2021刘晓燕考研英语语法长难句笔记(并列句)
一、What is 并列句二、连词（一）平行（二）转折（三）选择（四）递进（五）因果三、逻辑关系词（一）平行（二）转折（三）选择（四）递进（五）因果四、分析（一）长难句分析：（二）分析长难句步骤一、What is 并列句用连词连接两个句子I love you, you love that dog.→I love you. you love that dog.→I loving you, you love that dog.→I love you, but you love that dog.→Although I love you, you love that dog.二、连词（一）平行and, not only...but also（二）转折but, yet, while, whereas（三）选择or（四）递进then（五）因果for, so三、逻辑关系词逻辑关系词：连词、副词、介词、介词短语试译：有朋自远方来不亦乐乎There exist a train of companies coming from the distance so I become more than delighted.→There exist a train of companies comin g from the distance. as a consequence, I become more than delighted.→There exist a train of companies coming from the distance, and as a consequence, I become more than delighted.连词和其它逻辑关系词的区别在于，连词的前面要么用逗号要么没有标点符号；而其他的逻辑关系词前面要么用句号要么加连词and（一）平行equally, likewise, similarly, at the same time, in the meanwhile（二）转折however, nevertheless, conversely, unexpectedly, on the contrary, by contrast （三）选择alternatively（四）递进besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, subsequently（五）因果thus, therefore, as a consequence/result, consequently你还记得那天吗，我没有通过四级考试，一个人在雨中哭泣，你走过来拍拍我的肩膀告诉我人生没有终点Do you still keep the day in mind? I failed to pass CET4, and consequently, I shed tears alone in the rain. At the same time, you came up to me then beat my shoulder, telling me "there exists no destination in life".四、分析（一）长难句分析：●I was beaten and he只要见到有并列连词的出现通常都会有省略，翻译的时候先把省略的部分补充上后再做翻译●那如何查找省略的内容呢？一句话只要有省略，就一定会省略在连词后而不是连词前。
所以连词后面有的成分连词前面通常都有（如果连词后只有一个成分，连词前一定能找到它的对应成分；如果连词后有多个成分的话，连词前不一定都能找到它们的对应成分，但是至少能找到一个对应成分）连词前面有而连词后面没有的成分便是省略的内容（二）分析长难句步骤动词-连词（当连词连接两个名词时忽略）-定语-状语例句一：●Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized controland hence the help of scientists such as economists and operational researchexperts.●this（主语）requires（谓语）varying measures（宾语）the help（名词）of specialized（定语）●and+n+定；varying measures—the help；of centralized control—of specialized scientists●目前，这需要集中控制各种各样的措施所以这也需要专家的帮助比如说经济学家和操作研究专家（运筹学家）例句二：●The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are morelikely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends,and pursuedromantically.●suggest, are（一定是动词）; sought , pursued（可能是动词过去式或非动词即过去分词）The data（主语）suggest（谓语）that从句（宾语）physically attractive individuals（宾从主语）are（宾从谓语）more...romantically（宾从表语）●and+ved+adv（副词只能做状语）treated—sought out—pursued；well by their parents（adv+介短）—as friends（介词短语不能做宾语）—romantically （实意动词后的成分不是宾语就一定是状语）●数据表明颜值高的人更可能受到父母的宠爱，更可能交到朋友更容易受到他人的追求练习：练习一：●Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes for pictures or music was notonly a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably to the moral character.●Darwin（主语）was convinced（谓语，其中was为助动词帮助完成被动）that+句子（宾语）more probably（adv状语）to（介词）●句子长的原因：由not only，but also并列的两个句子共同充当宾语；在but also后面还有一个and并列的两个句子●and+状语+介词+名词possibly（状语）—more probablyto the intellect—to the moral character●达尔文认为失去了对于画画和音乐的爱好不但失去了快乐而且很可能对他的智商造成了伤害，并且更可能对他的道德品质也造成了伤害练习二：●It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in Californiaoptional.●据说在英国死亡很快就要来临，在加拿大死亡是不可避免的，在美国死与不死是可选择的练习三：●As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years,their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off，and with it the confidence that information will be avialable when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.