新编大学英语5(浙大)Unit6翻译
什么？我在卖弄？1 我们参加了威尔逊家一年一度的聚会。
在客厅的另一头，一位年轻女士正在抨击贫穷、战争、不公正及人类所蒙受的疾苦。
她情绪激昂、声音颤抖，双眼闪着怒光。
确实，她对人类的疾苦如此痛心疾首，以至于大家的注意力迅速地从她阐述的道德问题转向了她本人，她是如何非常非常非常深切地关注这类问题。
2 她在卖弄。
3 屋子的这一头，一个有学者派头的家伙刚刚在一句话里用上了“感时伤怀”、“克尔恺郭尔”和“认识论”这些词。
与此同时，我们的常驻品酒专家拿着一杯非常好的法国葡萄酒，若有所思地浅尝一口，随即便将这杯酒弃置一边。
4 他们也是在卖弄。
5 还有我们。
我们抱怨自己今天有多累，因为我们去上班，赶回来观看儿子在学校的演出，到食品店采购，急匆匆地回家做可口的饭菜，而后又修好了餐厅里的另一把椅子。
6 我们同样也在卖弄。
7 我想说的是，实际上每个人都间或需要卖弄一下。
没人能完全超凡脱俗，你我亦然。
尽管我们所受的教育告诉我们：自我吹嘘不好，自吹自擂没用，有教养的人从不炫耀自己、从不出风头或借名人来抬高自己。
然而，有些时候卖弄可以得到原谅，甚至是可以接受的。
8 不过我们先得看一看，什么样的卖弄是令人讨厌的、无法接受的，是永远令人不悦的。
比如说，有人因强烈的好胜心而卖弄，有人为了成为焦点人物并保持住这种地位而自我陶醉地卖弄。
9 争强好胜的卖弄者们想成为所有人群中的佼佼者。
他们一定要使别人都相形见絀。
不管在谈论什么，他们总是拥有更多——更多的专长、金钱甚至烦恼；他们拥有的总是更好——更好的牙医、孩子、婚姻或烹饪法；他们的感情总是更深刻——对动物更深的爱护、对人类苦难更深的关注。
争强好胜的卖弄者们永远处于竞争状态。
例如，你正在讲你那五岁的孩子最近为你做了个小巧可爱的生日卡，但就在你快讲完时，那个争强好胜的卖弄者插进来说，她的女儿不仅给她做了一张小巧可爱的生日卡，还把早餐送到她的床头，并且省下了好几个月的零花钱为她买了条漂亮的围巾作为生日礼物——显然，她这个母亲得到的爱远胜于你。
10 自我陶醉型的卖弄者们则不会费神去竞争，因为他们压根儿没发现会有什么人可竞争。
他们无休止地高谈阔论、自吹自擂、手舞足蹈，时而还引用一下荷马的希腊文原句。
为了保持人们对他们的关注，他们甚至会不惜头脚倒立。
自我陶醉型的卖弄者们希望自己是明星，他人皆为观众。
不错，他们往往都很可爱、迷人、有趣——只不过那是他们大约六岁以前的事了。
11 我确实见识过一个自我陶醉型的卖弄者。
当人们不再谈论他的成就时，他便起身走了出去。
当发现他站在阳台上闷闷不乐时，我问他：“你怎么了？”“哦，没什么，”他回答说，“不过，我感到话题一下子变得那么肤浅了。
”12 另一类卖弄者们是大大值得同情的，他们是基本上无安全感的人。
据一位密友解释，他们卖弄是因为他们觉得：“假如我不告诉别人，别人怎么会知道我很棒呢？”无论卖弄者们想告诉别人什么，比方说，我是个聪明人，我是个大好人，他们都有各种不同的技巧来表达这个意思。
13 有的时候，卖弄者们企求他们没资格得到的喝彩。
有的时候，卖弄者们赢得了所追求的赞誉。
而有的时候，人们获得了极大的成就却没有去炫耀。
14 那才叫令人难忘呢！15 一位已有四个孩子的文静的母亲不久前选入了州议会。
她整晚都在和我们聊天，谈得十分投机，却压根儿没提这件事。
当我们发觉时，说真的，我们真是百感交集，又是钦佩、又是惊讶。
16 她是何等地自律啊！17 因为我们都很清楚——我自己当然也很清楚——假如我们是那位幸运的女士的话，我们就会想方设法把自己的成就纳入话题。
其实，我可以坦白交代：当我的诗歌首次发表时，我不仅成年累月地在每次聊天时提及此事，还不厌其烦地给本地的和外地的几乎所有认识的人打电话，宣告喜讯。
不妨让我向你再坦白得彻底一点儿：如果碰巧有个陌生人在街上叫住我，即便他只想问问时间或问问路，我也会尽量多留他一会儿，好让他知道，正在和他说话的人是个不折不扣的、已有大作发表、还未作古的诗人。
18 令大家庆幸的是，过了一段时间，我终于冷静下来了。
19 那时我是在卖弄、在自夸，没有丝毫的羞怯和自制能力。
我不想为自己辩护，但是生活中发生了那么重要、那么荣耀、那么激动人心的一件事，使我按捺不住地要洋洋得意一番。
洋洋得意大概是一种尚能容忍的卖弄吧。
20 我先生给我做了个煎蛋。
他几乎跳着踢踏舞把煎蛋从厨房的灶头端到桌上，摆在我的面前，完全客观地评价道这也许是迄今为止做得最好的煎蛋。
这就是洋洋得意。
21 我母亲带着她的长孙去所有的朋友家串门，一进门就嚷嚷：“他可爱吗？他是不是个可爱的小家伙？他是不是你见过的最可爱的小家伙？”这也是洋洋得意。
22 假如那个有四个孩子的母亲微笑着说：“别再叫我‘玛吉’。
叫我‘州议员。
’”这也是洋洋得意。
23 洋洋得意就是毫不谦虚地向全世界宣布我们的才能和成就。
就像是说：我正在谢幕，希望听到掌声。
我想如果我们不做过头（比如说，叫住陌生人只为了告诉他你的大作发表了，这就是做过了头）；如果我们懂得适可而止（“别再谈我了。
谈谈你吧。
你觉得我怎么样？”算不上是适可而止），如果我们不是炫耀迷（比方说，每作一首诗、每煎一个蛋都渴望得到赞扬），如果我们能够走下舞台（在他人谢幕时为之鼓掌、欢呼），那么我想我们是可以时不时地洋洋得意一下的。
24 尽管卖弄有的张扬，有的含蓄，卖弄的出发点有时卑鄙，有时美好，有时出于情感需要，但卖弄总有不谦之嫌，有可能被无情地判定为……嗯……卖弄。
或许我们应当考虑一下切斯特菲尔德伯爵给儿子信中的话："谦逊是博取赞誉唯一可靠的手段。
"25 当然，他说得没错。
我们清楚他是对的，他肯定是正确的不过有时实在太难克制自己了。
无论我们做什么，总会犯点小差错。
那么，何不让我们原谅彼此的卖弄呢？什么时候该保持沉默1 当得知一家公司欲购买他们的二手印刷机时, 这家新泽西州的印刷厂厂长十分高兴。
经过仔细计算，他将价格定为250万美元，并想好了理由。
2 但是，当他坐下来谈判时，心里有一个声音告诉他：“别忙。
”买方很快就打破了沉默，列举了这台机器的优点和缺点。
卖主一言不发。
然后买方说：“我们出价350万美元，但一分钱也不能再多了。
”不到一小时，这笔交易做成了。
3 在日常与他人打交道时，“缄口不言”经常能够改善局面。
有时保持沉默还有个好处，就是你不必承认自己说错话。
就拿我的朋友本来说吧。
他有时说话会不加思索，脱口而出的话事后就给他带来了麻烦。
我们当中许多人在缺乏自信或者试图表示礼貌时也会那样。
4 他新婚的嫂子第一次邀请他去吃饭时给他上了番茄肉冻。
本讨厌那东西，但又想恭维她。
于是他极力夸奖道：“这肉冻太棒了！”她听后十分得意，于是牢记在心——每次他去做客都给他吃那玩意儿，整整15年呢！5 有时候一句未经考虑的话，即使再无意，都可能带来严重后果。
一天深夜，哈罗德和妻子偶然碰到了同住一幢楼的邻居。
惊讶之际他试图显得友好，便说道：“听说应该祝贺你们”。
紧接着是一阵尴尬的沉默。
后来哈罗德的妻子提醒他说，那女人最近刚刚流产。
“如今，”哈罗德说，“如果我一时惊慌、不知所措的话，我就数数，等数到十再说话。
”6 知道什么时候该保持沉默不仅蕴涵着智慧，而且还有实际的好处。
律师们常讲到这样一个故事：一名男子被指控在一次争斗中咬掉了别人的耳朵。
辩护律师花了一个上午的时间驳斥原告的主要证人。
他认为已经驳倒了证人的证词，但是他按捺不住还是要说，想给对方最后一击。
7 “你承认你离所谓的犯罪现场不是很近，而且没有看到我的当事人咬掉原告的耳朵。
那你怎么能证明他有罪呢？”被告律师问道。
8 证人停顿了一下，然后微笑着说道：“我看见他把耳朵吐出来。
”9 常言道：“男人很少会因为沉默而后悔。
”女人也不会。
10 我们的第一个孩子出生时，我丈夫正承受着巨大的工作压力，所以他跟我和孩子都有些疏远。
这样持续了几个星期之后，我感到筋疲力尽，有满腹怨气要发泄。
11 一天，我给他写了一封措辞激烈的信。
后来，也不知道究竟为什么，我把信收了起来。
第二天，我丈夫主动要给孩子换尿布。
“我想是该学会做这些事情的时候了，”他说。
12 我一直没有搞清楚到底是什么使他改变了态度。
我庆幸自己给了他时间。
大吵大闹是无济于事的。
而在那以后他表现得一直很不错。
13 等待是一种策略，但这种策略经常被忽视。
有时短时间坚定的沉默所能产生的效果令人惊奇。
14 我母亲时常回忆起的一件事就是有一次她陪朋友玛丽·安去退一件礼物。
当时正好是圣诞节后大减价，百货商店里一片混乱。
玛丽·安要求退货，但是手忙脚乱的售货员说那件衣服不能退，说完便去接待另一位顾客了。
玛丽·安只是把衣服“啪”的一声放在收款机旁，等着。
15 十分钟后，那售货员回来了。
玛丽·安微笑着，继续等候。
售货员在收款机旁忙个不停。
沉默中，好几分钟又不知不觉地过去了。
接着，二话没说，那售货员拿起那件衣服就走开了。
过了差不多三分钟，她回来了——拿来了退款！玛丽·安耐心而有礼貌的沉默终于有了好结果，而在那种情况下，大吵大闹很可能就退不成货。
16 当然，有些时候决不能沉默不语，如申诉冤屈、安慰朋友、解除误会。
在这种时候，我们必须说话，但要紧的是措辞得当。
此时此刻，先思考一下可以使你说的话更加准确，也更加有效。
17 大学时候我有一位室友叫米歇尔，她从小就是公谊会教徒，但是她的祖父母是犹太人，死于纳粹的集中营。
去年，两位不了解米歇尔背景的朋友抱怨说，他们的儿子娶了一个犹太女人。
他们拒绝见这个儿媳妇，这令他们的儿子很痛苦。
米歇尔仍然珍惜和这两位朋友的友谊，但对他们露骨的偏见感到不快，权衡一下，她决定直言不讳。
“我为我的家庭出身自豪，你们有这样的想法我很遗憾，”她向他们说道，“但是你们说的话让我很不愉快。
”18 米歇尔的朋友震惊之余向她道了歉。
她的话深深触动了他们，不久以后他们就和儿媳妇和解了。
19 米歇尔仔细考虑了说话的效果，然后开诚布公地向他们表明了立场，结果增进了彼此的理解。
在决定是否该讲话时，要牢记的一条最重要的原则是：问问自己你要说的话是否有助于改善局面或改善关系。
20 以往心理学家常常会说，我们对他人应该“有话直说”。
但我越来越发现与他人相处有时需要宽容和沉默。
21 阿黛尔·费伯是《如何说话能让孩子愿意听，如何聆听能让孩子愿意说》一书的合著者，她讲了一件发生在母子之间的事：沉默如何使母亲和她八岁的儿子乔纳森避免了每晚关于睡觉时间的争吵。
22 一天晚上，乔纳森被安顿上床，盖好被子后，又像往常一样下了楼。
“妈妈，我睡不着！”他说。
23 “哦，你睡不着。
嗯，”他妈妈答道。
她停下来，同情地看着他，等待着。
整整一分钟过去了，两人都一句话也没说。
24 最后乔纳森开口了。
“我想我该穿上我最喜欢的睡衣，”他说。
新编大学英语5Unit1-6课文语言点整理
