中西文化比较与翻译赏析共33页文档

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谈中西文化差异与翻译

谈中西文化差异与翻译
直截了当与含蓄委婉:西方文化表达方式直截了当,不拐弯抹角;而中国文化则表达方式较为 含蓄委婉,强调言不尽意、点到为止。
语言习惯的差异
表达方式:中文表 达委婉含蓄,英文 表达直接明了
句子结构:中文句 子结构灵活多变, 英文句子结构相对 固定
词汇含义:某些词 汇在中文和英文中 具有不同的文化含 义和情感色彩
效果。
注意事项:在运 用增词和减词技 巧时,需要注意 保持原文的语义 和风格,避免过 度改写或扭曲原
文的含义。
文学作品中的文化差异与翻译
案例分析:红 楼梦的英译本 中,对贾宝玉、 林黛玉等人物 名称的翻译处

案例分析:唐 诗《静夜思》 中“床前明月 光”的英译版
本对比分析
案例分析:西 方文学作品中 对于中国文化 的引用与翻译
直译与意译
直译:保留原 文形式和语言
的翻译方式
意译:注重原 文意义的传达, 不拘泥于原文 形式的翻译方

优缺点:直译 能保留原作风 格,但有时可 能造成理解困 难;意译更易 于理解,但可 能失去原作特

适用范围:直 译适用于形式 和语言比较简 单的翻译,而 意译则更适用 于文学和具有 文化特色的文
适用场景:归化适用于翻译中需要强调原文意义和风格的场合,而异化适 用于需要保留原文文化和语言特色的场合。
优缺点:归化可以降低读者的理解难度,但可能会失去原文的文化特色; 异化可以保留原文的文化特色,但可能会增加读者的理解难度。
语义翻译与交际翻译
语义翻译:强 调忠实于原文 的词汇和句法 结构,力求将 原文的语义内 容和风格准确 地传达给读者
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翻译中的文化差 异处理
中西文化差异下 的翻译策略与技 巧

中西方文化差异汉译英

中西方文化差异汉译英

中西方文化差异(汉译英)(翻译要求:英文单词字数达到4000字)中西方文化差异摘要:随着经济全球化的不断发展,中西方国家之间的交流与合作越来越密切。

由于中西文化差异一直是制约中西方国家的人们进行交流的重要因素,对中西文化差异缺乏必要的了解,在交际过程中就会遇到一些交际障碍和误解。

分析和比较中西方在饮食、礼仪、语言方面的文化差异,了解和熟悉中西方文化内涵和特点,才能增强对他国文化的适应力,促进双方文化的融合汇通,从而实现跨文化交际。

关键词中西文化差异比较促进交流前言文化是人类社会特有的现象,是人们社会实践的产物。

文化又是一个非常广泛的概念,它包括一个国家或民族的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、思维特点和价值观念等。

中西方文化都有着悠久的民族传统,在漫长的社会发展和历史沉淀中也都创造了千秋各异的辉煌。

饮食、礼仪和语言是中西方国家的人们在日常交际中首先接触到的东西,它们犹如一面镜子,反映着一个民族的文化传统,揭示民族文化的内容。

不同的民族文化造就了中西方在饮食、礼仪和语言文化等方面的差异。

在当今跨国域、跨民族的经济、文化和社会交往与日俱增的时代,如何发扬中国民族传统文化,与西方文化进行合理有效的融合,已成为人们思考和探讨的话题。

因此,深入了解中西方文化差异的表现及找出其深层次的原因,避免文化冲突显得非常必要。

一、饮食文化的差异不同的民族和国家都有各自的饮食文化特色,具有浓郁的民族性和多样性的特点。

中西方烹调方式和饮食习惯受气候环境、生活习俗等因素的影响也存在不同程度的差异。

下面我们就从营养口味、烹调方式、餐饮习惯等方面来了解中西饮食文化的差异。

(一)营养口味的差异。

西方饮食是一种理性观念,烹调讲究营养而忽视味道。

他们生吃西红柿、青瓜、生菜,甚至是洋白菜、西兰花等蔬菜,认为蔬菜只有生吃才能保证它原有的营养和原有的味道,而生炒煎煮会破坏蔬菜的维生素。

他们食用半生不熟的牛排、猪排和炸鸡,以冷饮佐餐,翻来覆去总是那么几个花样,一道菜在不同的地区不同的季节面对不同的食者都是同一味道,因而厨师的工作就成为一种极其单调的机械性工作,有如自动化装配线上的一名工人,甚至可由一机器人来代行其职。

