商务英语阅读(第二版)王艳主编Chapter_1ppt
The goal of business strategy is to allow the firm to achieve its goals in an unpredictable environment. Trade agreements reduce uncertainty and enhance predictability of the laws governments impose on foreign firms. The reduction of barriers to international business expand the firm’s strategic options.
encapsulate (para.1) linchpin (para.1) ire (para.2) bust (para.2) pact (para.4) offshore (para.4) pertain (para.5)
vexing
(para.6) emblematic (para.7) invoke (para.7) time-out (para.7) redeploy (para.13) tumble (para.15)
trade
deficit (para.3)贸易赤字 wage differentials (para.6)工资差别 free-trade agreement (para.6)自由 贸易协定 regression analysis（para.9）回归分 析 trade surplus (para.11)贸易盈余 labor productivity (para.15)劳动力生 产率
aggregate
(para.16) spurt (para.18) peripheral (para.18) respite (para.18) homogeneous (para.20) mute (para.20)
outlay
(para.32) leverage (para.33) moribund (para.36) retaliatory (para.40)
According to the text, what revitalized trade policy may lead to a stronger U.S. economy? Why is freer trade rather than protectionism a better option for world economic growth?
Today’s
trade deficit is not a technology problem. Technology may become a problem in the future. Policymakers must work with the private sector to identify and reduce barriers to U.S. exports.
GATT, WTO, EU and NAFTA
Increasing flows of trade and investment are integrating the global economy. Trade and investment agreements are creating a global legal system. Governments seek to capture trade and investment flows and the economic benefits of participating in globalization by becoming members of trade agreements.
Government and Trade
U. S . ex po r ts o f manufac tu re d g o od s reached $952 billion in 2009 and grew strongly in 2010. The goal of increasing exports substantially is feasible, given favorable economic conditions and policies. It may even be possible to bring some offshored production back to the United States, a possibility some manufacturers have been exploring, in order to remediate cost, quality and delivery problems. But policymakers must recognize that:
factors
of production (para.20)生
产要素 ratio of export (para.23)出口比例 anti-dumping (para.35)反倾销 market access (para.38)市场准入 supply chain network (para.40)供 应链网
sluggish
economy _____________ trade deficit ____________ industrialized countries __________ international specialization_________ trade surplus ____________
The
policy debate must focus on the right issue, and not be drawn down blind alleys. Companies should focus on innovation and cost reduction and avoid dragging policymakers and themselves along time-wasting tangents.
经济双赢
Give the English equivalents to the following Chinese terms.
_____________ 劳动生产率 _____________ 生产要素 _____________ 回归分析 _____________ 世界经济复苏 _____________
Scan Text A and get some main ideas about the following questions.
What does this text tell us about? What are the popular theories about the impact of U.S. trade policy with developing countries? Are they valid? Why (not)?
Sourcing and manufacturing of goods Pricing strategies & anti-dumping duties Technology transfer & intellectual property Market entry strategies ◦ foreign investment restrictions ◦ trade barriers ◦ personnel transfer
Answer the following questions according to the text. Based on what you have read from the article, do you think growth in emerging economies will be good for the United States? How to understand that trade with developing countries has been assigned a villainous role that far exceeds its actual impact on America’s economic difficulties? What would be your suggestions to further improve the US-China economic relations?
关税壁垒
这一监控体系最终将取代美国政府对古巴雪 茄进口的上限。 墨西哥和美国之间的争执不会有任何作用， 并可能导致北美自由贸易协定中关税解除的 中断。 在召开部长级会议之前，将举行一次经济合 作商业论坛，重点探讨如何减小全球经济失 衡的纠正对中国的冲击。 只有少数美国人将此问题归咎于这些明显的 因素，即美元贬值或经济周期。
Scan the text again and write down the key terms related to the topic.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Sum up the main ideas of the text by referring to the key phrases and exchange ideas in groups.
Give the Chinese equivalents to the following English terms.
Give the Chinese equivalents to the following English terms.
full
employment _____________ in-depth analysis _____________ free-trade agreement ___________ product differentiation________ determinative factor ____________
教学课件 商务英语阅读(第2册)
Lead-in Discussion
2. Do you have an experience that you have a business idea and want to turn it into a business?
Lead-in Discussion
3. Which kind of business idea do you like? Why?
Structural Analysis
Para. Main Topics
Para. 1 Business ideas are all around you.