《新编大学英语5》1－6单元语言点整理英语教育学院薛媛6803612011-12-16Unit 11. agent (Line 2) n.[C] a means of …手段，途径1) a person who acts for or represents another，代理人e.g. Please contact our agent in Spain for further information.travel agent 旅行社经纪人real estate agent 地产经纪人agency.e.g. an employment agency2) a person or thing that produces a particular effect or change 产生某种效果的人力或物质a chemical agent, oxidizing agents化学制剂，氧化剂a cleaning agent除垢剂a FBI (secret) agent (= a spy) 密探2. subject (Line3, para.1)A. n. [C]1) a person who lives in or whohas the right to live in aparticular country, especially acountry with a king or queen:臣民，公民E.g. She is Italian by birth and a British subject by marriage.2) 主题，对象，科目Eg. a. What did he say on the subject of age?b. His appearance was the subject for some critical comments.3) subject for sth. 引起某种情感或行为的人或物a subject for pity, ridicule, jealousyB. subject (adj.)subject to sth./sb.:1) obliged to obey sth./sb.; under the authority o sth./sb. 服从，受支配E.g. a. Everyone is subject to the law.b. The arrangements are subject to change at short notice.c. All such gatherings are subject to the laws on political meetings.d. His hiring is subject to your approval.2) often having, suffering or undergoing sth.; liable to sth.. 常患或常遭受某事物；倾向某事物E.g. Are you subject to colds?The plan is subject to alteration. 计划可能有变。
新编英语教程5课文翻译(标准)
Unit Three: 我的朋友阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦1)虽然阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是迄今为止世界上最伟大的科学家之一，但如果要我用一个词来描述他的话我会选择纯朴。
或者有关他的一些轶事能让你理解我为什么这么说。
有一次，遇上了倾盆大雨，他摘下帽子揣在衣服下面。
别人问他为什么，他以令人钦佩的逻辑解释说，雨会淋坏帽子，而他的头发淋湿了却不会坏。
这种直达问题核心的诀窍以及他对美非同寻常的感知就是他主要科学发现的秘密所在。
2)1935年，在坐落于新泽西著名的普林斯顿高级研究院，我第一次见到阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦。
他是第一批被该院邀请的人，在工资方面学院任由他提条件。
令院长惊鄂的是，爱因斯坦要求的薪水简直办不到---- 他要得太少了。
院长不得不恳求他接受一个大一些的数目。
3)我对爱因斯坦很敬畏，犹豫再三才就我一直在考虑的一些想法向他请教。
当我终于鼓起勇气敲响他的门时，听到一个温和的声音说：“进来。
”声调有些上扬，带有欢迎和询问的语气。
我走进他的办公室，看见他坐在桌子旁边，一边抽着烟斗一边算着什么。
他的衣服很不合身，头发乱蓬蓬的，极具个性，向我热情地微笑着表示欢迎我的到来。
他的平易自然立刻让我放松了下来。
4)当我开始阐述自己的见解时，他叫我把方程式写在黑板上，这样他就能明白它们是怎么展开。
接着他提出了一个令人惊鄂但又非常可爱的请求：“请你漫漫地写，我理解东西不快。
”这种话竟出自爱因斯坦之口！他说得很温和，我笑了。
从此残留的畏惧之情都烟消云散了。
5)爱因斯坦于1879年出生在德国的乌尔姆市。
他并非神童式的人物。
事实上他说话很晚，他的父母甚至担心他是弱、智儿。
上学后,虽然老师们看不出他有什么天分，但天才的迹象已经显露。
例如，他自学微积分，老师们有些怕他，因为他总问些他们回答不出的问题。
因此，十六岁时他就问自己是否当人跟着光波跑得一样快的时候它会好像是静止的。
由这一天真的问题的引发，十年之后他创立了相对论。
6)爱因斯坦没有通过苏黎士瑞士联邦工艺学校的入学考试，但在一年后被录取了。
新编英语教程5Unit1-8课文及译文参考
Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。
新编大学英语第五册-课文翻译及答案（浙江大学）
新编大学英语第五册-课文翻译及答案（浙江大学）课文翻译Unit 1 美女还是老虎？很久以前，有一个国王，非常野蛮，想像力却非常丰富。
他出了很多点子，其中一个就是建一个大竞技场来执行裁决。
在那里，罪恶受到惩治，美德得以回报。
当臣民被指控犯罪，而且其罪行足以令国王关注时，就会发布公告，告知在某一指定的日期，被指控者的命运将在国王的竞技场上决定。
所有人都已聚集在观众席上，而在竞技场的一边，国王高高地坐在他的御座上，周围簇拥着他的皇室成员及侍臣。
当所有人就座后，国王就会发出信号，接着他下面的一扇门就会打开，受到指控的臣民从这儿出来，走入竞技场。
在竞技场的另一边，国王的正对面有一模一样的两扇门，紧紧地挨着。
受审者直接走向这两扇门，打开其中的一扇，这是他必须做的事，也是他的特殊待遇。
他愿意打开哪扇门，就打开哪扇门。
他不会得到任何提示，只有凭运气。
他可能打开一扇门，里面会出来一只凶残饥饿的老虎。
老虎立即立即扑向他，将他撕得四分五裂。
这就是对他所犯罪行的惩罚。
但是，如果受审者打开另一扇门，里面会走出一位小姐，她是国王从国内众多美女中挑选出来的，是与他的年龄和身份最般配的；他必须立即与这位小姐结婚，这是对他清白无罪的回报。
也许他已有妻小，也许他已心有所属，但这一切都不重要。
婚礼会立即在竞技场上举行。
那时，钟声敲响，观众欢呼，这位无辜的人则领着他的新娘回家。
这就是国王进行裁决的方式。
其公正性是显而易见的。
如果被告有罪，他将立即受到惩治；如果清白，则当场得到回报。
这种制度非常受欢迎。
其中的不确定因素给这种场合增添了趣味性。
国王有一个漂亮任性的女儿，是国王的掌上明珠。
他爱她胜过爱任何人。
在他的侍臣中，有一位职位较低的年轻人，由于他英俊、勇武，公主爱上了他。
他们幸福地恋爱了好几个月之后，有一天被国王碰巧发现了。
国王立即将年轻人监禁起来，并定下日期要在竞技场审判他。
这样的案子以前从未发生过；以前也从未有任何臣民胆敢爱上国王的女儿。
新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit1~15)
Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
浙江大学版大英5 翻译
新编大学英语5 翻译整理-----------------------------------------------新编大学英语5翻译整理-------------------------------------------------------------UNIT 1Complete the following sentences according to the text.∙ 1.Directly opposite him on the other side were two doors, exactly alike and side by side. L.9(一模一样,紧紧挨着)∙ 2.It was the duty and the privilege of the person on trial(受审者的义务和特殊待遇) t o walk directly to these doors.L.10∙ 3.He was subject to no guidance or influence, only chance. (L. 11) (不会得到任何提示,只有凭运气).∙ 4. The tiger immediately sprang upon him and tore him to pieces as punishment for his guilt. L.13(扑向他,将他撕得四分五裂,作为对他所犯罪行的惩罚)∙ 5. It didn’t matter that he might posses a wife and family or that his affe ctions might be engaged upon a lady of his own selection. (L.17) (有妻小或心有所属)∙ 6. This was the king‟s method of administering justice. L.21_(进行裁决的方式)∙7. He was rewarded on the spot. L.23(当场)∙8. She was the apple of his eye (他的掌上明珠)and he loved her above all humanity.(胜过爱任何人)(L.26)∙9. Young and beautiful maidens were carefully surveyed(进行了甄选) in order that t he young man might have a suitable bride if fate did not determine for him a differ ent destiny. (L. 34) (以备此人命不该绝).∙10. (她的心像被灼烧一样) Her soul had burned with agony as she imagined him rushi ng to meet that woman with her sparking eyes of triumph . L.85(眼里充满胜利的喜悦).∙12. It had been made after days and nights of anguished thought. L.90(日日夜夜痛苦思索)∙13. It is not for me to presume to set myself up as the one person able to answ er it . L.95_(想当然把自己当作唯一能够回答这问题的人).UNIT 3∙ 1.I learned that saving the rain forests is more than an environmental necessity. (L.10) (不仅仅是环境的需要)∙ 2.In our case, it is an opportunity to pursue business opportunities that use creativi ty and technology to substitute for trees, for resources of any kind. (L.12) (替代树木以及任何资源)∙ 3.Not limited by rules, but motivated by objectives. ( L.24) (而应用目标去激励)∙ 4.When I visited the rain forest, I realized that it was a model of the perfect lear ning organization, a place that excels by learning to adapt to what it doesn‟t have. (L.27) (适应自己的不足之处)∙ 5. At Mitsubishi Electric, we have begun to adopt an environmental management sy stem founded on principles of industrial ecology.(L.37) (根据工业生态原理建立的)∙ 6. Each company retains its independence, its specialty, and its core competence. (L.68) (保持自己的独立性、自己的特色和自己的核心技术。
