Benjamin Franklin1
美国文学(本杰明富兰克林)
American literatureChapter 1 The Embryo of American Literature1、Benjamin FranklinA Brief Introduction of Benjamin FranklinFranklin was one of the leading founding fathers of the United States of America. He was a member of the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence and was one of its signatories(签名人)。
He also signed the Constitution of the United States, and served as the new nation’s ablest diplomat. Franklin was also unequaled in America as an inventor until Thomas Edison. He invented the Franklin stove(火炉，窖，温室)，bifocal eyeglasses and the lightning rod.※BiographyBenjamin Franklin was born on January 17,1706 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the youngest child ,and tenth boy of 17 children. Franklin’s formal schooling ended early but his education never did. He believed that “the door to wisdom are never shut,” and read every book he could get his hands on. Franklin taught himself simple algebra and geometry ,navigation, logic, history, science, English grammar and a working knowledge of five other languages.Franklin had a simple formula for success. He believed that successful people worked just a little harder than other people. Benjamin Franklin certainly did. He built a successful printing and publishing business in Philadelphia; he conducted scientific studies of electricity and made several important discoveries; he was an accomplished diplomat and statesman; he helped establish Pennsylvania’s first university and America’s first city hospital. He also organized the country’s first subscription library.Franklin had strong belief that good citizenship included an obligation of public service. Franklin himself served the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the new United States of America, in one way or the other, for most of his life. To Benjamin Franklin there was no greater purpose in life than to“live usefully.”※The Works·Poor Richard’s Almanac.1733·The Way to Wealth,1758·Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin ，1791·Benjamin Franklin’s Thirteen Virtues1TEMPERANCE. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.2SIlENCE. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.3ORDER.Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time.4RESOLUTION.Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.5FRUGALITY. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e.,waste nothing.6INDUSTRY.Lose no time;be always employeed in something useful; cut off all unneccessary actions.7. SINCERITY. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.8. JUSTICE. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.9. MODERATION. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.10. CLEANLINESS. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothes, or habitation.11. TRANQUILLITY. Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.12. CHASTITY. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dulness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.13. HUMILITY. Imitate Jesus and Socrates.※Selected ReadingToo Dear for the WhistleWhen I was a child of seven years old , my friends , on a holiday ,filled my pocket with coppers . I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children . Being charmed with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way , in the hands of another boy , I handed over all my money for one . I then came home , went whistling all over house , much pleased with my whistle , but disturbing all my family .My brother and sister and cousins ,when I told of the bargain I had made,said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth . They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation(n.