中西文化语言差异下的英美文学作品翻译与赏析

中西文化语言差异下的英美文学作品翻译与赏析

实践经验:通过实践积累经验,不断 提高翻译技巧和水平
跨文化交流中的翻译策略与技巧
理解原文:准确理解原文的意思和 情感
语言转换:将原文的语言转换为目 标语言的语言
文化差异:考虑中西文化差异,避 免文化误解
翻译技巧:运用翻译技巧,如直译、 意译、增译、减译等
语言风格:保持原文的语言风格和 特点
翻译质量:确保翻译的质量和准确 性
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中西文化语言差异下的英美文学作品 ,a click to unlimited possibilities 翻译与赏析
汇报人:
汇报时间:20XX/01/01
目录
01.
添加标题
02.
中西文化语言差 异概述
03.
英美文学作品翻 译技巧
04.
中西文化语言差 异下的英美文学 作品赏析
05.
翻译难点:如何 准确传达原文的 意思和风格,同 时兼顾中西方文 化的差异
赏析方法:从语 言、文化、历史 等多角度进行赏 析,以更好地理 解作品内涵
跨文化交流中的文学价值与意义
文化差异:中西方 文化在语言、历史、 社会等方面的差异
文学价值:文学作 品在跨文化交流中 的重要性和意义
翻译与赏析:如何 理解和欣赏英美文 学作品,以及翻译 过程中需要注意的 问题
跨文化翻译理论: 探讨中西文化语 言差异对翻译的 影响
翻译策略研究: 分析不同翻译策 略在英美文学作 品翻译中的应用
翻译批评研究: 对英美文学作品 翻译进行批评, 探讨翻译的优劣
翻译与文化传播 :研究翻译在文 化传播中的作用 ,探讨如何更好 地传播英美文化
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比喻:保留原意, 适当调整

中西文化差异比较(英文)

中西文化差异比较(英文)