新编大学英语第五册课文与翻译
Unit 1 suspensePassage ReadingThe Lady or the Tiger?by Frank Stockton1 Long ago there lived a semi-barbaric king who had a great imagination. One of his ideas was to build a big arena as an agent of justice where crime was punished or virtue rewarded. When a subject1 was accused of a crime of sufficient importance to interest the king, public notice was given that on an appointed day the fate of an accused person would be decided in the king’s arena.2 When all the people had assembled in the galleries, and the king, surrounded by the court, sat high up on his throne on one side of the arena, he gave a signal, a door beneath him opened, and the accused subject stepped out into the arena. Directly opposite him on the other side were two doors, exactly alike and side by side. It was the duty and the privilege of the person on trial to walk directly to these doors and open one of them. He could open either door he pleased. He was subject to no guidance or influence, only chance. If he opened one, there came out of it a cruel and hungry tiger, which immediately sprang upon him and tore him to pieces as punishment for his guilt. But, if the accused person opened the other door, there came forth a lady, the most suitable to his age and station2 that the king could select from among his fair3 subjects; and to this lady he was immediately married as a reward for his innocence. It didn’t matter that he might possess a wife and family or that his affections might be engaged upon a lady of his own selection. The wedding took place immediately and in the arena. Bells rang, people shouted glad hurrahs, and the innocent man led his bride home.3 This was the king’s method of administering justice, its fai rness was obvious. The accused person was instantly punished if he found himself guilty and, if innocent, he was rewarded on the spot. The institution4 was a very popular one. The element of uncertainty gave interest to the occasion which could not other wise have a happened.54 The king had a beautiful and willful daughter. She was the apple of his eye and he loved her above all humanity.6 Among his courtiers was a young man of a low station whom the princess loved because he was very handsome and brave. This love affair moved along happily for many months, until one day the king happened to find out about it. He immediately had the youth imprisoned and appointed a day for a trial in the arena. Never before had such a case occurred; never before had a subject dared to love the daughter of a king.5 The tiger-cages of the kingdom were searched for the most savage beast, from which the fiercest one could be selected for the arena. Young and beautiful maidens were carefully surveyed in order that the young man might have a suitable bride if fate did not determine him a different destiny. Of course, everybody knew that thedeed with which the accused was charged had been done. He loved the princess and did not deny it, but the king would take pleasure in watching the events which would determine whether or not the young man had done wrong in allowing himself to love the princess.6 The day of the trial arrived. From far and near the people gathered and crowded the galleries of the arena. The king and his court entered and sat in their places opposite the twin doors. All was ready. The signal was given. A door beneath the royal party opened and the lover of the princess walked into the arena. Tall and handsome, he was greeted by a hum of admiration. Half the audience had not known that so grand a youth had lived among them. No wonder the princess loved him! What a terrible thing for him to be there!7 as the youth advanced into the arena, he turned, as the custom was, to bow to the king, but he did not think at all of her father. Form the very moment that the decree had gone forth, that her lover should decide his fate in the arena, she had thought of nothing else.7 Possessed of more power and determination than anyone connected with a previous case, she found out the secret of the doors. She knew behind which door stood the tiger cage with its open front and behind which door waited the lady. She had used both gold and determination to find out the secret.8 The princess also knew who the lady was. It was one of the most beautiful of the ladies of the court, and the princess hated her. Often the princess had seen, or imagined that she had seen, this fair creature glancing with admiration at her lover, and sometimes the princess thought that these glances were returned. Now and then she had seen them talking together.9 When her lover looked at her, and his eye met hers, he knew that she knew behind which door crouched the tiger and behind which stood the lady. He had expected her to know it as he understood her nature and determination. Then it was that his quick and anxi ous glance asked the question: “Which?”8 It was as plain to her as if he had shouted it from where he stood.9 There was not an instant to be lost. The question was asked in a flash; it