苦恼，恼怒，令人烦恼的事) . Thinking about the matter gave me more chagrin than the whistle gave me pleasure.This , however , was afterwards of use to me , for the impression continued on my mind . so that often , when I was tempted to buy something I do not need . I said to myself . “Don't give too much for the whistle ,”and I saved my money . As I grew up , came into the world，and observed the actions of men . I thought I met with many ,very many ,who “gave too much for the whistle .”When I saw some man too eager for cout favour, wasting his time at court getherings ,giving up his rest , his liberty ,his virtue, and perhaps his friends ,for royal favour , I said to myself “This man gives too much for the whistle.”When I saw another fond of popularity , constantly taking part in political affairs ,neglecting his own business ,and ruining it by neglect , “He pays , indeed ,”said I , “too dear for his whistle .”If I knew a miser（守财奴，吝啬鬼）who gave up every kind of comfortable living , all the pleasure of doing good to others , all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship , for the sake of gathering and keeping wealth —“Poor man.”said I , “you pay too dear for your whistle .”When I met a man of pleasure , who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but merely devoted himself to having a good time ,perhaps neglecting his health ,“Mistaken man,”said I , “you are providing pain for yourself , instead of pleasure ; you are paying too dear for your whistle .”If I saw someone fond of appearance of who had fine clothes , fine houses , fine furniture , fine earrings , all above his fortune , and for which he had run into debt ,and ends his career in a prison .“Alas,”said I , “he has paid dear , very dear , for his whistle . ”In short the miseries of mankind are largely due to their putting a false value on things —to giving “too much for their whistles”.。
关于本杰明富兰克林的英语作文
关于本杰明富兰克林的英语作文Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and had a significant impact on American history. 本杰明富兰克林是美国的开国元勋之一，对美国历史产生了重要影响。
He was a multi-talented individual, excelling in various fields such as science, politics, and writing. 他是一个多才多艺的人，在科学、政治和写作等领域都表现出色。
Franklin was known for his experiments with electricity and his invention of the lightning rod. 富兰克林以他在电学领域的实验和发明避雷针而闻名。
His contributions to the field of politics were also significant, as he played a key role in the drafting of the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. 他在政治领域的贡献也很重要，他在起草独立宣言和美国宪法中发挥了关键作用。
In addition to his scientific and political achievements, Franklin was also a prolific writer, known for his wit and wisdom. 除了他在科学和政治领域的成就，富兰克林还是一个多产的作家，以他的机智和智慧而闻名。
One of his most famous works is "Poor Richard's Almanack," a collection of proverbs and practical advice that reflected his practical outlook on life. 他最著名的作品之一是《可怜理查年鉴》，这是一本反映他实用人生观的谚语和实用建议集。
本杰明·富兰克林
Autobiography
• 7. Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly. • 诚恳。不欺骗人；思想纯洁公正；说话 也应诚实。 • 8. Justice. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty. • 正直。不做不利他人之事，切勿忘记履 行对人有益的义务而伤害他人。
The Way to Wealth
• An essay(1758) • 25 anniversary issue of Almanac • Brought together the best of his maxims • In the guise of a speech by Father Abraham • Earlier titles: Poor Richard Improved and • Father Abraham’s Speech
Autobiography
• 5. Frugality（节俭）. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing. • 节俭。花钱须于人于己有益，即不浪费。
• 6. Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.
Benjamin-Franklin本杰明富兰克林
4. Resolution: Resolve to perform what you ought; p erform without fail what you resolve. 决断。事情当做必做；既做则坚持到底。 5. Frugality: Make no expense but to do good to othe rs or yourself; i.e., waste nothing. 节俭。花钱须于人于己有益，即不浪费。 6. Industry: Lose no time; be always employed in so mething useful; cut off all unnecessary actions. 勤勉。不浪费时间；每时每刻做有用之事，戒除一 切不必要的行动。
In The Autobiography we will be able to notice: 1)Puritanism’s influence, such as self-examination and self-improvement a how-to-do-it book (timetable,thirteen virtues, life style) Hard work was an ethic, a step toward salvation; 2)Enlightenment spirits (man’s nature is good, rights of liberty, virtues include “order”) a success story of self-reliance, the fulfillment of the American dream.