The difference between chinese and western cultureWith the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows.First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but not snake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the opposite, some English-speaking contries, most of the people like to seat in two rows, two people face to face. They have their own plate.On the aspect of table manners, there are many differences between chinese and English-speaking people. For example, in some Englishi-speaking countries, Bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage glasses are to the right. Salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from the main plate than the main course knife, fork and spoon. When eating bread rolls, break off a piece before buttering. Use the knife only to butter the bread, not to cut it. They should not start eating before your host does or instructs to do so. At larger meals, it is considered okay to start eating once others have been served. When finished, place the knife and fork together at five o’clock with the fork on the left. It is considered rude to answer the telephone at the table. If need to take an urgent call, excuse self and go outside. Try to eat all the food you are served. But in China, the table manners are different. Chinese traditionally eat rice from a small bowl held in the left hand. The rice bowl is raised to the mouth and the rice pushed into the mouth using the chopsticks. Some Chinese find it offensive to scoop rice from the bowl using a spoon. If rice is served on a plate, as is more common in the West, it is acceptable and more practical to eat it with a fork or spoon. The thumb must always be above the edge of the bowl. The host should always make sure the guests drinks are sufficiently full. One should not pour for ones self, but should offer to pour for a neighbor. When your drink is being poured, you should say "thank you" and tap fingers on the table to show appreciation. When people wish to clink drinks together in the form of a cheer, it is important to observe that younger members should clink the edge of their drink below the edge of an elder to show respect.Secondly, the way of communication. Form birth to death, communication plays an integral part in our life. There are some language problems, including the different styles of using language such as direct, indirect; expansive, succinct; argumentative, conciliatory; instrumental, harmonnizing; and so on. These different styles can lead to wrong interpretations of intent and evaluation of insincerity, aggreeiveness, deviousness, or arrogance, among other. The misinterpretation nonverbal signs and symbols such as gestures, postures, and other body movements. It is a definite communication barrier. But it is possible to learn the meanings of these observable message,usually in informal rather ways. It is more difficult to understand the less obvious unspoken codes of the other cultures.Language, as the carrier of cul ture, is created during the process of human beings’ productive labor and serves as the tool of communication to convey the message between people. However, it has been endowed with magic and power in particular language acts. As the old saying goes, troubles come out of the tongue. Superstitious people think that the language itself can bring about fortune or misfortune so that taboos to restrict the use of language are created. Anyone who violates them will get punishment, whereas those who faithfully obey the restrictions of language taboo will get protection. Furthermore, linguistic taboos change with the development of society .The paper firstly analyzes the evolution of linguistic taboo. It is indicated in the paper that linguistic taboo exists in almo st every aspect of people’s life and is a universal social phenomenon in China and Britain. Both Chinese and English cultures are in agreement about linguistic taboos such as pronunciation taboo, and vocabulary taboo. However, influenced by different cultural backgrounds, ideologies and the concepts of value, Chinese and English linguistic taboos also have differences, as is discussed in the paper from the aspects of taboo subjects, taboo numbers and names. At last, this paper puts forward two effective ways of avoiding taboo, that is, using euphemism and having a good knowledge of the taboo culture. And this discussion would help English learners improve their ability of cross-cultural communication and achieve better communicational effects. For example, During the feudal times, people were not equal to the rulers and were suppressed by their superiors. The distinction between the upper and the lower classes was also reflected in the evaluation of the language used by them respectively. The words of upper class used were considered good and elegant while those used by the lower class were regarded as vulgar and indecent and should be avoided in the speech of ladies and gentlemen. In modern society, as a result of the development of science and technology, many natural phenomena are no longer mysterious. Human beings not only constantly improve their abilities to exploit the world where they are living through their great wisdom and knowledge, but also make efforts to explore the extraterrestrial world. Science has much more say in today’s society. Thereby, the superstitious elements in linguistic taboos decrease while those reflecting spiritual civilization increase.In short, by comparison, we can find that both Chinese and English communication reflect peopl e’s psychology for good will, for safety and fortune and pleasantness. The Chinese and English people restrict their words and deeds through taboos, trying to keep a harmonious relationship between human and nature, or between people and society. They are a reflection of people’s pursuit of freedom and equality.The most important, the different way of family structure, family values and family education. Family structure is the big difference between east and west, traditional chinese, amony many other Asians, repect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents` sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous burden in the English-speaking countries, where aging and family support are not honored highly. In some English-speaking countries are still extrmely family-oriented. They are dedicated to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an edcuation. In turn, the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who go away and leave the country for the economic reasons typically send large parts of their salary home to their parents and the rest of the family. Or in some Asia, any decisions or actions are done from family consideration, not individual desires. Peope`s behavior is judged on whether it brings shame or pride to the family. The children are trained to rely on their families, to honor elderly people, and to fear foreigners. And many of them think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life. The way of family edcation is also the different. We all know the family education is the elementary education for children. Many serious problems have appeared in our education system in recent years. Almost everyone has realized the importance of solving these problems and many people have presented a lot of valuable suggestions. There are many types of family education in the world and each of them shows distinctive features and is closely responsive to its culture. And American family education is the most famous one among them. There are great differences in the concepts of education, methods of education and results of education between East family education and West family education. In some English-speaking countries, parents’ aims are to train their children to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently. Based on this concept, most American parents emphasize more to train their children’s ability of independence once they are born. They generally believe that children’s growth must rely on their own experiences, because they think that children should form a self-supporting will and the capacity to live independently since their childhood. And the capacity comes from the training in the early age. The so-called training contains many aspects, such as work, temper will, patience, the spirit of hard work, etc. However, the most fundamental training is the ability of adapting to hard conditions. Through the process of work, children will form the labor sense, learn some work skills and form a habit of labor. Besides, children can learn how to overcome difficulties, temper their willpower, develop their talents and skills, rich their knowledge, and form a habit of hard work and thrifty by working in hard conditions. It is just in the unconsciously process that children will obtain the independent survivability and take the responsibilities for the society. Compared with someEnglish-speaking countries, Chinese parents have a very different concept of children’s education. Some parents inChina only care about whether the children have a promising future, a good job, a good life or not. Based on these expectations, the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future. Chinese parents would like to provide everything what they can for their children in the process of children’s growth. In short, they would like to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help. Therefore, in the process o f children’s growth, the most important thing the parents concerning is to developing their children’s intellect, except for caring children’s daily life. In order to make their children have a good performance in study, become outstanding, or even become a famous person in the future, they would not let children do anything except studying. As for the children’s independence, civic awareness and their ability adapting to the society in the future, they consider little or not at all. From these aspects we can find the obvious differences of family education betweenAmerica and China.When we faced with those difference between West and East, we should give some advice to solve these problems. According to the three big difference that pointed, we should find some way to deal with these problems.We can study other languages and learn to expect in nonvwebal forms and other cultural aspects. We can train ourselves to meet intercultural encounters with more attention to situation details. We can use an investigative approach rather than stereotypes and preconceptions. We can gradually expose ourselves to differences so that they become less threatening. We can even learn to lower our tension level when needed to advoid triggering defensive reactions. The overall goal should be to achieve intercultural communication competence.So the ideal solution to reduce the problems are to share knowledge with others in communication. This is why it is easiest to communicate with other members of the same group. This is why people so often gather together socially with others who are very much like them. Since intercultural communication is communication with members of different cultual groups, and therefore, because we do not share knowledge, assumptions, values, and forms of discourse with them, we must expect there to be problems of interpretation. We must look for these problems, anticipate where they will arise out of our differences, and then plan our aommunications to be as effective as possible. However, we have to remember that, most of the time, the different ways that are the customs of dfferent cultures are neither right nor wrong. It is simply that different people do the same tings in different manners, even though we can not understand ,we should show the respect. I believe this is the best way to make our life become more comfortable and make the world more harmonious.. ..。