must be answered in another. She raised her hand and made a slight, quick movement to- ward the right. No one but her lover saw her. Every eye was fixed on the man in the arena. Every breath was held and every eye remained fixed on that man. Without the slightest hesitation, he went to the door on the right and opened it.10 Now, the point of the story is this: Did the tiger come out of the door, or did the lady? The more we think about this question, the harder it is to answer. It involves a study of the human heart which leads us through devious mazes of passion out of which it is difficult to fine our way.10 the soul of the princess beat with a white heat beneath the combined fires of despair and jealousy.11 she had lost him, but who should have him? How often in her waling hours and in her dreams had she thoughtof her lover opening the door on the other side of which waited the cruel fangs of the tiger! But how much oftener had she seen him at the other door and she could see his delight as he opened the door of the lady! Her soul had burned with agony as she imagined him rushing to meet that woman with her sparkling eyes of triumph. She further imagined the glad shouts of the crowd as the two handsome people were married and walked away showered with flowers.12 Her one despairing shriek was lost in the noise.11 Would it not be better for him to die at once? And yet, that awful tiger, those shrieks, that blood! Her decision had been indicated in an instant, but it had been made after days and nights of anguished thought. She had known she would be asked, she had decided what she would answer, and, without the slightest hesitation, she had moved her hand to the right.12 The question of her decision is not to be lightly considered, and it is not for me to presume to set myself up as the one person able to answer it.13 And so I leave it with all of you: Which came out of the opened door, — the lady, or the tiger? (1,307 words)Time taken:____________minutesUNIT 2 MannersIN-CLASS READINGNo One Stops to Say "Thank You" Anymore1 I am sitting in a local restaurant offering takeout homestyle meals, surrounded by exhausted but happy shoppers, families out for Friday night dinner, and students taking a break from college exams. The warm room buzzes with conversation. A well-known local homeless man very untidy but clean comes in, places an order, pays for it, then sits quietly waiting for his dinner. All talk stops. No one looks at him and several diners leave. He is aware of the general discomfort his presence has caused. When his takeout is ready, he gathers up his numerous bags and his dinner and, laden down, advances to the door to go back to the streets. Just as he reaches the door and begins to shift bundles to free a hand, a well-dressed man coming to the restaurant steps aside and holds the door for him. The homeless man stops and says, "Thank you very much."2 What struck me about this encounter was not the wealthier man helping out the less fortunate one. It was the homeless man stopping to thank him despite being desperate to escape a room full of disapproving people. No doubt he also thanked whoever had given him the money to buy dinner. In line buying my own meal, no one had thanked the young people behind the counter who dished up mashed potatoes for them. Had I taken a poll of the room, though, I bet everyone there would have considered themselves as having more manners than a person who lives on the streets.3 But how many of us are truly well-mannered? Some observations have been surprising.4 When I let someone into my lane of traffic, men almost always acknowledge this courtesy with a wave of the hand; women (the "polite" sex) hardly ever do. More women than men (the "chivalrous" sex) hold open doors for those behind them; teenage boys commit this nicety the least. And I no longer see mothers instructing a child, boy or girl, to hold open a door when several people are approaching something expected of all boys when I was growing up.5 Manners are a tool to remind us of others around us. Our actions affect each other; there is always give and take. However, if youth today are any indication, we are truly destined to become a society of people who think only of themselves. Maybe it sounds cliché, but my parents would have killed me had I done some of the things I endure from today's youth.6 I never ran in public, much less between and around the legs of people in stores. One scream and I would have been taken to the car and lectured on my behavior. Whenever I was rude in public, I was made to apologize; my parents didn't do it for me. These embarrassing moments didn't harm me; rather, they caused me to become aware that there were others inhabiting this world besides myself and my actions affected them.7 I have yet to receive an apology from a child who just ran over my foot while chasing a sibling, and only half the time have the parents apologized. Often they simply gather upthe children, making no eye contact, and take them to another part of the store to run around. If a child isn't made to deal with a