Para. 2- Some ways to help you get
20
business ideas
Para. 21- Get ready to transform your
Part I Words and Expressions
viable (Para. 4)
adj. being capable of doing what it is intended
to do 可行的(CET-6, TEM-8)
Cash alone will not make Eastern Europe’s banks viable. 单靠现金不可能使东欧的银行维持下去。
Part II Words and ssions
process (Para. 10)
n. a series of actions which are carried out in
order to achieve a particular result 过程(CET-4, TEM-4)
There was total agreement to start the peace process as soon as possible. 全体同意尽快启动和平进程 。
商务英语口译王艳答案
商务英语口译王艳答案商务英语口译王艳答案【篇一：商务英语阅读第二版(王艳主编)chapter1-4 课后答案详解】汉chapter1sluggish economy萧条的经济full employment 充分就业trade deficit 贸易赤字in-depth analysis深入的分析industrialized countries 工业化国家free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定international specialization 国际专业化 product differentiation 产品差别trade surplus 贸易盈余determinative factor决定性因素 chapter2consumer-goods消费品 discount retailers折扣零售商brand equity品牌资产价值advertising budget 广告预算real-time sales data 实时销售数据sales promotion 促销 profit margin盈利scanner data 扫描数据 chapter3 privileged minority 享有特权的少数人gas station 加油站marketing research 市场调查professional petence 专业技能a sales point 卖点product design 产品设计potential consumer 潜在顾客business disaster 商业灾难 chapter4mobility of people 人口流动supplier works 供应商网络standardized items 标准零配件specialist manufacturing technology 特殊制造技术 plementary economies 互补经济体anti-japanese sentiment 反日情绪foreign affiliates外方合伙人，外国附属公司go public 上市二、汉翻英 chapter1经济双赢economic win-win关税壁垒tariff barrier收入不平等 wage inequality劳动生产率labor productivity 解雇工人lay off works 生产要素factor of production双边协议bilateral deal 回归分析regression analysis 市场准入market access 世界经济复苏world economic recovery chapter2价格溢价price premium 基线销售base-line sales减价price reductions广告支出advertising spending 营销组合marketing mix 销量溢价quantity premium产品数量（种类）product-line variety美元分配allocation of dollarschapter3日常生活 daily life广告活动advertising caigns物理特征physical characteristic 视觉想象visual imagination 国内媒体national media 销售增长sales increase销售渠道distribution system 产品到导向型的广告product-orientated advertising chapter4企业并购mergersand acquisition 海外扩张overseas expansion全球化战略globalization strategy保护主义措施protectionist measures 市场准入access of market知识产权intellectual property right 贸易伙伴trading partners三、完形填空 chapter 17.revival 8.emerging chapter 21.blame2.damaged 6.arm 7.boosts chapter 31.sincere2.privileged 6.resort7.instead chapter 41.ambivalent2.integration 6.shortage 7.options 11.craft资本投入capital investment3.deficit4.budget5.expanding6.recovery9.innovation10.property 3.short-term 4.building5.profiability 8.orientation 9.moreover10.lowering 3.led4.constitutes5.intellectual 8.reduce 9.clients10.divert3.hindered4.from5.by 8.acquisitions9.strategy10.alliance【篇二：商务英语口译教学大纲】文摘:商务英语口译王艳答案)程教学大纲一、课程基本信息1.课程名称：商务英语口译课程英文名称：business english interpretation 2．授课专业：外语系3.学时/学分：34学时/2学分4.开课学期：第七学期5.面向对象：本科大四学生二、课程性质与任务课程性质：专业选修课程。
教学课件 商务英语阅读(第二版)王艳
Phrase Translation
Give the English equivalents to the following Chinese terms.
• 经济双赢 _____________ • 收入不平等 ___________ • 解雇工人 _____________ • 双边协议 _____________ • 市场准入 _____________
Phrase Translation
Give the English equivalents to the following Chinese terms.
• 关税壁垒 _____________ • 劳动生产率 _____________ • 生产要素 _____________ • 回归分析 _____________ • 世界经济复苏 _____________
Phrase Translation
Give the Chinese equivalents to the following English terms.
• full employment _____________ • in-depth analysis _____________ • free-trade agreement ___________ • product differentiation________ • determinative factor ____________
Sentence Translation
这一监控体系最终将取代美国政府对古巴雪 茄进口的上限。
墨西哥和美国之间的争执不会有任何作用， 并可能导致北美自由贸易协定中关税解除的 中断。
在召开部长级会议之前，将举行一次经济合 作商业论坛，重点探讨如何减小全球经济失 衡的纠正对中国的冲击。
人民大2023商务英语阅读(第1册)(第二版)课件Unit 2 Successful Busines
Words and Expressions
falter v. to be unsure or weak; walk unsteadily 颤抖， 蹒跚，摇晃
America’s advantages due to these firms could falter if their ability to innovate stalls.
conglomerate n. a large business firm consisting of several different companies 联合大企业
The big luxury conglomerates enjoy the advantage of scale.
Words and Expressions
Words and Expressions
perspective n. a way of regarding situations or topics etc. 观点，看法 (CET-4; TEM-4)
The authors maintain this perspective throughout the book.
