childhoods of Alice Walker and Langston Hughes2. In the passage, Alice Walker is described as(A) a research fellow at Spelman College(B) a professor at Sarah Lawrence College(C) a prize-winning writer of prose and poetry(D) an author of plays for children3. Before attending college, Alice Walker went to school in(A) Atlanta, Georgia(B) Eatonton, Georgia(C) Jackson, Mississippi(D) Lawrence, Massachusetts4. The word, "vowed" in the 7 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Confided(B) Believed(C) Denied(D) Promised5. It can be inferred from the passage that Alice Walker was twenty-two years old when(A) she moved to Jackson Mississippi(B) she moved to New York(C) she first met Langston Hughes(D) Langston Hughes died6. It can be inferred from lines 9-11 that Alice Walker's first impressions of Langston Hughes were derived mostly from(A) talking with his friends(B) reading his autobiography(C) studying his poetry(D) meeting him7. The word "dream' in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) nightmare(B) expectation(C) sleep(D) misconception8. What does Alice Walker imply when she says Langston Hughes "is not dead at all" (line12)(A) Langston Hughes believed in eternal life.(B) She had not been informed of Langston Hughes' death.(C) For her, Langston Hughes had never really existed.(D) Langston Hughes is still present in her thoughts.9. The word "undiminished" in line 14 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Not exaggerated(B) Not lessened(C) Disappointed(D) Unequaled10. According to the passage, what did Alice Walker give Langston Hughes before he died?(A) A job(B) An award(C) Some oranges(D) A stack of booksQuestions 11-21Human vision, like that of other primates, has evolved in an arboreal environment. In the dense, complex world of a tropical forest, it is more important to see well than to develop an acute sense of smell. In the course of evolution, members of the primate have acquired large eyes while the snout has shrunk to give the eye an unimpeded view. Of mammals, only humans and some primates enjoy color vision. The red flag is black to the bull. Horses live in a monochrome world. Light visible to human eyes, however, occupies only a very narrow band in the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Ultraviolet rays are invisible to humans, though ants and honeybees are sensitive to them. Humans have no direct perception of infrared rays, unlike the rattlesnake, which has receptors tuned in to wavelengths longer than 0.7 micron. The world would look eerily different if human eyes were sensitive to infra-red radiation. Then, instead of the darkness of night, we would be able to move easily in a strange, shadowless world where objects glowed with varying degrees of intensity. But human eyes excel in other ways. They are, in fact, remarkably discerning in color gradation. The color sensitivity of normal human vision is rarely surpassed even by sophisticated technical devices.11. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Ultraviolet rays(B) Human vision(C) Sight and smell(D) The environment of primates12. Why does the author mention the "tropical forest" in line 2?(A) To explain why primates have development keen vision(B) To suggest that primates need to see only the color green(C) To give an example of environmental change(D) To indicate where large-eyed primates can be found13. What does the author mean by stating that "The red flag is black to the bull" (lines 5-6)(A) Bulls are attracted to red objects.(B) Bulls to not notice flags.(C) Bulls attack all flags.(D) Bulls to not see the color red.14. The word "monochrome- in line 6 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Monotonous(B) Ultraviolet(C) One-dimension(D) One-color15. In line 8, "them" refers to which of the following?(A) Human eyes(B) Ultraviolet rays(C) Humans(D) Wavelengths16. According to the passage, which of the following can detect wavelengths of light longerthan 0.7 micron?(A) Bulls(B) Horses(C) Ants(D) Rattlesnakes17. The word "eerily' in line 10 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Strangely(B) Increasingly(C) Slightly(D) Superficially18. It can be inferred from the passage that humans could move more easily at night if they(A) had a narrowed field of vision(B) were color-blind(C) had infrared vision(D) lived in an arboreal environment19. The word "surpassed" in line 15 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Recorded(B) Exceeded(C) Found(D) Provided.20. According to the passage, the ability of human's to distinguish color differences is(A) average(B) weak(C) excellent(D) variable21. Where in the passage does the author mention the development over time of certain physical changes among primates?(A) Lines 3-4(B) Lines 5-6(C) Lines 7-10(D) Lines 13-15Questions 22-31Ancient people made clay pottery because they needed it for their survival. They used the pots they made for cooking, storing food, and carrying things from place to place.Pottery was so important to early cultures that scientists now study it to learn more about ancient civilizations. The more advanced the pottery in terms of decoration, materials,glazes, and manufacture, the more advanced the culture itself.The artisan who makes pottery in North America today utilizes his or her skill and imagination to create items that are beautiful as well as functional, transforming something ordinary into something special and unique.The potter uses one of the Earth's most basic materials: clay. Clay can be found almost anywhere. Good pottery clay must be free from all small stones and other hard materials that would make the potting process difficult. Most North American artisan-potters now purchase commercially processed clay, but some find the clay they need right in the earth, close to where they work.The most important tools potters use are their own hands; however, they also use wire loop tools, wooden modeling tools, plain wire, and sponges. Plain wire is used to cat away the finished pot from its base on the potter's wheel.After a finished pot is dried of all its moisture in the open air, it is placed in a kiln and fired. The first firing hardens the pottery, and it is then ready to be glazed and fired again.For areas where they do not want any glaze, such as the bottom of the pot, artisans paint on melted wax that will later burn off in the kiln. They then pour on the liquid and let it run over the clay surface, making any kind of decorative patter that they want.22. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Different kinds of clay(B) The training of an artisan(C) The making of pottery(D) Crafts of ancient civilizations23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way that ancient people used pottery?(A) To hold food(B) To wash clothes(C) To cook(D) To transport objects24. The word "it" in line 3 refers to(A) clay(B) culture(C) survival. (D) pottery25. According to the passage, which of the following can be learned about an ancient civilization by examining its pottery'?