minor situation, how will one ever handle a major faux pa& (which we all inevitably commit at some point)?8 I have noticed that children are not even being schooled in social graces. At a Sunday brunch, a clown was making balloon animals for the children. My friend's daughter, Sarah, stood by me waiting her turn'. One by one the children grabbed their balloons and yes ran.I was the only adult present who prompted "What do you say?" when the clown handed Sarah her balloon. The clown beamed at us, grateful he had actually been acknowledged.9 I don't blame the children, however. They emulate what they see. And what they are seeing is a society focused solely on acquisition be it the dream house or another drink in a restaurant or a space on a crowded freeway without ever stopping to thank the source.10 Rude language is now so commonplace that it is accepted behavior. And I'm not talking about the obviously blue vocabulary in books and movies, or that damn is considered harmless compared to what else has become acceptable. I'm referring to inconsiderate word choice. For example, while discussing a story idea with an editor, a very young staff member asked if I was the "chick" who had called for information. I said nothing, knowing that a show of displeasure would have labeled me oversensitive rather than him rude.11 Most people today feel proud to have built a society that treats the races, sexes, and economic classes more equally than ever before. And, yes, we have made real strides in these areas. But isn't it ironic that these same people don't find it necessary to say "Excuse me" to an older couple walking very slowly in front of them, before zooming around the couple?12 It's not necessary to provide yet another analysis of the disintegration of the family or the breakdown of the social fabric or the price of democracy to explain what hashappened to our society. The matter at hand is simply to thank the next person who provides a helping hand when needed.13 In a crowded world, manners are of vital importance. Small, friendly human interactions help ease the everyday stress of having to hurry, trying to squeeze onto a crowded thoroughfare, standing in one more line to deal with a clerk of some kind, or calling a customer service representative for the third time about a mistake on a bill. Manners make us aware that everything we have derives from a source. Are we really so pressured that we cannot stop to observe simple courtesy?(991 words)Time taken: ______ minutesProper NameSarah(女子名)萨拉New Wordsacknowledgev. show thanks for 就……表示谢意，致谢e.g. He acknowledged the applause with a small bow.acquisitionn. the act of getting land, power, money, etc. 获取e.g. The acquisition of the property took months.anymoreadv. any longer (一般只用于表示否定意义的上下文中）而今再也e.g. I don't like being called Theresa anymore. It's old-fashioned.brunchn. a meal that serves as both breakfast and lunch 早午餐bundlen. a group of things such as papers, clothes, or sticks that are fastened or tied together 捆，束，包e.g. He gathered the bundles of clothing into his arms.buzzv.1) be filled with a lot of excitement or activity 充满了激动或活动的声音e.g. The narrow streets in the area buzzed with stories of the killers.2) talk quietly at the same time 发出低沉、嘈杂的声音e.g. The audience buzzed throughout the performance.chasev. quickly follow someone or something trying to catch them 追逐，追赶e.g. Outside in the yard, kids were yelling and chasing each other.chickn. American slang for a young woman (偶)少女，少妇chivalrousadj. (esp. of men) marked by bravery, honor, generosity, and good manners (esp. toward women) (男人) 有骑士风度的clichén. an expression that is used too often and has lost most of its meaning陈词滥调clownn. a performer, especially in the circus, who dresses strangely and tries to make peoplelaugh by his jokes, tricks or actions 小丑commonplaceadj. ordinary; not regarded as special or unusual 普通的，不足为奇的e.g. A few years ago it was quite rare to see women unaccompanied by men in a pub, now it's commonplace.courtesyn. polite behavior; a polite or kind action or expression 有礼的举止或言辞e.g. The student replied with promptness and courtesy.democracyn. social equality and the right to take part in decision-making 民主e.g. Democracy is spreading around the world in various forms.destinedadj. certain to happen at some time in the future 命中注定的e.g. He feels that he was destined to become a musician.disintegration*n. the state of becoming weaker or less united and being gradually destroyed 解体，瓦解emulatev. try to be like someone else, because you admire them 仿效e.g. People often try to emulate their favorite pop singers or movie stars.fabricn.1) a framework or structure 组构，组织e.g. He said the fabric of society was threatened by groups of criminals involved withdrugs, violence and robbery.2) material or cloth made by weaving threads together 织物,（纺）织品e.g. My shirt is made of cotton fabric.freewayn. (AmE) a very wide road built for fast long-distance travel 高速公路，高速干道indicationn. a sign of something; something that is suggested 象征，迹象e. g. This was a clear indication that they were in financial difficulty.inevitably*adv. unavoidably 