从文化角度看中西方英语翻译的差异

从文化角度看中西方英语翻译的差异

AY30233 从文化角度看中西方英语翻译的差异摘要语言是文化的载体,是古代文明得以传承的基础,英汉两种语言拥有很久的历史,都有属于自己特有的文化内涵,可是由于两者地处不同的地方,经过漫长的独立发展后,会有很大的不同,因此在翻译过程中,要考虑很多文化因素,找到共同点,这样才能使两者的交流能够顺利进行。

关键词英汉互译文化特色习俗中西差异0引言现代社会的快速发展,中西两种文化的碰撞越来越强烈,由于英语和汉语的语言的差异,所以英语翻译对于我们来说很重要,在实际的交流中,双方处于不同的地理环境,宗教信仰和风俗习惯的不同,所以会造成在翻译过程当中,会出现偏差,下面就从文化角度分析中西方英语翻译差异的原因。

1认知角度由于每个民族有他们特定的历史文化背景,所以不同的民族对于客观存在的事物认识是不同的。

也就是认知角度不同,认知角度不同,一个词语代表的意思就大不相同,因此要注意。

就拿颜色来说,赤橙黄绿青蓝紫七种颜色,每个颜色对于不同民族来说,同一颜色的词语有着不同的理解和看法。

白色在中国代表着不详,人们只有在老人去世时戴上白色的孝布,以及在有人去世的家庭里过年时就得贴白色的对联,以表示对死者的哀悼。

而在西方国家,白色象征着天使和纯洁,他们结婚时新娘就穿着白色的婚纱。

再看红色,在中国,红色意味着喜庆,欢乐美满,在过年时,在家门口会大红灯笼高高挂,也会贴红色的春联,在一些喜庆的日子里,例如结婚和出嫁,人民会用红色来增添喜庆,在自己的本命年里,人们会穿红色的衣服,红色还有避邪的说法,再看西方,在他们看来,红色是暴力,血腥,一种厌恶这种颜色的认知。

然后就是蓝色,蓝色在英语国家是忧郁,代表心情不好,蓝天是说没有用的东西,而在中国,当人们说蓝天时,大家第一反应是碧水蓝天,阳光明媚,空气清新,代表的是快乐的积极的。

从上面举的几个例子可以看出,同一个代表颜色的词语,代表的意思是不同的甚至是相反的,因此翻译人员在翻译时,要特别注意这种差异,认知的不同是不可改变,体现是是文化的差异,在翻译时要特别留心。

