高考必考语法精讲精练专题五：形容词和副词-Word版含解析

高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题五：形容词与副词 形容词、副词是非常重要的词，是高考必考内容。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对形容词和副词考查都列了两项：①形容词（比较级和最高级）②副词（比较级和最高级）。纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：形容词和副词的语义辨析，形容词与副词的相互转换，形容词和副词的等级。 2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第69题（语法填空）考查了形容词regular变成副词regularly；第76题（短文改错）考查了副词seriously变成形容词serious。此外，完形填空中第44、第48、第50、第53、第57和第60题都是考查形容词或副词在具体语境中的词义。 2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第63题（语法填空）考查了形容词official变为副词officially；第75题考查了形容词honest变为名词honesty。此外，完型填空第52题还考查了quiet、still、away与calm的辨析。 2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第66题（语法填空）考查了形容词bad变成比较级worse；第69题（语法填空）考查了care变成形容词careful；第78题（短文改错）考查了副词late变成later；第79题（短文改错）考查了副词suddenly改为形容词sudden。此外，完型填空第54、第58和60题都是考查形容词或副词在具体语境中的词义。 I.形容词、副词的等级 (一)形容词/副词的比较级和最高级构成 1．规则形容词级的构成规则如下表：

单音节词 er和est型 构成规则 原级 比较级 最高级 一般在词末加-er和-est tall great hard taller greater harder tallest greatest hardest 以e结尾的只加-r和-st nice large nicer larger nicest

largest 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加-er,-est dry drier driest

闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er,-est

big thin hot bigger thinner hotter biggest thinnest hottest

双音节词

er和est型 少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble, -ple结尾的双音节单词，方法同单音节词

happy simple clever narrow happier simpler cleverer narrower happiest simplest cleverest narrowest

more和most型 其他的在前面加more,most分别构成比较级和最高级

careful useful quickly more careful more useful more quickly most careful

most useful most quickly 多音节词 more和most型 在其前面加more和most difficult beautiful more difficult more beautiful most difficult

most beautiful

2.不规则形容词的级的构成: 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst

many/much more most

little less least far farther farthest further furthest

old older oldest elder eldest 3.形容词、副词递减的比较等级的构成 ★★在形容词、副词前加less和least，表示“较不”和“最不”: interesting有趣的less interesting较无趣的least interesting最无趣的 important重要的 less important较不重要的 least important最不重要的 ★★有些形容词可以加er及est或前面加上more / most来形成比较级和最高级polite – politer 或more polite – politest 或most polite ，这类词还有quiet，handsome，pleasant，common，exact等. II.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·形容词与副词 考点规律分析：短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等，另外，用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如 in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。语法填空主要涉及形容词与副词之间以及形容词、副词与其他词类之间的互换，形容词与副词的比较等级等。 形容词与副词单句改错之真题训练： 1. After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. 2. However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. 3. Last Sunday, police cars hurried to the taller building in New York. 4. As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. 5. People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. 6. In some places you may borrow many books as you want. 7. I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. 8. I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. 9. First, let me tell you something more about myself. 10. I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. 11.Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. 12. Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. 13. I think I liked those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. 14. After learning the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me. 15.Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 16. She called 119 immediate. 17. For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four o’clock in the morning. 18.But he is difference now. 19. The time passes quick. 20. …although radios can be very noise. 21. …all planned and written by grown-ups to make children want things that they don’t real need. 22. But one of the best players in our team told me just then that he wouldn’t play basketball any more. 23. But one of the best players in our team told me just now that he wouldn’t play basketball once more. 24.I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 25. Finding information on the net is easily. 26.Yes, a concert can be very excited. 27. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. 形容词与副词单句改错之模拟训练： 1. I’ll try to be more carefully next time. 2. China is much more bigger than the United States. 3.There are few boys than girls in our class. 4. He says that skiing is much exciting than skating. 5. The more money you make, the most you spend. 6. She found someone was following her, so she felt frightening. 7.It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself. 8. In fact, we finished the work without any difficult. 9. Look at the asleep boy. How lovely! 10. The fish tastes well; why not have a try? 11.Last week was very rain. I didn’t go out the whole week. 12. The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west. 13.I promise to return back before 10. 14. The book contains much use information. It’s well worth reading. 15. This is quite far the mostly expensive bicycle in the shop. 16. The workers warm welcomed us at their offices. 17.Oh, it’s simply wonderfully to see you here! 18.She is in more health now than she was last year. 形容词与副词单句改错之提升训练： A级 1. The door was widely open. 2. I'll help you as more as I can. 3. He is as taller a fellow as his elder brother. 4. Mike didn't speak clear so we couldn't understand him. 5. John swims better than I, but he doesn't swim as good as my brother. 6. He works hardly. 7. He runs very fastly. 8. Harry worked good here yesterday. 9. He was deep moved by what she said. 10. A plane is flying highly in the sky. B级 1. Don't make any changes till farther notice. 2. It's colder in Tianjin than in Beijing, though Tianjin is further to the south and nearer to the sea. 3. I'll try and be much careful in future. 4. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining hardly.