●the informal flow of information（主语）is cut off（谓语）As ...relationships（状语）trustworthy and reliable（and不算连词，当连词连接两个单词的时候忽略这个连词），that information ...reliable同位语从句●and+介词短语+n+定语the informal flow—the confidenceof information—that...reliable●随着家人搬离他们稳定的社区，搬离他们多年的朋友，搬离他们的亲戚关系，这种非正式的信息流就被切断了，并且和信息流一起当需要的时候我们就能够得到这些可靠的信息的自信也随之消失了练习四：●Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to berejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.●n+of behavior（定语）+will continue（谓语）+to be rejected（宾语）and+with it（介词短语）+adv（状语）+n+to solve our problems（定语）● a technology—the only wayof behavior—to solve our problems●直到这些问题被解决，行为技术将继续的被拒绝并且和行为技术一起可能的是解决我们问题的唯一的方法也将继续被拒绝。
英语长难句结构
英语长难句结构长难句通常指的是结构复杂、信息量大、包含多个从句或复杂表达方式的英语句子。
理解长难句需要具备一定的语法知识和分析能力。
以下是一些常见的长难句结构：1. 并列句：由并列连词（如and、or、but等）连接的两个或多个简单句构成。
例如：I like apples and my sister likes oranges.2. 复合句：主句+从句。
从句可以是名词性从句（如宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句）、定语从句或状语从句。
例如：When I was young, I believed that the world was a beautiful place.（时间状语从句+主句）3. 定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句，用关系代词（who、which、that等）或关系副词（when、where等）引导。
例如：The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.（定语从句修饰名词“book”）4. 状语从句：修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句，表达时间、条件、原因等。
例如：If you study hard, you will succeed.（条件状语从句）5. 同位语从句：解释或说明名词内容的从句，用that引导。
例如：The news that the team won the game is exciting.（同位语从句解释名词“news”）6. 复杂修饰：一个句子中可能有多个从句或短语修饰同一个名词或动词，需要仔细分析。
例如：The scientist who discovered the cure for the disease was awarded a Nobel Prize.（定语从句修饰名词“scientist”）7. 被动语态：当动作的接受者是句子中的主语时，使用被动语态。
例如：The book was written by a famous author.（被动语态）8. 虚拟语气：表示与实际情况相反的情况或假设。
考研英语长难句分析3资料
that the euro zone’s economies.....will one day converge
形容词做状语
weaker or stronger
Thanks to表示原因
thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency
(4)增词法 Look into the pas 观察过去的（东西，情况，事 物，问题，景象） In evolution在进化过程里 我们要在抽象词汇的翻译上要注意翻译时根据汉 语习惯增加表示范畴和概念的词来使得译文更加 具体和可读。 如：问题，情况，状态，关系，东西，过程、结 果等。
• 3、第三类：考察具体的句型的翻译方法。
在分析句子的时候，先抓住句子的主干， 就可以掌握本句的主要意思。然后再去分 析其他的修饰成分，修饰成分包含：定语、 状语、补语，以及插入语。
举例：Actually it isn‘t,// because it assumes// that there is an agreed account of human rights, //which is something //the world does not have. 结构分析：句子主干是Actually it isn’t…。主句很简单，而 because引导的原因状语从句中，又有一个that引导的宾语从 句。这个从句中，主语an agreed account of human rights由 一个which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰，而这个非限制性定 语从句中又有一个限制性定语从句the world does not have来 修饰something。
表达不通顺：
考研英语长难句阅读 100句
But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look in the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察 到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到 的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
（二）单独成句
当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂， 意义较为繁杂的时候，如果把它翻译在其 修饰的先行词的前面的话，会显得定语太 过于臃肿和复杂，而无法让评卷老师看的 清清楚楚，明明白白。所以这个时候我们 要把定语从句单独翻译出来, 放置于原来它 所修饰的词的后面当定语。
解决方法：从结构入手
五大基本句型： ①主+谓 I simled. ②主+谓+宾 I like you. ③主+谓+间宾+直宾 I give you my heart. ④主+谓+宾+宾补 You make me crazy. ⑤主+系+表 You are so pretty.
我们在分析句子的时候，先抓住句子的主 干，就可以掌握本句的主要意思。然后再 去分析其他的修饰成分，修饰成分包含： 定语、状语、补语，以及插入语。 Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 参考译文：多年以来，本身作为一个根本 革新源泉的工具和技术 在很大程度上已经 被历史学家和科学哲学家所忽视。
考研英语长难句阅读-100句ppt课件
在整堂课的教学中，刘教师总是让学 生带着 问题来 学习， 而问题 的设置 具有一 定的梯 度，由 浅入深 ，所提 出的问 题也很 明确
3.多重后置定语——后浪推前浪
the insights of great men of genius the evidence from experience concerning comparative
位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。
例：Those who are willing to attend the party , sign
your names here please.