The Leadership Wisdom of Warren Buffett
Warming up
1. Who are successful business people in your viewpoint? Please give some examples.
2. What are the good qualities of a successful businessperson?
Learning Objectives
1
Explore the good qualities of a successful businessperson.
商务英语阅读第二版 How China Works )
Chapter 1 A How China Works Class_______ No._____ Name_________ Score ______I. Write down English phrases and expressions according to the given Chinese.（每小题4分，本小题共20分）1)削减房贷2)大幅提升盈利能力3)资金密集型行业4)支撑经济增长5)进行民意测验6)遭遇信贷危机II. Translate the first sentence into English and the second sentence into Chinese, using the phrases provided as the clue. （每句6分，本小题共12分）1)让农民变成(turn…into…)拥有土地的消费者可以长时期(go a long way toward…)大大推进创造一个消费型的社会，让中国减少对出口的依赖，让世界经济重获平衡(rebalancing…)。
2)While the yuan did fall a bit in recent months, most economists believe Beijing willcontinue to allow a modest appreciation, weighing its need for export competitiveness against the world’s need for more balanced trade flows.III. Read the following passages and finish the exercises followed. (1-4每空1.5分；5-16每空1分；本小题共18分)答案1___2____3____4___ 5___6___7___8___ 9___ 10___11___12___ 13___14___15___16___Passage ALatin America’s second-largest economy has emerged as a powerful exporter••••••The shift in production at Siemens(from China to Mexico) is part of a little publicised manufacturing revolution in Mexico taking place across a range of industries from cars and aircraft to refrigerators and computers. For the first time in a decade, Latin America’s second-largest economy has become a credible competitor to China.During the first half of this year, Mexico accounted for 14.2 per cent of manufactured imports into the US, the world’s largest importer. In 2005, Mexico’s share was just 11 per cent. Surprisingly, China, which gained huge chunks of the US import market for many years, has started to lose ground. From a high of 29.3 per cent of the total at the end of 2009, it has now shrunk to 26.4 per cent.While winning a bigger slice of the US market, Mexico has diversified its customers. A decade ago, about 90 per cent of the country’s exports went to the US. Last year, that figure fell to less than 80 per cent. Suddenly, it seems, Mexico has become the preferred centre of manufacturing for multinational companies looking to supply the Americas and, increasingly, beyond. Today, Mexico exports more manufactured products than the rest of LatinAmerica put together.The result of this turnround can often seem counter-intuitive. Chrysler, for example, is using Mexico as a base to supply some of its Fiat 500s to the Chinese market. During last year’s inauguration of the US company’s $500m investment in Mexico, Felipe Calderón, the country’s president, told the nation: “I think it is the first time that a Mexican vehicle, at least in recent times, is to be exported to China ... we always thought it was going to be the other way around.”••••••Mexico’s new-found competitiveness has become so clear that Marco Oviedo of Barclays co ncludes: “After lagging Chinese manufacturing exports for a decade, Mexico has taken the lead post-2008-09. We believe this change is likely to be structural and persistent.”Go back to the beginning of the century and none of this seemed possible. Back then, as China burst on to the global stage following its accession to the World Trade Organisation in 2001, Mexico seemed to be in serious trouble.For much of the rest of Latin America, China was a voracious customer of agricultural and mineral commodities. By contrast, Mexico saw China as an unstoppable competitor that produced exactly the same sorts of cheap manufactured goods at a tiny fraction of the cost.Against that backdrop, it is hardly surprising that Mexico was the last WTO member to vote for Chi na’s accession –a vote that it gave only after a long and bitter negotiation.But several important shifts have taken place since then that have improved Mexico’s comparative advantages, giving it a new and dynamic role as a global manufacturer. The first is that Mexico has embraced trade and openness like few other countries in the world.Its free trade agreements with 44 countries – more than twice as many as China and four times more than Brazil –have given companies based in Mexico the ability to source parts and inputs from a wide range of nations, often without paying duty.Partly as a result, the sum of Mexico’s imports and exports as a percentage of its gross domestic product, a strong indicator of openness, rose to 58.6 per cent in 2010. In the case of China, it was 47.9 per cent, and just 18.5 per cent in the case of Brazil. HSBC in Mexico City estimated recently that the figure for Mexico could increase to as much as 69 per cent this year.There is also an increased confidence inspired by agreements, particularly the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement, which binds Mexico with the US and Canada. “Nafta creates a rule of law, which is not perceived to be a particularly Mexican concept ... it forces you to do what is right, and to do it for eve r, ” says Luis de la Calle, an economist and trade expert who helped negotiate Nafta for Mexico.As if to prove the point, Mr de la Calle devised an unorthodox index based on how many alphabetical letters appear about a given country in the US Trade Repres entative’s annual report on barriers to US exports and investment, divided by US exports to that same country. Last year, from a list of 22 countries, Mexico beat Canada to the top place of best-behaved countries. Pakistan was the worst offender and China was 10th worst.. . .Of course, Mexico is not without its problems. While the country is making strides in its attempts to diversify, it is stillheavily beholden to the ups and downs in the US.But