中西文化比较与翻译赏析

中西文化比较与翻译赏析

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中西皆喜欢的数字9(但内涵有点不同)
中国人喜欢九,因为九是龙形的图腾化文字。 天有九层,九重天是天的最高处,往往由此演 化出“神圣”之意。皇帝穿“九龙袍”,最高皇 权为“九鼎”,北京城有九门,故宫有9999间房 子”… “九”和久谐音,预示天长地 久。
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中英皆喜欢的数字10 中国一切都希望“十全十 美“;喜欢以十为计量单 位。 但在英语文化里,ten象 征着苦尽甘来,只要经受 住十次考验,胜利就会到 来,故有ten strikes(伟大 的胜利),to the tens(打 扮得极为华丽)
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二百五译为:a stupid man 三只手:a pickpocket 丑八怪:A very ugly man 不管三七二十一: do sth at will regardless of the consequences 三长两短:unexpected misfortune 三番五次:again and again 不三不四:neither fish nor fowl
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数字“三”(中西皆崇拜)
在汉语里有吉祥、尊贵、稳定之意。天地人之分。 在历史的进程中,时间有昔、今、未之分; 空间有上、中、下之分;方位有左、中右和前、中后之分, 似乎有三者就能代表全部。 三在汉语中是数量多的起点。如三人行必有我师焉。
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“three”是英美人崇拜的数字
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英语中的six一词来源于拉丁语sex,而英语 中的sex则意为“性”,因此年轻人的婚礼, 也常选择在带“六”的日子。 但西方人不喜欢“六”,为什么? 如遇“666”则为不幸。因为三个连写的6 在《圣经》里是个可怕的“野兽数字”,是 魔鬼的代号。 根据《圣经》人是在第六天被上帝创造出 来的,还有许多缺点,所以我们要和上帝呆 在一起,才能洗尽身上罪恶。

中西文化差异在英语文学作品翻译的影响.docx

中西文化差异在英语文学作品翻译的影响不同地区的人民在其长期生活、实践的过程中,逐渐形成了独树一帜的民族语言体系,他们借助于不同的语词与语言组织习惯,传达了不同的审美信息及文化内涵。

特别是就中西方间的文化体系来看,往往在民族习惯、文化价值观等层面存在较大的差异。

如果在翻译过程中未能注意到这些因素,就会使得作品翻译的价值大大折扣。

对于任何一名翻译工作者来说,要想提升其作品的认同度,不仅要深入钻研文学作品的语言,同时还必须全面了解作品创作者所处的文化背景及民俗环境。

所以,探究英语文学作品翻译过程中的中西文化差异因子,对于我国翻译事业的发展,有着较高的现实价值与实践意义。

一、价值取向对英语文学作品翻译的影响价值观深刻影响着文学创作者的情感趋向与审美特质,所以也是文学作品中中西方文化差异的显著表现。

首先,西方价值观中十分看重个人的作用,认为个人是推动社会发展的核心力量,许多人都极其推崇个人主义价值观[1]。

所以在许多英文词汇中,都彰显了这一强调自我价值的民族心理特性,例如以“selfdependence”为代表的“self”系列词语。

但是中国人更加注重群体的价值,凡事都要讲求以个人利益服从集体利益,家庭也是中国人最为常见的集体组织形式,所以人们常会说“团结就是力量”、“人多力量大”等。

其次,中西方文化中对时间这一要素也有着不同的看法。

中国人普遍比较敬畏且崇尚历史,所以在看待问题的过程中,普遍采用过去时间取向。

如此一来,在中国的文化语境之下,“老”一般代表着权威、资历与经验。

例如,对他人表示尊敬时我们常说“老先生”、“老干部”,但在西方文化之中,代表“老”一词的英语“old”,却经常用于不屑和鄙夷的语气之中,展现了某一主体无竞争力的潜在危险。

所以当我们翻译“上了年纪”的时候,应当避免直接使用“old”一词,而是将其转化为“goldenage”、“ad-vancedage”等词,从而避免引起不必要的文化冲突。