不可避免地e.g. An organization of this size inevitably has problems.ironic*adj. full of irony 讽刺的，有讽刺意味的e.g. How ironic that he should have been invited to play for the English team on the very day that he broke his leg.ladenadj. heavily loaded with something 装满的，充满的e.g. She arrived back home laden with shopping bags.oversensitive*adj. too easily influenced or offended 过分敏感的，神经过敏的siblingn. a brother or sister 兄弟（或姐妹）, 同胞squeezev.1) fit by forcing, pressing or crowding挤人，挤过，塞e.g. Anne squeezed herself into the crowded elevator.2) press firmly together, especially from opposite sides 压，挤，榨e.g. She squeezed the tube hard and the last of the tooth paste came out.striden.1) an improvement in a situation or in the development of something 进展，进步e.g. We've made great strides in medical technology this century.2) a long step 大步，步幅e.g. With every stride, runners hit the ground with up to five times their body-weight.v. walk quickly with long steps 阔步行进，大踏步走e. g. He came striding along the path, with his gun over his shoulder.takeout(AmE)adj. intended to be taken from the point of sale and consumed elsewhere 供顾客带出外吃的.n. food made to be taken out 外卖的食物thoroughfaren. the main road through place such as a city or town 大街，大道Phrases and Expressionsat handnear in time or space 近在手边，附近；即将到来e.g. I picked up a book that happened to lie at hand and read a few pages.disk upput into and/ or serve in a dish as food 把（食物）装盘，盛在盘中端上（饭菜）e.g. I will dish up the first course.gather upbring together into one group, collection, or place 使聚集，收拢，集拢e.g. She watched Willie gather up the papers and stuff them carelessly in his pocket.give-and-takethe practice of making mutual concessions; willingness to compromise 互相让步，互相迁就e.g. You can't always insist on your own way—there has to be some give-and-take.help (someone) outgive help and support to someone who has problems 帮助某人（尢指摆脱困境或危难）e.g. I) I helped out with the secretarial work.II) I think her colleagues did help her out on that occasion.lecture onscold or warn, especially at some length 训斥，告诫e.g. She lectured her children on good table manners.much lesseven less likely 更谈不上e.g. Jack can hardly understand arithmetic, much less geometry.no doubtalmost certainly; very probably 肯定地，想必e.g. 1 ) You've all no doubt heard the news.II) No doubt I learned a lot from that lecture.run aroundrun excitedly and randomly within a particular area 在……四处奔跑e.g. We need a large garden, where the kids can run around freely.run overmake one's way quickly over 在……上跑过，撞倒e.g. We almost ran over a fox that was crossing the road.step asidewalk to one side 走开一点，让开一点e.g. The crowd stepped aside to let the chairman pass.UNIT 3 Business StrategiesIN-CLASS READINGBusiness Lessons from the Rain ForestTakashi Kiuchi1 The environment and the emerging information economy are two issues most vital to the future of my business, and perhaps the world. To me, these topics seem intimately linked. Perhaps this is partly because I work for Mitsubishi Electric, an electronics company, and I see our impacts on the environment. But my most important lessons about the link among business, the environment, and the economy did not come from my company. I learned them in the forest.2 On my trip to Asia, I visited the Malaysian rain forest. What I learned changed my life asa corporate executive.3 I learned that saving the rain forests in fact, saving the environment is more than an environmental necessity. It is a business opportunity. In our case, it is an opportunity to pursue business opportunities that use creativity and technology to substitute for trees, for resources of any kind.4 I learned something else in the rain forest, too, something more profound. I learned how we might operate our company not just to save the rain forest, but to be more like the rain forest.5 To be agile and creative, we must structure our company so that we are a learning organization. Not top-down, but bottom-up. Not centralized, but decentralized. Not limited by rules, but motivated by objectives. Not structured like a machine which cannot learn but like a living system, which can.6 When I visited the rain forest, I realized that it was a model of the perfect learning organization, a place that excels by learning to adapt to what it doesn't have. A rain forest has almost no resources. The soil is thin. There are few nutrients. It consumes almost nothing. Wastes are food. Design is capital. So my model for Mitsubishi Electric is an organization that is like a rain forest in those respects.7 Rain forests have no productive assets, yet they are incredibly productive. They are home to millions of types of plants and animals more than two-thirds of all biodiversity in the world. Those plants and animals are so perfectly mixed that the system is more efficient, and more creative, than any business in the world.8 If we ran our companies like the rain forest, imagine how creative, how productive, how ecologically benign we could be. We can begin by operating less like a machine and more like a living system. At Mitsubishi Electric, we have begun to adopt an environmental