perhaps the most alarming concern of foreign investors and the general population alike is the deterioration in security.The murder rate has almost tripled to about 22 per 100,000 inhabitants from just over eight when Mr Calderón declared an all-out offensive against the country’s drug cartels at the end of 2006. The war, which has claimed at least 55,000 lives over the past six years, has dominated headlines about Mexico as the press reports on a seemingly endless flow of horror stories involving beheadings, kidnappings and massacres.This year, it also prompted the US state department to issue a travel advisory telling US citizens to put off “non-essential travel” to many areas of Mexico, and warning that nearly half of the country’s 31 states are so dangerous that travellers should avoid them if possible.So far, the violence has had little impact on multinationals, which generally operate in safe industrial parks around the country. But there are no guarantees that organised crime will not start to try to extort large foreign companies in the future – and in the same way it has been doing with smaller, domestic companies.Until that happens, foreign companies continue to eye Mexico – in part because China has not turned out to be quite the manufacturing nirvana that it once appeared. While executives long complained of Chinese red tape and the threat to intellectual property there, they were willing to balance those risks against cheap labour and transport.But rising wages and higher fuel prices have made it increasingly expensive to export from China to the US market. This is all to Mexico’s advantage. In 2009, Mexico overtook South Korea and China to became the world’s leading producer of flatscreen television sets. The bulkier the item, the more Mexico makes sense. According to Global Trade Atlas, the country is also the leading manufacturer of two-door refrigerators.Thanks to a 2,000-mile border with the US, and extensive rail and road links, it is not only cheap but fast and easy to ship goods north. Shipments from China to the US typically take between 20 days and two months. From Mexico, they take a week at most and usually just two days.For many industries operating in today’s cost-conscious environment, “Made in Mexico” is becoming a serious consideration in their attempts to shorten supply chains, which potentially allows them to cut costs because quicker delivery times mean that they can minimise the amount of money invested in inventories. As Bruno Ferrari, Mexico’s economy minister, told the Financial Times recently: “The proximity that Mexico offer s industry allows companies to reduce their financing costs.”Rising labour costs in China have presented Mexico with an additional opportunity. According to HSBC, Mexican wages were 391 per cent higher than those of China a decade ago. Today, they are just 29 per cent more. Experts predict that Chinese wages will even overtake those of Mexico within five years.Mr de la Calle argues that demographics are behind this. While China is experiencing a squeeze in its working-age population.By contrast, more tha n half Mexico’s 112m population is under 29, so there will be an abundance of cheap labour until at least 2028. “Right now, you have to look at Mexico and conclude that it has the best demographics in the world,” says Mr de la Calle.At the same time, Mexi co’s plentiful working population is becoming more skilled. According to Unesco, the number of engineers, architects and others in disciplines related to manufacturing graduating from Mexican universities hasrisen from almost 0.4 per 1,000 people in 1999 to more than 0.8 today. To set that in a regional context, the number for the US over the same period has remained roughly flat at 0.6 per 1,000.Skilled workers are providing an increasingly attractive environment for high-tech companies – Mexico has in recent years become a world leader in the production of computers and mobile telephones – as well as for car companies, almost all of which are now using Mexican engineers to design parts.. . .Questions 1)-4) are based on the above passage.1). Do you know who is the largest economy in Latin America?A. USAB. MexicoC. ArgentinaD. Brazil2). What was true at the beginning of the century?A. Mexico joined the WTO in 2001.B. China joined the WTO in 2001.C. China's labour cost was higher than Mexico back then.D. Some things happened then impaired Mexico’s comparative advantages.3). Which of the following is not a consequence of Mexico's "embracing trade and openness like few other countries in the world"?A. Free trade agreements reduced costs for companies to do business.B. Mexico's international-trade-to-GDP ratio has risen sharply.C. Openness to the world creates a rule of law.D. Red tape and threat to intellectual property emerged.4). Which of the following is Mexico's advantage over China?A. public security situationB. highly dependent on USC. higher rate of working-age populationD. all of abovePassage BVladimir Putin was on course last night to win the expected first-round v ictory in Russia’s presidential election. But this is not business as usual. The middle-class protests of recent weeks show that politics, after a 12-year slumber, have reawoken. Just months ago, it was assumed Mr Putin could be back for two more presidential terms. Instead, yesterday’s poll marks the beginning of what is in all probability his final six-year term; the beginning of the end of the Putin era.Two big questions remain. One is whether Mr Putin will even complete the full six years of the coming term. The second is whether the Putin “system”, even if in modified form, will survive under a new leader from within the ruling group, or whether it will sooner or later give way to something