浅谈中西文化差异与翻译

浅谈中西文化差异与翻译随着全球化的推进,中西方文化的交流与碰撞越来越频繁。

由于历史、文化和宗教等方面的差异,中西方文化存在很大的差异。

这种文化差异对翻译产生了很大的影响,因此,本文将探讨中西文化差异的表现、对翻译的影响以及翻译技巧与方法等方面。

中国和西方国家的历史、文化、宗教等方面存在很大的差异。

中国拥有五千年的文明史,儒家思想和佛教、道教文化对中国文化产生了深远的影响。

而西方国家则以基督教、伊斯兰教和犹太教等宗教为主,同时受到古希腊罗马文化、文艺复兴和启蒙运动等思潮的影响。

思维方式:中国文化注重直觉、感性和整体思维,而西方文化则强调逻辑、理性和分析思维。

这种思维方式的不同表现在翻译中,使得中文翻译成英文时,往往更加强调整体性和意群关系,而英文翻译成中文时,则更加注重句子的逻辑性和语法结构。

道德观念:中国文化强调群体和社会的利益,重视忠诚、孝道和家族观念,而西方文化则强调个人权利和自由,注重独立思考和自主决策。

这种道德观念的不同在翻译中可能会造成一些难点,比如在处理具有鲜明道德色彩的词汇时,需要充分考虑目标受众的价值观。

艺术风格:中国传统文化艺术风格独特,如国画、书法、剪纸等,而西方文化艺术则以写实和形式美为主。

这种艺术风格的不同使得中西方文学作品在表现形式和内涵上大相径庭,对翻译者来说,需要充分理解并尊重不同文化艺术风格,尽可能准确地传达原文的意境。

习俗习惯:中西方在生活习惯、节日庆典等方面也存在显著的差异。

例如,中国人过春节、清明节等传统节日时,讲究团圆和祭祖,而西方人则不过这些节日。

这些习俗习惯的不同在翻译中需要有所体现,并需要对目标受众的文化背景和习俗有所了解,以避免产生误解或冒犯。

文化差异对翻译的影响是显而易见的。

在翻译策略上,为了尽可能减少文化冲突和误解,翻译者需要采用一些技巧和方法,如增译、减译、改写等,以适应目标受众的文化背景和语言习惯。

在翻译方法上,直译和意译是两种最基本的翻译方法。

中西文化比较与翻译赏析

有8个人靠挪亚方舟逃生,8意味着幸运;
2020/5/10
• 中西皆喜欢的数字9(但内涵有点不同)
• • 中国人喜欢九,因为九是龙形的图腾化文字。 • 天有九层,九重天是天的最高处,往往由此演
化出“神圣”之意。皇帝穿“九龙袍”,最高皇 权为“九鼎”,北京城有九门,故宫有9999间房 子”… •
❖“九”和久谐音,预示天长地 久。
• 中国人:我们中国人非常喜欢数字8, 除了8也很喜欢9。 既然没有8和9,就 选7层吧!
希腊人毫不犹豫的说在4层睡觉,在古 希腊数字4是非常幸运。
韩国人发话了。“我们国家非常讨厌数 字4和13,4的发音就像是死,13是因为 在西方很不幸运的数字,所以我们还是 在7层睡觉吧。”
2020/5/10
• “ 7我们西方人很喜欢。根据圣经世界有 • 七天,耶稣也是原谅敌人有七次。所以 • 对我们来说7是很幸运的。我们很讨厌13, • 13是不幸的数字…” • 最后日本人说话了。“我们日本人读4 • 的时候就像是死的发音一样,所以4是不 • 幸的数字,但是我们日本人很喜欢7, • 所以我们在7层睡觉吧。”
• 俄罗斯人也崇尚7, 表示完整、美好。 • 印度人也喜欢7。 • 释迦牟尼面壁七天而修成正果。
• 安拉六天创造世界,第七天休息。
2020/5/10
• 中西喜欢数字“8”,但西方的8内涵更丰 富
• Eight在英美预兆吉祥有种种解说: • 一说早在古希腊,人们就认为8意味着丰硕、成就
和长寿; • 二说《圣经》中讲上帝惩罚人类的大洪水,只
• 古希腊人认为三是一个完美的数 • 字,它体现了“开始、中期和终了
”。 • • 基督教有三位一体: • the father, the son , the holy; • • 世界是有大地、海洋、天空;

