国际商务英语Chapter 2-1
商务英语阅读(第二版)参考译文 王关富编
Chapter 1 Why China Works中国是今年唯一呈现出重大发展的主要经济体（economy），由于它通常是唯一敢于打破经济教科书中每一条例的经济体。
事实上，中国不像其他五大经济体那样发展缓慢的主要原因是，它宏观调控的能力（its capacity for macro-economic control）。
为什么中国市场经济体系奏效？（market economic system）目前，欧美等国正通过银行及汽车业国有化及金融业实施新的有力规定（regulations），走向宏观调控。
但问题更加紧迫（the question has a new urgency）。
中国看上去最能驾驭（navigate）七十年内最糟的经济滑坡（downturn）。
在危机中，中国官员既能吸取像西方同行（counterparts）的传统市场工具，也能吸取中国市场经济体系的积累经验（arsenal）。
去年早期，由于房地产市场（housing market）过热，中国官员仅命令银行削减房贷（cut back on housing loans），然后随着房屋销售量下降（fall），他们提供类似更低的房屋购置税（lower taxes on home purchases）。
最近几周，他们展开类似西方的经济救援行动（launch economic rescue efforts），其中包括价值6000亿的大计划以增加政府开支和大幅利率削减（ramp up government spending）（big interests cuts）。
但同时，他们也发布在西方国家眼里是不合理的干涉的命令，例如，上周中国官员召集包括钢铁建筑等行业的国有行业并购（buy up）国内外新资产（at home and abroad）以积极（actively）发挥在经济中的作用。
曾把中国宏观调控视为不成熟经济的弊病（immature economy），现在是稳定的保障（bulwark of stability）。
商务英语阅读Chapter2-A-Changed-Global-Reality-世界经济格局新变化
Chapter2 A Changed Global Reality 世界经济格局新变化Say this for the young century: we live in interesting times. Not quite 2 1⁄2 years ago, the world economy tipped into the most severe downturn since the Great Depression in the 1930s. World trade slowed sharply. Unemployment lines grew longer, especially in the old industrial economies. Financial institutions that had seemed as solid as granite disappeared as if they were no more substantial than a bunch of flowers in the hands of an old-style magician. 对于新世纪，我们得这样说：我们生活在一个有趣的时代。
差不多两年半之前，世界经济陷入了20世纪30年代经济大萧条时期以来最惨重的低迷状态。
世界贸易进程大幅放缓。
失业队伍也越来越快，这在旧工业经济体系表现尤为突出。
原来坚如磐石的金融机构也消失了，似乎还不如老套的魔术师变的花束看起来真实。
Given that the scale of the downturn was so epochal, it should not be surprising that the nature of the recovery would likewise be the stuff of history. And it has been. As they make their way to Davos for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF) by helicopter, bus, car or train (which is the right way to do it), the members of the global economic and political elite will find themselves coming to terms with something they have never known before. 考虑到经济衰退幅度如此的跨时代，经济复苏进程会很慢也是理所当然的，对此我们不应该感到吃惊。
国际商务英语函电(第二版)翻译
Fuzhou,China
H.GWilkinsonCompanyLimited
245LombartStreet,
Lagos,Nigeria
(Registered)
ChapterII
EstablishingBusinessRelations
LessonOne
Self-Introduction
5.WeareoneoftheleadingexportersofChineseindustrialproductsandaredesirousofenteringintobusinessrelationsyou.
6.Wewillletyouknowuponreceiptofnewsupplies.
这是一个定语从句，介词加关系代词,介词放前。
similar:throughwhomweunderstandthatyouarewellexperiencedintheexportofengineeringequipmentwithservice.
Wegettoknowyourcorp.fromyourCCPITwithwhichwehavebeeningood
二.商业英语书信的格式
1.缩行式（IndentedStyle）
缩行式信函的特点：
1）信头和封内地址每逢换行时，下一行要比上一行往右缩进2－3个字母的位置；
2）日期放在信纸的右上端，签名放在中间偏右下方；
3）每一段的第一行都从左边空白边缘往右缩进3－5个字母的位置；
4）段落之间要空1－2行。
2.齐头式或平头式（BlockStyle）
Welookforwardtoyourcompliance.希望得到你方的同意。
chapter 2 business english(商务英语)
Notes
• Corporate bond • a bond or security issued by corporations • 公司债券
• 公司债券亦为公司债，是私人公司 或公众公司举借债务时使用的工具。 由发行人根据发行契约发行，为债 券持有人的债权凭证，由发行人承 担还本付息的义务。公司债期限可 短至几天或长达百年。发行人在债 券契约中必须说明资金用途、财务 状况。另外公司债还具有不免税、 有固定发行面值、在交易所上市等 特征。债券的发行通常由评信机构 给予信用评定。
Chapter 2
American Economy 美国经济
What do you know about America?
Can you describe the economic base and industrial structure of America?
What is the current situation of the American economy?