new – in an orderly or disorderly way.What is clear is that M r Putin’s popularity is in decline. Pre-election polls suggested he now enjoys less than 50 per cent support in Moscow and St Petersburg, Russia’s political capitals. His base remains stronger in rustbelt cities and the countryside. But even there, focus group research and anecdotal evidence suggest creeping disillusionment.The discontent is not, primarily, economic. Russians live far better today than when Mr Putin became president 12 years ago, thanks to soaring oil prices. Working-class Russians are often more reliant on the state for jobs and benefits, and so less ready to go on to the streets. But they share many middle-class concerns: rampant corruption, official cronyism, lack of representation and legal protections. The surge in living standards that once anaesthetised them against these downsides of Putinism has slowed. And barring further, unlikely, oil price rises, Russia’s growth outlook is today less rosy.A decline in Mr Putin’s popularity has important implications. Broad support from ordinary Russians has been thefoundation of his authority. It enabled him to consolidate the elites – oligarchs, security services, senior bureaucrats – who run Russia in the absence of real democratic institutions. If his support wanes further, the elites could fracture and start promoting alternative candidates, with unpredictable consequences.One potential way to resuscitate Mr Putin’s popularity would be to tackle Russians’ concerns over corruption and rule of law head-on, and to conduct economic reforms to stimulate investment and growth. Those things are challenging. But Russia has detailed liberalising plans drawn up, and resources to cushion the social impact. It has six years in which it could start modernising what is now a middle-income country, and prepare it for genuinely free presidential elections in 2018. It could be done.More likely, sadly, the regime will attempt to buy popularity with a spending spree that, with Russia’s budget already requiring oil at $120 a barrel to break even, could threaten its hard-won fiscal stability. Real reform threatens vested interests around Mr Putin. We can only hope the returning president is sincere, at least, in claiming the Kremlin does not plan a post-election crackdown on opposition.In response, the west must tread a fine line. It should continue to entice Russia to be a responsible member of the international community, drawing it into institutions such as the World Trade Organisation. But it should not hesitate to target officials involved in abuses such as the death of the lawyer Sergei Magnitsky. It should engage with the liberal opposition, but avoid heavy-handed “democracy promotion” that would fuel Mr Putin’s unfounded claims that protests against him are a western plot. Without interfering, it should do everything possible to help ensure the Putin era ends not in disorder, but with a calm transition to a more democratic, rules-based future.Questions 5)-8) are based on the above passage.5) According to the author, Russians are discontent with Mr. Putin for all BUTA. Living StandardsB. CorruptionC. CronyismD. Lack of representation and legal protections6) According to the passage, to regain his popularity, Mr. Putin should do all EXCEPTA. Penalize corruptionB. Suppress protesting activitiesC. Stimulate investmentD. Improve the rule of law system7) According to the author, between Russia and the west, which of the following descriptions is correct?A. Russia was not considered to be a responsible member of international affairs.B. Russia was not a member of the World Trade Organisation yet.C. The west once irritated Mr Putin with its heavy-handed “democracy promotion” .D. All of the above8) According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Mr Putin will probably end his presidential term in only six years.B. Mr. Putin's popularity in central cities has declined.C. Broad support from ordinary Russians has limited importance for Putin's governance.D. Mr. Putin has considered several protests against him were plotted by the western world.Passage CThe more unequal a society, the greater the incentive for the rich to pull up the ladder behind themWhen the world’s richest countries were booming, few people worried over much that the top 1 per cent were enjoying an ever-growing share of that prosperity. In the wake of a depression in the US, a fiscal chasm in the UK and an existential crisis in the eurozone –and the shaming of the world’s bankers – worrying about inequality is no longer the preserve of the far left.There should be no doubt about the facts: the income share of the top 1 per cent has roughly doubled in the US since the early 1970s, and is now about 20 per cent. Much the same trend can be seen in Australia, Canada and theUK – although in each case the income share of the top 1 per cent is smaller. In France, Germany and Japan there seems to be no such trend. (The source is the World Top Incomes Database, summarised in the opening paper of a superb symposiu m in this summer’s Journal of Economic Perspectives.)But should we care? There are two reasons we might: process and outcome. We might worry that the gains of the rich are ill-gotten: the result of the old-boy network, or fraud, or exploiting the largesse of the taxpayer. Or we might worry that the results are noxious: misery and envy, or ill-health, or dysfunctional democracy, or slow growth as the rich sit on their cash, or excessive debt and thus financial instability.Following the crisis, it might be unfashionable to suggest that the rich actually earned their money. But knee-jerk banker-bashers should take a look at research by Steven Kaplan and Joshua Rauh, again in the JEP symposium. They