《中西文化比较》课件


,如西方注重个人主义和自我实现,东方注重集体主义和家庭观念等。
02
文化创新
中西文化的交流可以激发出更多的创新思维和成果,如将西方现代设计
理念与东方传统工艺相结合,创造出更具特色的文化产品。
03
跨文化合作
中西文化的互补和创新可以为跨文化合作提供更多机会和可能性,推动
不同文化之间的合作与发展。
中西文化的全球视野与多元发展
多样性和发展。
中西文化的历史与发展
总结词
中西文化的历史变迁和未来趋势
中西文化的历史变迁
中国文化有着数千年的历史,经历了多个朝代的更迭和变革;西方 文化也有着悠久的历史,经历了文艺复兴、启蒙运动等重要时期。
中西文化的未来趋势
随着全球化的加速,中西文化将更加深入地交流与融合,同时保持各 自的特色和优势。
中西文化交流是全球化进程的重要组成部 分,有助于推动全球化的深入发展。
增进国际友谊
中西文化交流有助于增进国际友谊,促进 不同国家和地区之间的相互了解和合作。
推动人类文明进步
中西文化交流有助于推动人类文明的进步 ,促进人类社会的共同发展。
04
中西文化差异对跨文化交际的影响
语言交际的影响
语言结构
中西语言在语法、句法、词法等 方面存在显著差异,这些差异可
面部表情
面部表情在跨文化交际中 也有重要作用,某些表情 在不同文化中可能具有不 同含义。
空间与距离
不同文化对于个人空间和 人际距离的观念存在差异 ,这可能影响交际氛围和 效果。
Hale Waihona Puke 文化差异对商务活动的影响商务谈判风格
中西文化在商务谈判中表现出不同的风格,如西方文化倾向于直 接、明确,而中国文化可能更加委婉和含蓄。
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第五讲 数字的中西文化差异比较
一、数字与文化
二、数字短语赏析
三、数字翻译技巧
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❖主要作用:表示事物的数量或顺序; ❖ 广泛应用于成语、词组之中作为夸张或比喻的
修辞手段使语言生动简练,趣意盎然。 ❖ 一心一意!
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❖ 小故事:一天在一个有名的观光地的酒 店里,只剩下了4层和7层一间客房。
似乎有三者就能代表全部。 ❖ 三在汉语中是数量多的起点。如三人行必有我师焉。
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“three”是英美人崇拜的数字
பைடு நூலகம்
❖ 古希腊人认为三是一个完美的数 ❖ 字,它体现了“开始、中期和终
了”。
❖ ❖ 基督教有三位一体: ❖ the father, the son , the holy; ❖ ❖ 世界是有大地、海洋、天空;
❖ Eight在英美预兆吉祥有种种解说: ❖ 一说早在古希腊,人们就认为8意味着丰硕、成就
和长寿; ❖ 二说《圣经》中讲上帝惩罚人类的大洪水,只
有8个人靠挪亚方舟逃生,8意味着幸运;
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❖ 中西皆喜欢的数字9(但内涵有点不同)
❖ ❖ 中国人喜欢九,因为九是龙形的图腾化文字。 ❖ 天有九层,九重天是天的最高处,往往由此演
❖ lucky ❖ Number?
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二、数字与文化内涵对比
数字”一” ❖ (中西皆喜欢)
❖ “一”在中国文化中 是始,也是全。“一” 是中国道教教义的重 要概念,《老子》云: “道生一,一生二, 二生三,三生万物” 。 “一”代表原始自然状 态,天地之始起于 “一”

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英美文化的人不喜欢two, 因为英语中的two是不太吉 利的数字,它源于dice (骰子)的复数die,而die, 又有“死”的含义。
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❖数字小常识:

❖ 日本人送礼时,送 成双成对的礼物, 如一对笔、两瓶酒 很受欢迎,但送新 婚夫妇红包时,忌 讳送2万日元和2的 倍数,日本民间认 为“2”这个数字容 易导致夫妻感情破 裂,一般送3万、5 万或7万日元。
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❖ 结论:数字文化现象