(A) Its food preferences(B) Its developmental stage(C) Its geographic location(D) Its population26. The word "functional" in line 7 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Useful(B) Strong(C) Inexpensive(D) Original27. The word "basic" in line 9 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Familiar(B) Fundamental(C) Versatile(D) Dirty28. According to the passage, how do most North American potters today get the clay they need?(A) They buy it.(B) They make it.(C) They dig it from the earth.(D) They barter for it.29. It can be referred from the passage that clay processed commercially in order to(A) make it dry more evenly(B) remove hard substances(C) prevent the glaze from sticking(D) make it easier to color30. According to the author, what do potters use to remove the pot from the wheel?(A) Melted wax(B) A wire loop(C) A sponge(D) Plain wire31. The word "pattern" in line 22 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Model(B) Color(C) Puzzle(D) Design'Questions 32-41The status of women in colonial North America has been well studied and described and can be briefly summarized. Throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. This favorable ratio enhanced women's status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early British colonies in North America, regarded idleness as a sin, and believed that life in an underdevelopment country made it absolutely necessary that each member of the community perform an economic function. Thus work for women, married or single, was not only approved, it was regarded as a civic duty. Puritan town councils expected widows and unattached women to be self-supporting and for a long time provided needy spinsters with parcels of land. There was no social sanction against married women working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home. Needy children, girls as well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected to work for their keep.The vast majority of Women worked within their homes, where their labor produced mostarticles needed for the family. The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partially that of shoes was in the hands of women. In addition to these occupations, women were found in many different kinds of employment. They were butchers, silversmiths, gunsmiths, upholster. They ran mills, plantations, tan-yards, shipyards and every kind of shop, tavern, and boardinghouse; they were gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers, apothecaries, midwives, nurses and teachers.32. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Colonial marriages(B) The Puritan religion(C) Colonial women's employment(D) Education in the colonies33. The word "marked" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) underlined(B) graded(C) prolonged(D) distinct34. According to the passage, where in colonial North America were there the fewest women?(A) Puritan communities(B) Seaports(C) Frontier settlements(D) Capital cities35. The word "enhanced" in line'4 is closed in meaning to which of the following?(A) Supplemented(B) Confirmed(C) Improved(D) Determined36. It can be inferred from the passage that the Puritans were(A) uneducated(B) hardworking(C) generous(D) wealthy37. According to the passage, Puritans believed that an unmarried adult woman should be(A) financially responsible for herself(B) returned to England(C) supported by her family(D) trained to be a nurse38. The phrase "unattached women" in line 10 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Women without high social status(B) Women without property(C) Unmarried women(D) Unemployed women39. According to the passage, what did the Puritans expect from married women?(A) They should adopt needy children.(B) They should assist in their husbands' trade or business.(C) They should work only within their own homes.(D) They should be apprenticed.40. According to the passage, which products were made entirely by women?(A) Gunpowder and bullets(B) Cups and plates(C) Paper and books(D) Cloth and clothing41. The lists in lines 19-22 are intended to show which of the following?(A) The influences of the Puritans in the colonies(B) The limits of job opportunities in the colonies(C) The main industries of the colonial economy(D) The variety of work done by colonial, womenQuestions 42-50Beneath the deep oceans that cover two-thirds of the Earth are concealed some of the most tantalizing secrets of our planet. There the crust of the Earth is thinner and the unknown mantle--the layer beneath the crust--lies closest, tempting scientists to drill into it. The first such attempt, the ambitious Project Mohole, got under way during the 1960's and proved the value of deep-sea drilling by making several test holes in the mantle beneath the crust before spiraling costs led to its cancellation.Soon afterward, however, work began on the more modest Deep Sea Drilling Project, which is not aimed at reaching the mantle but at exploring the crust itself. This venture uses a special ship, the Glomar Challenger, which can be held precisely in position in the Sea--without any anchor--by sound-wave guiding systems and computer-controlled propellers. From this stable platform, scientists lowered drilling pipes into waters four miles deep to scoop up cores of ocean sediment and bedrock. Analysis of the fossil contents has indicated that the ocean floors spread, moving continents around the Earth.42. The passage mainly discusses(A) analysis of fossils in the ocean(B) exploration beneath the ocean bottom(C) the composition of the Earth's crust(D) the construction of the Glomar Challenger43. According to the passage, one of the objectives of Project Mohole was to(A) increase public support for underwater experimentation.(B) test the ocean bottom for unusual ocean sediment(C) estimate the age of the Earth's crust(D) study the Earth's mantle44. The word "spiraling" in line 6 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Rising(B) Necessary(C) Unpredictable(D) Circular45. It can be inferred from the passage that Project Mohole originally was intended to(A) involve deeper drilling than the Deep Sea Drilling Project(B) cost less than the Deep Sea Drilling Project(C) employ fewer scientists than the Deep Sea Drilling Project(D) yield more fossil discoveries than the Deep Sea Drilling Project46. The expression "more modest" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) more sophisticated(B) more timid(C) less ambitious(D) less controversial47. The word "precisely" in line 9 is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) Exactly(B) Clearly(C) Economically(D) Practically48. According to the passage, computers are used on the Glomar Challenger in order to(A) measure the spread of the ocean floors(B) lower its drilling pipes into the water(C) keep it in one place(D) detect the location of the Earth's mantle49. The phrase "stable platform" in line 11 refers to(A) the Glomar Challenger(B) a ship's anchor(C) sound-wave guiding systems(D) computer-controlled propellers50. For which of the following terms does the author supply a definition?(A) "mantle" (line 3)(B) "anchor' (line 10)(C) "sound-wave guiding systems" (line 10)(D) "bedrock" (line 12)。