simply compare the fate of the top earners across different lines of business. Worried that chief executives are filling their boots thanks to the weak governance of publicly listed companies? So am I, but partners in law firms are also doing very nicely, as are the bosses of privately owned companies, as are the managers of hedge funds, as are top sports stars. Governance arrangements in each case are different.Perhaps, then, some broad social norm has shifted, allowing higher pay across the board? If so, we would expect publicly scrutinised salaries to be catching up with those who have more privacy –for instance, managers of privately held corporations. The reverse is the case.The uncomfortable truth is that market forces – that is, the result of freely agreed contracts – are probably behind much of the rise in inequality. Globalisation and technological change favour the highly skilled. In the middle of the income distribution, a strong pair of arms, a willingness to work hard and a bit of common sense used to provide a comfortable income. No longer. Meanwhile at the very top, winner-take-all markets are emerging, where the best or luckiest entrepreneurs, fund managers, authors or athletes hoover up most of the gains. The idea that the fat cats simply stole everyone else’s cream is emotionally powerful; it is not entirely convincing.In a well-functioning market, people only earn high incomes if they create enough economic value to justify those incomes. But even if we could be convinced that this was true, we do not have to let the matter drop.This is partly because the sums involved are immense. Between 1993 and 2011, in the US, average incomes grew a modest 13.1 per cent in total. But the average income of the poorest 99 per cent – that is everyone up to families making about $370,000 a year – grew just 5.8 per cent. That gap is a measure of just how much the top 1 per cent are making. The stakes are high.I set out two reasons why we might care about inequality: an unfair process or a harmful outcome. But what really should concern us is that the two reasons are not actually distinct after all. The harmful outcome and the unfair process feed each other. The more unequal a society becomes, the greater the incentive for the rich to pull up the ladder behind them.At the very top of the scale, plutocrats can shape the conversation by buying up newspapers and television channels or funding political campaigns. The merely prosperous scramble desperately to get their children into the right neighbourhood, nursery, school, university and internship –we know how big the gap has grown between winners and also-rans.Miles Corak, another contributor to the JEP debate, is an expert on intergenerational income mobility, the question of whether rich parents have rich children. The painful truth is that in the most unequal developed nations – the UK and the US – the intergenerational transmission of income is stronger. In more equal societies such as Denmark, the tendency of privilege to breed privilege is much lower.This is what sticks in the throat about the rise in inequality: the knowledge that the more unequal our societies become, the more we all become prisoners of that inequality. The well-off feel that they must strain to prevent their children from slipping down the income ladder. The poor see the best schools, colleges, even art clubs and ballet classes, disappearing behind a wall of fees or unaffordable housing.The idea of a free, market-based society is that everyone can reach his or her potential. Somewhere, we lost our way.Questions 9)-12) are based on the above passage.9) In which developed country we cannot observe a widening income gap?A. UK.B. Canada.C. Australia.D. Germany.10) Why should we care about the widening income gap, according to the writer?A. It implies that the gains of the rich are ill-gotten.B. It means the old-boy network is too strong a vested interest.C. It might result in envy or dysfunctional democracy.D. It is a result of slow growth as the rich sit on their cash.11) What is not a cause for the widening income gap?A. Chief executives of large companies are being paid too much.B. Technological changes favor the highly skilled.C. Winner-take-all markets are emerging.D. Globalisation.12) What is the "painful" conclusion drawn by the JEP resaerch by Steven Kaplan and Joshua Rauh?A. Income gap is small in France, Germany and Japan.B. Intergenerational income mobility has something to do with income equality.C. Intergenerational transmission of income is higher in developed countries.D. A free, market-based society is the best system to reduce the gap.Passage DUS regulators are investigating the hiring practices of JPMorgan Chase in Hong Kong, in a move that could cast an unflattering light on the relationships between Wall Street banks and the sons and daughters of Chinese government officials.JPMorgan disclosed in a recent regulatory filing that it has received a request from the US Securities and Exchange Commission “seeking information and documents relating to, among other matters, the firm’s employment of certain former e mployees in Hong Kong and its business relationships with certain clients”.A person familiar with the investigation said that it involves the bank’s hiring of Tang Xiaoning, son of a former Chinese banking regulator who is now chairman of the state-owned China Everbright Group, and Zhang Xixi, the daughter of a Chinese railway official.A Beijing-based spokesperson for JPMorgan said the bank was fully co-operating with the US authorities but declined to comment further.The investigation is likely to cause consternation on Wall Street and in the corridors of power in China, where hiring the sons and daughters of prominent politicians