❖ 由于受不同民族文化心理、 ❖ 宗教信仰、语言崇拜和审美观 ❖ 念等文化差异的影响,数字被 ❖ 赋予各种神秘褒贬吉凶等象征 ❖ 意义,具有深厚的民族、历史 ❖ 、地方色彩特殊内涵,承载着 ❖ 许多文化信息。
❖ 又说源于拉丁语“dou”, 即二的意思。当你第二次 考虑一件事情的时候,你 已经对这件事产生了“怀 疑”,因此有了英语单词 “doubt”之词。
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❖ 数字“三”(中西皆崇拜) ❖
❖ 在汉语里有吉祥、尊贵、稳定之意。天地人之分。 ❖ 在历史的进程中,时间有昔、今、未之分; ❖ 空间有上、中、下之分;方位有左、中右和前、中后之分,
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❖ 为什么中国人不喜欢单数,却把有的节日 定为单数?
❖ 正月初一春节, ❖ 清明节(三月三) ❖ 端午节(五月五) ❖ 七夕节(七月七) ❖ 重阳节(九月九)
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二、数字翻译注意几个问题 ❖ 翻译既是语言之间的转换,更是文化之
❖ 大自然包括动物、植物、矿物。
❖ ❖
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❖ 数字“五” (中国喜欢,西方的内涵不 同)
❖ 中国的“中”, “中央”的概念都源于这种方位概念”
东南西北中“; ❖ 北京奥运会吉祥物选择五个福娃,既是为了可与奥运会
五环相呼应,又符合中国人口众多、历史悠久、文化丰富 的国情,与此同时,诸如五福临门、五湖四海等等。
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❖ 数字’七” (中西都是神秘数字)
❖ 在中国: ❖ 人有“七情”; ❖ 面有“七窍”; ❖ 乐有“七音”, ❖ 颜有“七色”。 ❖ 但“七”也与死亡有关,给人
送礼时忌讳七件, 先人死了, 后人要为其“做七”。
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❖ in the seventh heven表示非常快乐。 ❖ 据说第七重天是由不可言传的圣光构成,
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❖❖ 英语中的six一词来源于拉丁语sex,而英语 中的sex则意为“性”,因此年轻人的婚礼, 也常选择在带“六”的日子。
❖ 但西方人不喜欢“六”,为什么? ❖ 如遇“666”则为不幸。因为三个连写的6
在《圣经》里是个可怕的“野兽数字”,是 魔鬼的代号。 ❖ 根据《圣经》人是在第六天被上帝创造出 来的,还有许多缺点,所以我们要和上帝呆 在一起,才能洗尽身上罪恶。
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❖ 数字六 (中国人喜欢,但西方人不喜欢) ❖ 中国文化: 象征吉祥如意、幸福、安康。 ❖自先秦以来就有崇尚“六”的传统观念: ❖ 许多事物都用“六”来概括,军队为“六
军”; 皇后的寝宫称“ 六宫 ”; ❖古代把亲属关系归纳为“ ”; ❖ 妇女怀孕为“ ”; ❖ 民间有“六六大顺”的吉语……
是上帝和最高天使的居所,是极乐世界。 ❖ 美国波音飞机公司对7也十分青睐,将其
客机全部冠以7,如737、747、767等。
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❖俄罗斯人也崇尚7, 表示完整、美好。 ❖ 印度人也喜欢7。 ❖ 释迦牟尼面壁七天而修成正果。
❖ 安拉六天创造世界,第七天休息。
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❖ 中西喜欢数字“8”,但西方的8内涵更丰 富
❖ 中国人:我们中国人非常喜欢数字8, 除了8也很喜欢9。 既然没有8和9,就 选7层吧!
希腊人毫不犹豫的说在4层睡觉,在古 希腊数字4是非常幸运。
韩国人发话了。“我们国家非常讨厌数 字4和13,4的发音就像是死,13是因为 在西方很不幸运的数字,所以我们还是 在7层睡觉吧。”
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❖ “ 7我们西方人很喜欢。根据圣经世界有 ❖ 七天,耶稣也是原谅敌人有七次。所以 ❖ 对我们来说7是很幸运的。我们很讨厌13, ❖ 13是不幸的数字…” ❖ 最后日本人说话了。“我们日本人读4 ❖ 的时候就像是死的发音一样,所以4是不 ❖ 幸的数字,但是我们日本人很喜欢7, ❖ 所以我们在7层睡觉吧。”
化出“神圣”之意。皇帝穿“九龙袍”,最高皇 权为“九鼎”,北京城有九门,故宫有9999间房 子”… ❖
❖“九”和久谐音,预示天长地 久。
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❖ 中英皆喜欢的数字10
❖ 中国一切都希望“十全十 美“;喜欢以十为计量单 位。
❖ 但在英语文化里,ten象 征着苦尽甘来,只要经受 住十次考验,胜利就会到 来,故有ten strikes(伟大 的胜利),to the tens(打 扮得极为华丽)
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