management system founded on principles of industrial ecology. For us, this means twothings: First, we must have our eyes wide open and see the environmental costs and benefits of our business. Second, based on what we see, we must take action:See costs and reduce them. See benefits and increase them. See needs and fill them.9 When I visited the rain forest, I realized that, as business people, we have been looking at the rain forest all wrong. What is valuable about the rain forest is not the trees, which we can take out. What is valuable is the design, the relationships, from which comes the real value of the forest. When we take trees from the forest, we can ruin its design. But when we take lessons from the forest, we further its purpose. We can develop the human ecosystem into as intricate and creative a system as we find in the rain forest. We can do more with less; grow without shrinking.10 While the rain forest has many design principles, let's discuss three:11 Differentiate. Be yourself, be unique. In the rain forest, conformity leads to extinction. If two organisms have the same niche, only one survives. The other adapts or dies. 12 The same thing happens in today's economy. If two businesses have the same niche, making exactly the same product, only one survives. The other adapts or dies. Most companies today are trying to be the one that survives by cutting costs, radically downsizing, desperately seeking the lowest cost.13 It's smarter to differentiate. Create unique products, different from any others. Fill unique niches. Don't kill our competitors or be killed by them sidestep them instead. Only then is it time to reduce costs and grow more efficient.14 Cooperate. Today, many people think competitiveness is the key to business success, but such thinking is out of date. Today, as we grow different, we learn that none of us is whole. We need each other to fill in our gaps. For example, at my company, we no longer look to grow bigger simply by acquiring more and more companies as subsidiaries. Instead, we are engaging in cooperative joint ventures with many others. Each companyretains its independence, its specialty, and its core competence. Together we benefit from our diversity.15 Be a good fit. We used to say only the fittest survives; only one can be the winner. But the rain forest has many winners.16 The same can be true in our economy. In this new, diverse, rain-forest economy, it is not a question of who is most fit. It is a question of where we best fit. If we fit if we solve a social problem, fulfill a social need we will survive and excel. If we only create problems, we will not.17 I am often asked whether the needs of the corporation and the needs of the environment are in conflict. I do not believe they are. In the long run, they cannot be.18 Conventional wisdom is that the highest mission of a corporation is to maximize profits and return to shareholders. That is a myth. It has never been true. Profit is just money a medium of exchange. You always trade it for something else. So profits are not an end; they are a means to an end.19 My philosophy is this: We don't run our business to earn profits. We earn profits to run our business. Our business has meaning and purpose a reason to be here.20 People talk today about business needing to be socially responsible, as if this is something new we need to do, on top of everything else we do. But social responsibility is not something that one should do as an extra benefit of the business. The whole essence of the business should be social responsibility. It must live for a purpose. Otherwise, why should it live at all?21 What I learned from the rain forest is easy to understand. We can use less and have more. It is the only way, for the interests of business and the interests of the environment are not incompatible.(1102 words)Time taken: _______ minutesProper NamesMalaysianadj. 马来西亚的Mitsubishi Electric日本三菱电气公司Takashi Kiuchi(日本男子名)木内孝New Wordsagileadj. active, lively, think quickly 灵活的，（才思）敏捷的e.g. The agile monkey swung from branch to branch.biodiversityn. biological diversity in an environment as indicated by numbers of different species of plants and animals 生物品种competencen. the ability and skill to do what is needed 能力，技能e.g. I'm only worried about his attitude to the job: his competence is not in question.conformity *n. agreement with established rules, customs, etc. 