or business leaders is considered de rigueur as part of a system that places heavy emphasis on “guanxi,” or personal conne ctions, as a way of securing new business.In their rush to capitalise on China’s economic growth, virtually all the big Wall Street and European financial institutions with operations in the country have habitually hired “princelings”, as the children of senior Chinese officials are known.Goldman Sachs once hired Jiang Zhicheng, grandson of the former Chinese president Jiang Zemin, for its direct private investment arm, for instance.A senior Chinese official told the FT that the Chinese government had not launched its own investigation into JPMorgan or its hiring practices in the country, but that the revelations are causing concern because the practice of hiring the children of senior officials to work at financial institutions is very common.Some individual Chinese officials are worried their own children could also be named in media reports or in investigations in the US, the senior official said.Two people familiar with the matter confirmed that Tang Xiaoning and Zhang Xixi had previously worked at JPMorgan and that Mr Tang left the company in December 2012. Attempts to reach Mr Tang and Ms Zhang were unsuccessful.A spokesman for the SEC declined to comment on the investigation, which was first reported by the New York Times.US authorities ha ve to date rarely investigated Wall Street’s business practices in China, though a former Morgan Stanley adviser was last year sent to prison after bribing a Chinese official to win lucrative real estate investments for the bank.In recent years, foreign banks are said to have found it increasingly difficult to attract the offspring of the country’s most senior leaders thanks to the rise of a domestic private equity industry that provides lucrative opportunities for Chinese investors with powerful family backgrounds.In private conversations, executives at western banks admit they are now more likely to hire the children of vice-ministers or provincial vice-governors, whereas a few years ago the parents of their recruits were usually minister level or above.The investigation could add to JPMorgan’s recent regulatory woes. The investment bank faces a string of regulatory investigations related to its $6bn “London Whale” trading loss, as well as questions over its commodities and energy businesses.With additional reporting by Kara Scannell and Stephen Foley in New York.Questions 13)-16) are based on the above passage.13) Where is JPMorgan's hiring practices being scrutinized?A. London.B. New York.C. Hong Kong.D. Shanghai.14) Why the investigation is likely to cause consternation?A. Wall Street giants fear being kicked out of China.B. Officials fear being removed from office.C. A social system that emphasizes on “guanxi” might be altered.D. The common business model of hiring princelings might be finished.15) Why is it "increasingly difficult to attract the offspring of the country’s most sen ior leaders"?A. US regulators have been taking actions.B. China's domestic private equity industry is booming.C. Officials are worried that their names might be mentioned on media.D. General Secretary Xi launched a campaigne against “the four winds”.16) JPMorgan is facing with several regulatory woes, except?A "Occupy Wall Street" Movement.B"London Whale" trading loss.C Questions about its commodities and energy businesses.D Hiring practises in Hong Kong.（本小测满分50分，阅读答案不抄到第1页阅读答案横线处者扣2分。
人民大2024商务英语阅读(第3册)(第二版)课件Unit 2 Trade Barriers
herald v. to be a sign that something important, and often good, is starting to hap_x0002_pen, or to make something publicly known 预示……的来临 (CET-6; TEM-4)
butterfly defect 表示“蝴蝶缺陷”或“蝴蝶负效应”。该词来 自伊恩 ·戈尔丁（Ian Goldin) 和迈克 ·马瑞萨森（Mike Mariathasan）于 2014 年出版的 The Butterfly Defect: How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What to Do about It 一书。
collapse n. a sudden failure in the way something works, so that it cannot continue 崩溃 ; 瓦解 (CET-4; TEM-4)
His business was in danger of collapse.
expectancy n. the feeling or hope that something exciting, interesting, or good is about to happen 期待 (CET-6; TEM-8)
4. give rise to
5. had been starved of
7. account for
8. keep out
10. threatened to
3. centre on 6. bounced back 9. usher in
III. Cloze (1) enormously (4) globalizing (7) average (10) exception
《商务英语阅读》第二版Chapter1-Why-China-Works-（网上私人独家翻译）.
《商务英语阅读》第二版Chapter1-Why-China-Works-（网上私人独家翻译）.Why China WorksA look at bright spots in the recession begins with Beijing, where state control is looking smart.经济衰退中的一线光明开始于国家宏观调控看起来明智的北京。
The construction site of the China Pavilion, host to the World Expo Shanghai 2010By Rana Foroohar | NEWSWEEKPublished Jan 10, 2009From the magazine issue dated Jan 19, 2009China is the only major economy that is likely to show significant growth this year, because it is the only one that routinely breaks every rule in the economic textbook. In fact, the main reason China is not slowing as fast as the other big five economies is its capacity for macro-control.中国是今年唯一一个可能取得亮丽增长的主要经济体，因为它是世界上唯一一个惯常打破经济教科书每一个原则的国家。
事实上，中国不像其他五大经济体那样发展缓慢的主要原因是，它的宏观调控能力。
Why does China's market economic system work? Now that the United States and Europe are moving toward macro-economic control—by nationalizing the banking and car industries, and imposing heavy new regulation on the financial industry—the question has a new urgency.China looks like the one best positioned to navigate what may be the worst global downturn in seven decades.为什么中国市场经济体系奏效？目前，欧美等国正通过银行及汽车业国有化及强制对金融业的管理，走向宏观调控，但问题更加紧迫。
人民大2024商务英语阅读(第3册)(第二版)课件Unit 5 Business Teamwork
13. respondent n. a person who answers questions, especially in a survey 回答问题的人；（尤指）调查对象 (CET6; TEM4)
60% of the respondents agreed with the suggestion.