Serving god best is to contribute your talent to the people and community
富兰克林1
The Way to Wealth
An essay written by Benjamin Franklin in 1758. It is a collection of adages（格言） and advice presented in Poor Richard's Almanak during its first 25 years of publication, organized into a speech given by "Father Abraham ['eibrə,hæ m] " to a group of people. Many of the phrases Father Abraham quotes continue to be familiar today. The essay's advice is based on the themes of work ethic（伦理） and frugality（节俭）.
1753 both Harvard and Yale awarded him honorary degrees
Success as a politician
– 1775 was elected the first United States Postmaster General
– 1776 a delegate to the Second Continental Congress and drafted the Declaration of Independence – 1776 was dispatched to France as commisioner for the United States – 1785 returned Philadelphia and became the sixth President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania
本杰明·富兰克林
富兰克林名言
• 1平庸的人最大缺点是常常觉得自己比别人高明。 • 2懒惰，像生锈一样，比操劳更能消耗身体，经常用的钥匙总是亮闪 闪的。 • 3命运的变化犹如月之圆缺，对智者无妨害。 • 4我未曾见过一个早起、勤奋、谨慎、诚实的人抱怨命运不好；良好 的品格，优良的习惯，坚强的意志，是不会被假设所谓的命运击败的。 • 5失足可以很快弥补，失言却可能永远无法补救。 • 6傻瓜的心在嘴里，聪明人的嘴在心里。 • 7 骄傲者憎恨他人骄傲。 • 8最难抑制的情感是骄傲，尽管你设法掩饰，竭力与之斗争，它仍然 存在。即使我敢相信已将它完全克服，我很可能又因自己的谦逊而感 到骄傲。 • 9缺少谦虚就是缺少见识。 • 10虚荣是骄傲的食物，轻蔑是它的饮料。 • 11没有任何动物比蚂蚁更勤奋，然而它却最沉默寡言。
• • • • • • • • • • •
12骄傲道德导致丰盈，然后导致贫困，最后导致声誉扫地。 13绝望毁掉了一些人，而傲慢则毁掉了许多人。 14恶习知道自己委实很丑陋，所以往往戴了假面具。 15心胸开阔：不要为令人不快的区区琐事而心烦意乱，悲 观失望。 16良好的态度对于事业与社会的关系，正如机油对于机器 一样重要。 17想左右天下的人，须先能左右自己。 18什么需要明天做的事，最好现在就开始。 19诚实和勤勉应该成为你永久的伴侣。 20忠诚老实:不要说有害于人的谎话，要表里一致。 21诚实是最好的政策。 22失足，你可能马上复站立；失信，你也许永难挽回。 23 钱财并不属于拥有它的人，而只属于享用它的人。
【素材1】知错就改
当富兰克林还是一个性格急躁、做事粗糙的小伙子时，一位老朋友把 他叫到一旁，对他批评道:“你真是无可救药了，你的所言所为已经打 击了每一位和你意见不同的人。你的意见太尖刻了，使得没有人能承 受得起，你的朋友发觉，如果你不在场，他们会自在的多。你知道的 太多，没有人能再教你什么了。”他指出了富兰克林刻薄、难以容人 的个性。 富兰克林听后深受触动，当面向自己的朋友们道歉，承认了自己粗暴 急躁刻薄的态度已经对自己的朋友们造成了很大的伤害，他表示一定 要用自己的行动来改正弥补。而后，富兰克林渐渐改正了他这一缺点。 变得成熟、明智、能领会到即将面临社交失败的命运，一改以前傲慢、 粗野的习俗。 富兰克林说：“我立下条规矩，绝对不正面反对别人的意见，也不准 自己太武断。我甚至不准自己在文字或语言上措辞太自我。我不说 ‘当然’、‘无疑’等字眼，而改用‘我’、‘我觉得’一件事该这 样或那样。”他的这种谦和努力的态度使他逐渐成为强者
本杰明·富兰克林
Alliance结盟；联盟 结盟； 结盟
fleet舰队；海军 舰队； 舰队
伟人的离去
• His last public act was to sign an appeal to Congress urging the abolition of slavery. • Franklin died in Philadelphia in 1790, at the age of 84. He left ﹩5000 each to Boston and Philadelphia, to be used for public works.
外交家富兰克林
Soon after the colonies declared their independence in July 1776, Franklin was sent to France as the American envoy, and he remained there until 1785. He was very popular among the French people, who were charmed by his kindness, his simple dress and manner, his wise and witty sayings, and his tact and courtesy in greeting the nobility and common people alike. envoy使者；代表 使者； 使者 tact老练；圆滑 老练； 老练 witty机智的；言辞诙谐的 机智的； 机智的 courtesy礼貌；彬彬有礼 礼貌； 礼貌
富兰克林本人对节俭、责任、勤劳与朴素的见解。
A penny saved is a penny earned. 省一分，挣一分。 省一分，挣一分。 Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 早睡早起，体健、财多、头晴朗。 早睡早起，体健、财多、头晴朗。 God helps them that help themselves. 自助者天助。 自助者天助。 Little strokes fell great oaks.小斧慢砍，巨树可断。 小斧慢砍， 小斧慢砍 巨树可断。
Benjamin-Franklin本杰明富兰克林 PPT
Content
changing.
• 省一文等于挣一文；聚沙可以成塔，积水可以成河 。 • 早睡早起,使人健康、富有和聪明 。 • 天助自助者 。 • 小小开支不可随意，小小漏洞会沉大船。 • 吃饭是为了活着,活着不是为了吃饭。 • 选择朋友要谨慎，换朋友更要谨慎。
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin 《本杰明·富兰克林自传》
Serving god best is to contribute your talent
to the people and community
Franklin’s Contributions to Science
A scientist with lots of inventions and a famous experiment (kite, electricity, thunderstorm); first applied the terms “positive” and “negative” to electrical charges.
Benjamin Franklin
(1706-1790)
content
1. Life Experience 2. Great Contributions 3. Literary Worperience
He was born in Boston, the youngest son of a poor craftsman on January 17,1706. He had little formal education, but he taught himself by reading widely.