一致，顺从e.g. Excessive conformity is usually caused by fear of disapproval . conventionaladj. following what is traditional or considered to be normal 传统的，符合习俗的e.g. The house was built with conventional materials but in a totally new style.cooperatev. work with somebody else to achieve something 合作，协作，配合e.g. I ) Our company is cooperating with a Danish firm on this project. II) The art department cooperated with the editorial department to produce the book.coren.1) the central or most important part of something 核心，要点e.g. The basic lack of government funding is at the core of the problem.2) the hard center of certain fruits, containing seeds 果心，核e.g. She finished her apple and threw the core away.differentiatev.1) make or become different in the process of growth or development （使）变异e.g. The cells differentiate into a wide variety of cell types.2) to see or express a difference (between) 区分，区别e.g. A child may not differentiate between his imagination and the real world.diversity *n. the condition of being different or having differences 差异，多样性e.g. Newspapers were obliged to allow a diversity of views to be printed.downsize *v. to make a business or industry smaller 缩减，削减e.g. I ) The company will have to downsize to cut costs.II) American manufacturing organizations have been downsizing their factories.ecologically *adv. from the point of view of ecology 从生态学的观点看e.g. Ecologically, the new dam (大坝) has been a disaster.ecologyn. the pattern and balance of relationships between plants, animals, people, and the environment in that place 生态e.g. The oil spill caused terrible damage to the fragile （脆弱的）ecology of the coastline.ecosystem *n. all the plants and animals that live in a particular area together with the complex relationship that exists between them and their environment 生态系统electronicsn.1) electronic devices and equipment 电子器件e.g. All the electronics are housed in a waterproof box.2) a branch of physics that deals with the emission, behavior and effects of electrons and with electronic devices 电子学，电子技术e.g. The field of modern electronics has grown rapidly.extinction *n. a situation in which a particular kind of animal, plant, etc. no longer exists 消灭；灭绝e.g. There are many animals in danger of extinction.incompatible *adj. unable to exist together in harmony 不相容的，不协调的，不相配的e.g. I ) I don't think either of them was to blame: they were just incompatible.II) His behavior has been incompatible with his role as head of the state.objectiven. an aim that you are trying to achieve 目的，目标e.g. The main objective of this policy is to reduce unemployment, adj. not influenced by one's own personal feelings, based only on facts 客观的，不带偏见的e.g. I ) Please try to give an objective report of what happened.。
全新版《大学英语》综合教程5 1-6单元课后翻译
全新版《大学英语》综合教程5 1-6单元课后翻译Unit 1 Love of Reading我的祖母不识字，可是她有一箩筐的神话和传奇故事。
小时候我总是缠着她，要她给我讲故事。
而她在忙完家务后，总会把我抱在膝上，一边讲故事一边有节奏地晃动我。
这些故事加上她丰富的表情，深深地吸引住了我。
我父母发现了我对故事的浓厚兴趣，不失时机地引导我进行阅读。
他们给我买了许多带插图的故事书，有空的时候就一遍遍地读给我听。
慢慢地我认识了很多字，能自行阅读了。
直到今天，我还要感谢祖母和双亲。
没有他们，我今天不可能成为一名作家。
Although my grandmother was illiterate, she had a good stack of myths and legends. When I was young I gave her no peace, constantly asking her to tell me stories. After she had finished her housework, she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories, all the while rocking me in rhythm. These stories and her expressive face appealed profoundly to me.Having noticed my interest in stories, my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading. They bought many storybooks with illustrations, and whenever free, they would read these stories to me over and over again. By and by I had a vocabulary large to read on my own.Today, I still live in gratitude to my grandmother and my parents. Without them, I could never have become a writer.Unit 2 Diet一项又一项的研究发现，食物和一些慢性病之间有密切关系。
新编大学英语第二版第五册课文翻译及课后答案
新编大学英语第二版第五册第二课练习答案
Post-Reading 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text
2
1) Introduction: (Para.1) A homeless man expresses thanks to a man holding the door for him Setting: a local restaurant Characters: shoppers, families and students Situation: the coming and leaving of a homeless man 2) Main Body (Para.2-11) There’s a lack of good manners in today’s world. Supporting evidence: AAt the restaurant, no one thanked the people providing the service; (Para.2) BWomen hardly show their gratefulness to people for their help while driving; (Para.4) CFewer men hold open doors for those behind them; (Para.4) DVery often parents do not apologize for what their children do; (Para.7) EChildren are not schooled in social graces; (Para.8) FRude language is so commonplace that it is accepted behavior. (Para.10) 3) Conclusion (Para.12-13) The importance of manners: In a crowded world, being polite to each other helps ease our daily stress. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) B 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) C 6) C 7) B
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程5-Unit-6课后答案及课文翻译
全新版⼤学英语（第⼆版）综合教程5-Unit-6课后答案及课⽂翻译Unit6 Grant and Lee格兰特和李1865年4⽉9⽇，当尤利西兹·S·格兰特和罗伯特·E·李在弗吉尼亚州阿珀马特科斯县城⼀所不太⼤的房⼦的客厅⾥会⾯，商讨李所率的北弗吉尼亚军队投降条件时，美国⼈⽣活中⼀个伟⼤的篇章结束了，⼀个崭新的重要篇章开始了。
此⼆⼈是在实质上终⽌内战。
诚然，其他军队尚未投降，已失去主要⽀柱的逃亡的邦联政府仍将绝望地徒然挣扎数⽇，想法寻觅⽣机。
其实，在格兰特和李签署⽂件之时，⼀切都已结束。
他们拟定投降条件时⽤的那间⼩客厅成了见证美国史上强烈的戏剧性对照的场所。
这两位截然不同的将军都是强有⼒的⼈物，他们代表着两股相互冲突的⼒量的潮流，那两股潮流通过他们最终发⽣碰撞。
罗伯特·E·李所仰仗的信念是，古⽼的贵族观念或许能以某种⽅式继续存在下去，并左右美国⼈的⽣活。
李是弗吉尼亚州沿海低地⼈⽒，他的⽣活背景是家庭、⽂化、传统……，是被移植到这个正在形成⾃⾝的传说与神话的新世界的骑⼠时代。
他体现了从骑⼠和英格兰乡绅时代流传下来的⼀种⽣活⽅式。
美国是个⼀切从头开始的国度，信奉的只不过是⼀种颇为模糊的信念，即⼈⼈拥有平等的权利，在世间应有平等的机会，如此⽽已。
在这样⼀个国度⾥，李代表着这样⼀种情感，即社会结构中保留⼀种明显的不平等多少有利于⼈类社会。
理应存在⼀个拥有⼟地的有闲阶级；反过来，社会本⾝应以⼟地为本，视其为财富与势⼒的主要来源。
（根据这⼀理想）这样⼀个社会会造就⼀个对社会有着强烈责任感的阶级，他们不是为⾃⼰获利活着，⽽是为了承担⾃⼰的特权所赋予的重⼤责任活着。
国家从他们中觅得领导⼈员；国家可依靠他们产⽣更加⾼尚的价值观念——思想⽅⾯的，⾏为⽅⾯的，个⼈风度⽅⾯的—以求国兴德盛。
李体现了这⼀贵族理想的最⾼尚的部分。
拥有⼟地的贵族通过他获得存在的理由。