The movement actively empowered women and gave them confidence in themselves.
7. proximity n. the state of being near sb/sth in distance or time （时间或空间）接近，邻近，靠近 (CET6; TEM8)
12. based adj. combines with nouns referring to places to mean something positioned or existing mainly in the place mentioned, or operating or organized from that place 以... 为基地的 (CET4; TEM4)
A check-in meeting is a team discussion where all team members collaborate to discuss updates on important topics, share progress and align their perspectives on projects and initiatives.
22. apprise v. to tell or inform sb of sth 通知；告知 (TOEFL; GRE)
人民大2024商务英语阅读(第3册)(第二版)课件Unit 1 International Orga
4. hundredfold
adv. having a hundred times as many or as much 百倍地
• Researchers observed a hundredfold increase in efficiency with the new solar panel design.
5. all-round adj. in every way 全面的
• His performance was praised for its all-round excellence. • The athlete’s training program focuses on developing all-
round fitness and strength • The company is known for providing all-round support to
its employees.
Байду номын сангаас
6. humanitarian adj. concerned with improving bad living conditions and preventing
investigation. • Researchers studied the regulatory mechanisms controlling
gene expression. • The international trade agreement includes mechanisms for
the development of renewable energy.
3. mechanism n. a system that is intended to achieve something or deal with a
商务英语口译王艳答案
商务英语口译王艳答案【篇一：商务英语阅读第二版(王艳主编)chapter1-4 课后答案详解】汉chapter1sluggish economy萧条的经济full employment 充分就业trade deficit 贸易赤字in-depth analysis深入的分析industrialized countries 工业化国家free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定international specialization 国际专业化 product differentiation 产品差别trade surplus 贸易盈余determinative factor决定性因素chapter2consumer-goods消费品 discount retailers折扣零售商 brand equity品牌资产价值advertising budget 广告预算real-time sales data 实时销售数据sales promotion 促销profit margin盈利scanner data 扫描数据chapter3privileged minority 享有特权的少数人gas station 加油站marketing research 市场调查professional competence 专业技能a sales point 卖点product design 产品设计potential consumer 潜在顾客business disaster 商业灾难chapter4mobility of people 人口流动supplier networks 供应商网络standardized items 标准零配件specialist manufacturing technology 特殊制造技术 complementary economies 互补经济体anti-japanese sentiment 反日情绪foreign affiliates外方合伙人，外国附属公司go public 上市二、汉翻英chapter1经济双赢economic win-win关税壁垒tariff barrier收入不平等 wage inequality劳动生产率labor productivity解雇工人lay off works 生产要素factor of production双边协议bilateral deal 回归分析regression analysis市场准入market access 世界经济复苏world economic recoverychapter2价格溢价price premium 基线销售base-line sales减价price reductions广告支出advertising spending营销组合marketing mix 销量溢价quantity premium产品数量（种类）product-line variety美元分配allocation of dollarschapter3日常生活 daily life广告活动advertising campaigns物理特征physical characteristic 视觉想象visual imagination 国内媒体national media 销售增长sales increase销售渠道distribution system 产品到导向型的广告product-orientated advertisingchapter4企业并购mergersand acquisition 海外扩张overseas expansion全球化战略globalization strategy保护主义措施protectionist measures 市场准入access of market知识产权intellectual property right 贸易伙伴trading partners三、完形填空chapter 17.revival 8.emergingchapter 21.blame2.damaged6.arm7.boostschapter 31.sincere2.privileged6.resort7.insteadchapter 41.ambivalent2.integration6.shortage7.options11.craft资本投入capital investment 3.deficit4.budget5.expanding 6.recovery 9.innovation10.property 3.short-term 4.building 5.profiability 8.orientation 9.moreover10.lowering 3.led4.constitutes5.intellectual 8.reduce 9.clients 10.divert3.hindered4.from5.by 8.acquisitions 9.strategy10.alliance【篇二：商务英语口译教学大纲】文摘:商务英语口译王艳答案)程教学大纲一、课程基本信息1.课程名称：商务英语口译课程英文名称：business english interpretation 2．授课专业：外语系3.学时/学分：34学时/2学分4.开课学期：第七学期5.面向对象：本科大四学生二、课程性质与任务课程性质：专业选修课程。