本杰明·富兰克林语录
本杰明·富兰克林语录1. "Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn." - Benjamin Franklin“告诉我，我会忘记；教我，我可能会记住；让我参与，我就会学到。
”- 本杰明·富兰克林2. "An investment in knowledge pays the best interest." - Benjamin Franklin “对知识的投资，回报最丰厚。
”- 本杰明·富兰克林3. "Well done is better than well said." - Benjamin Franklin“实际行动胜于空谈。
”- 本杰明·富兰克林4. "You may delay, but time will not." - Benjamin Franklin“你可以拖延，但时间不会等你。
”- 本杰明·富兰克林5. "By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail." - Benjamin Franklin“不预先准备，就是在准备失败。
”- 本杰明·富兰克林6. "Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn." - Benjamin Franklin“告诉我，我会忘记；教我，我可能会记住；让我参与，我就会学到。
”- 本杰明·富兰克林7. "Energy and persistence conquer all things." - Benjamin Franklin“精力和坚持能征服一切。
Benjamin Franklin本杰明 富兰克林
newspaper editor
scientist
…
Jack of all trades Master of each and mastered by none---
the type and genius of his hand Herman Melville
Inventions and scientific inquiries
His sources are often easily identifiable . Though he borrowed from such writers as Defoe ,Swift and Pope, he made good use of his own wit and wisdom to simplify and enrich their axioms
Political party Independent
Milk Street in 19th century
The Old South Meeting House, 1968
Benjamin Franklin baptized at Old was born on Milk South Meeting Street, in Boston, House Massachusetts, on January 17, 1706
France into an alliance with American against England
one of Founding Fathers of the United States
Four Documents:
the Declaration of Independence the treaty of alliance with France
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the Declaration of Independce
北美洲十三个英属殖民地 宣告自大不列颠王国独立，并 宣明此举正当性之文告。1776 年7月4日，本宣言由第二次大 陆会议于费城批准，当日兹后 成为美国独立纪念日。宣言之 原件由大陆会议出席代表共同 签署，并永久展示于美国华盛 顿特区之国家档案与文件署 （National Archives and Records Administration）。 此宣言为美国最重要的立国文 书之一。
Franklin's View of Puritanism
• Franklin’s parents were both pious Puritans. The family attended the old South Church, the most liberal Puritan congregation in Boston, where Benjamin Franklin was baptized in 1706. • He retained a strong faith in a God as the wellspring of morality and goodness in man, and as a Providential actor in history responsible for American independence.
Benjamin Franklin
• Birthday: 17/01/1706 • Deathday: 17/04/1790 • Hometown: Boston / New England • Belief: Puritanism • Profession:Scientist writer Politician Musician and so on
贞洁— 洁身自爱,珍重名誉.
谦虚— 勿恃才傲物,要谦以待人.
Poor Richard’s Almanack
该年鉴中包括日历，天气， 诗歌，谚语和天文和占星等等， 还偶尔包括数学演习，这主要 是记住，这些格言通常带有节 俭和礼貌的和玩世不恭。开始 出版于1732年12月28日穷理 查的年鉴，并将继续出版25 年了，给富兰克林本人很大的 经济成就和知名度。该年鉴也 是一种规范和他的时代的社会 习俗，而不是一种哲学文件。
Benjamin Franklin as a litterateur
• United states Constitution • the Declaration of Independce • The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin • Poor Richard’s Almanack
United states Constitution
美利坚合众国宪法(The Constitution of the United States)，通称美国联邦宪法或美国 宪法(U.S. Constitution)。它是美 国的根本大法，奠定了美国政治制 度的法律基础。美国宪法是世界上 第一部成文宪法。1787年5月，美 国各州（当时为13个）代表在费城 (Philadelphia)召开制宪会议，同年 9月15日制宪会议通过《美利坚合 众国宪法》。1789年3月4日，该宪 法正式生效。后又附加了27条宪法 修正案。
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
节制— 食不过饱,饮不过量.
谨言— 莫说无聊废话,避免无益闲谈. 秩序— 物有本末,事有始终.丝寸缕.
勤勉— 珍惜光阴,免徒劳无功. 诚恳— 思考专注,言必有中. 正直— 不中伤人,不谋私利. 中庸— 宽大为怀,避走极端. 整洁— 身体衣物,常保洁净. 宁静— 不因物喜,不为己悲.