在整堂课的教学中，刘教师总是让学 生带着 问题来 学习， 而问题 的设置 具有一 定的梯 度，由 浅入深 ，所提 出的问 题也很 明确
定语的翻译方法
（一）前置定语——直来直去
ordinary things 普通的东西（事物）形容词 作定语
scientific revolution 科技革命，形容词作定语
Driving force 驱动力
现在分词作定语
在整堂课的教学中，刘教师总是让学 生带着 问题来 学习， 而问题 的设置 具有一 定的梯 度，由 浅入深 ，所提 出的问 题也很 明确
Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察 到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到 的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译o
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. In other words , there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.结构：•In other words , there is [谓] a conventional story line [主] in the newsroom culture [状]•定语从句：that provides [谓] a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure [宾] for otherwise confusing news [状] .单词：conventional a.传统的常见的惯例的符合习俗的Story n.叙述新闻报道情况史话Line n.方针原则方法概况思路newsroom n.新闻编辑部Backbone n.主干支柱脊骨骨气Ready-made a.现成的做好的陈旧的平凡的Narrative n.故事叙事记叙Otherwise ad.否则除此之外以不同方式相反Confuse vt.使混乱迷惑混淆困惑复杂化词组：In other words 换句话说直译：换句话说，在新闻编辑部文化中有一个传统的新闻报道方针。
它提供了一个框架和一个现成的叙事结构，给复杂的新闻解析：•There be句型是全部倒装，真正的主语在后面•that引导定语从句修饰story line 并在句子中做主语译文：换句话说，在新闻编辑部文化中有一个传统的新闻报道方针。
这个方针给复杂的新闻提供了一个主干框架和一个现成的叙事结构重点：•Story n.叙述新闻报道情况史话•Line n.方针原则方法概况思路•There be句型是全部倒装，真正的主语在后面•that引导定语从句修饰story line 并在句子中做主语2. There exists a social culture disconnect between journalists and their readers , which helps explain why the “ standard templates ”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers .结构：•There [主] exists [谓] a social and culture disconnect [宾] between journalists and their readers ,•定语从句：which helps explain [谓]•宾语从句：why the “ standard templates ”of the newsroom seem [谓] alien to many readers [表] .单词：Disconnect vt.断开切断供应是分离Alien n.外星人外国人a.外国的陌生的vt.转让词组：Alien to 不相容的与...相反陌生的直译：在新闻记者和读者之间存在社会和文化上的脱节，这也有助于解释了为什么新闻编辑部的标准模式似乎对很多读者来说是不相容的。
考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版perfect
考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版1、It doesn't matter if the guy is perfect or the girl is perfect, as long as they are perfect for each other.那个小伙子是否完美，或者那个姑娘是否完美都不重要，只要他们能珠联璧合。
2、If you have great talents, industry will improve them; if you have but moderate abilities, industry will supply their deficiency.如果你很有天赋，勤勉会使其更加完善；如果你能力一般，勤勉会补足其缺陷。
3、It’s not the hours you put in your work that counts, it’s the work you put in the hours.工作效益不在于时间长短，而在于真正做了什么。
4、The man who has made up his mind to win will never say‘impossible.'下决心取得胜利的人绝不会说『不可能』。
5、The more things you do, the more you can do.做的愈多，你会做的就愈多。
6、Enjoy your own life without comparing it with that of another.享受自己的生活，不要和别人比较。
7、Those who can imagine anything, can create the impossible.能够想像任何事的人，可以创造不可能。
8、A lie may take care of the present, but it has no future.说谎可以解决眼前的问题，但它没有未来。
语法讲义--长难句分析完整版
I don’t think people are capable of that anymore. (2016, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
断开长难句 – 考场攻略 攻略 1：先找从句，但先看主句
攻略 2：不要纠结从句
… when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. (2015, Translation)
On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. (2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
断开长难句： 标点/连接词 – 练习 Twenty‐seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty‐seven were told only that some were electrified. (2018, Use of English)
(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after பைடு நூலகம்e has turned it on. (英语一, 2012, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版yields
考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版1、This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。
since引导原因状语从句。
此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。
在定语从句中，that做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields是状语），possible做宾语补足语。
this指代前句中提到的这种困境。
energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。
译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
2、Thus，a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories.结构分析：句子的框架是a regularity…will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity…。
考研英语长难句经典200句解析
1．Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It‟s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”结构分析：本句的主干是elders used to say…。
直接引语中是主系表结构, 注意not…but 结构。
参考译文：出言谨慎的长辈们过去常说，“问题不是你在这个世界上想要什么，而是你能得到什么。
”2．You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.结构分析：这句话是and连接的两个并列句。
在第一个分句中，as是连词，引导比较状语从句，把a mental blueprint of a desire和a blueprint of a house相比较。
第二个分句中的主干结构是：each of us is…making blueprints…。
第二个分句中用一般进行时表示经常发生的事情。
这样的结构常常用来表达经常发生的令人不快的、令人讨厌的事情。
参考译文：你可以在脑子里为你的愿望画一幅蓝图，就象给房子画蓝图那样。
实际上，在日常生活中，我们每一个人都在不断地描绘着这些蓝图。
3．While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.结构分析：and 连接两个并列句。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析just as引导方式状从
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析just as引导方式状从In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well, just as a book that is capable of increasing our understanding can also be read purely for the information it contains. （This proposition cannot be reversed: it is not true that every book that can be read for entertainment can also be read for understanding.）【翻译】实际上任何一本为了理解或者是为了信息而阅读的书也都可以为了娱乐而阅读。
正如一本能够增进理解力的书也可以纯粹用来为它所包含的信息而阅读一样。
（这个命题是无法逆转的，也就是说，我们不能说，任何一本用来娱乐的书，也可以用来增进理解力。
）【语法分析】第一句是一个主从复合句。
它的主干是any book can be read for entertainment.that can be read for understanding or information是定语从句，修饰先行词book.as well的意思是“也”，表示追加，作状语。
它的用法可以参考系列文章的第（26）篇。
just as 引导的句子是方式状语从句，just as是连词，意思是“正如......”方式状语从句表示的是主句里的谓语动词表示的动作发出时的状态或方式。
再如: He treated her as if she were his sister（他对待她的样子，似乎她是他的妹妹。