toefl听力真题 (2)

TOEFL听力真题1. IntroductionTOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language)是一个衡量非母语英语人士英语水平的标准化考试，其听力部分考察考生对各种英语口语表达，包括对话、讲座、演讲等的理解能力。

以下将会给出一些TOEFL听力真题，以便大家更好地准备并熟悉考试内容。

2. Sample TOEFL Listening QuestionsQuestion 1: Short ConversationShort ConversationShort ConversationTranscript:Woman: Did you go to the party last night? Man: No, I had to finish my assignment for the math class.Woman: Oh, too bad. It was really fun.Question:Why couldn’t the man go to the party last night?Possible Answers:A. He had to study for his math class.B. He was not invited.C. He was not feeling well.D. He had to work.Question 2: LectureLectureLectureTranscript:Lecturer: Today, we will discuss the impact of climate change on wildlife. As you may know, climate change is causing changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, which can have profound effects on various species. For example, rising temperatures could cause the migration patterns of birds to shift, leading to disruptions in ecosystems. Additionally, changes in precipitation levels could result in the loss of habitats for certain species, threatening their survival.Question:According to the lecture, what is one possible effect of climate change on wildlife?Possible Answers:A. Shifting migration patterns of birds.B. Decreased levels of precipitation.C. Increased biodiversity.D. Loss of trees.3. Tips for TOEFL ListeningTip 1: Improve Your VocabularyHaving a strong vocabulary is essential for understanding the TOEFL listening passages. Make sure to review and learn new words regularly. Practice using them in context to solidify your understanding.Tip 2: Familiarize Yourself with Different AccentsThe TOEFL listening section features a variety of accents, including American, British, and Australian. It is important to expose yourself to different accents to improve your listening comprehension skills. Watch movies, TV shows, and listen to podcasts or audio books in English from different English-speaking countries.Tip 3: Practice Active ListeningActively listening means being fully engaged and focused on the audio. Take notes, underline keywords, and try to summarize the main ideas as you listen. This will help you retain information and answer questions more accurately.Tip 4: Simulate Test ConditionsWhen practicing for the TOEFL listening section, try to simulate test conditions as closely as possible. Use practice tests from reputable sources, time yourself, and listen to the audio passages without any interruptions. This will help youbuild your stamina and improve your performance on the actual exam.ConclusionPreparing for the TOEFL listening section can be challenging, but with regular practice and adequate preparation, you can improve your listening comprehension skills. Familiarize yourself with the types of questions that may appear on the test and follow the tips provided to enhance your performance. Good luck with your TOEFL preparation!。

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