23. Edge
缓慢地移动；挪动；优势
He edged closer to the telephone, ready to grab it. 他慢慢挪向电话机，准备抓起听筒。 He is edging ahead in the opinion polls. 他在民意测验中的支持率正一点点攀升。 Through superior production techniques they were able to gain the competitive edge. 凭借先进的生产技术，他们得以占据竞争优势。
Economic Terms
• 1 retail sales零售额(... the sales volumes and revenue for the retailers including retail shops) • 2 corporate fleets旗舰式公司；大公司
商务英语函电与沟通
Chapter 1 Fundamental of Business WritingDear Mr. Barington,Thank you for your application for the post of personal assistant to our managing director. We received a large number of applicants including some from the persons with experiences in the special field of electronics in which we operate. The appointment has now been made, but as our work contin u es to expand there are likely to be other vacancies in which you may be interested. I hope you will feel able to apply to us again when they are advertised.Your sincerely,Dear Mr. Johnson,Thank you for you r lett er of 15 July enclosing the “Senator”alarm clock, receiving this morning.We find your comments on the performance of your clock very interesting and have passed to our engineers for the inspection and a report. Meanwhile, we are arranging to replace your clock with a new one, but before sending the replacement we are submitting it to a s eries of test to ensure that it is free from the fault to which you refer and in full work order. We will send it to you as soon as the tests have been completed.We apologize for the trouble and inconvenience this matter has caused you, but are confident that the replacement clock we are sending will prove satisfactory give you the service we are entitled to expect from our products.Yours sincerely,Example for the structure of a letterChapter 2 Inquiry and Reply1、quotation, to quote a price 报盘2、price-list, quotation sheet 报价单3、competitive quotation 有竞争力的报价Favorable quotation 优惠报价Lowest quotation 最低报价4、to quote at a competitive rate 报可竞争价格5、to inquire about a product (to ask for prices) 询价6、to request credit information 要求信用查询7、to place an order 下订单8、to supply from stock 现货供应9、bulk buying, bulk buyer 大宗采购10、agent代理，sole agent独家代理11、supplier 供应商12、subsidiary 子公司13、small sample 小包货样14、illustrated catalogue 附图目录15、description of article 产品说明16、quantity required 要求数量17、terms of payment, terms of shipment 付款条件，装运条件18、date of delivery 交货期19、long ton 长吨（1）Model for inquiryChapter 3 Offer and Counter-offer (1) Model for counter-offer(2) Model for declining a counter-offer1. offer 报盘2. catalogue 目录3. terms and conditions 条款和条件4. C&F = cost and freight 成本运费在内价/ FOB = free on board 离岸价5. irrevocable L/C 不可撤销的信用证6. as per 按照7. to be in a position to = to be able to 有能力8. subject to 以······为条件9. out of line 不一致；in line with 一致10. we might come to terms… = close a deal 我们也许能成交······11. market is declining / weak / advancing / strong / firm / 行市下跌（上涨）12. subject article 标题商品13. for your information / reference 供你方参考14. in other direction 在其它方面15. to do better = to pay high price 出高价16. keep us posted of development at your end 随时告知贵方进展情况17. under separate cover / by separate mail / under cover 另邮，附邮18. in due course 及时地19. subject to our final confirmation 以我方最后确认为准20. confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight 保兑的、不可撤销的、凭即期汇票支付的信用证1. We are studying the offer and hope that it will keep open till the end of the month.2. We will allow you 10% discount if you purchase 5000 dozens of more.3. We are giving you a firm offer(实盘), subject to your reply getting here by 5 p.m. our time, Tuesday, July.4. You are cordially invited to take advantage of this attractive offer. We are anticipating a large order from United States, and that will cause a sharp rise in price.5. As to terms of payment, we often require a confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit payable by draft at sight.(1) Model for requesting special discount(2) Model for granting special allowance(3) Model for declining price reduction1. allow us to begin by…请允许我们以······开始2. despite the negative factors 虽然有消极因素3. every effort has been made 已经尽力了4. have been running in red for…已连续······时间赔本经营5. to share and not shift 共享而不离弃6. have reluctantly to decide to 不得不7. accept your proposal 接受贵方提议8. hurt our image with 因······而损坏形象9. may choose to switch suppliers 可能选择更换供应商10. nevertheless…rest assured…every effort…minimize the damage…请放心······努力······减少损失11. leave us in the red 负债12. qualitative advantage 质量优势13. additional cost 额外成本/附加成本14. full understanding 完全理解15. quick approval 立即批准16. to absorb increased costs 消化增加的成本17. this is to help 此举是为了有助于······18. effectively market 有效市场19. bring disorder to the market 给市场带来混乱20. foresee further deterioration 预见事件的进一步恶化1. In recognition of your difficult situation we agree to reduce the FOB prices of all models 8% effective September 1.2. Please do not ignore the fact that our new line of products is far superior to existing lines.3. We agree that continuing the current FOB price would insure maximum market penetration.4. Thus, you are asked to postpone any increase in price until sales of the new models get off the ground.5. We insist that you put off any increase for at least this fiscal year.6. It will also force our existing customers to go with other suppliers.7. Given the current reductions seen on the market, this increase cannot help but severally curtail fresh sales.8. As a result, we have no choice but to ask you to accept a 10% increase in our prices starting from April shipment.9. Therefore, we reluctantly have to announce a 10% increase in all CIF rate as of April 1.Chapter 4 Order and ConfirmationComplete and accurate information about each product or service. Such details as these: catalog, part, and style, and model numbers, descriptions of items, quantities, unit prices, and total prices. If an order is for a service, not a product, be sure to spell out in detail all the terms and conditions that pertain to it.Model1. urgent order 紧急订购2. replenish stock 补充存货3. confirming an order 确认订货4. repeat order 续订5. captioned shipment 用指定船运输6. perfect condition 完好无损7. scheduled date 即定日期8. make effective arrangement 采取有效措施9. air shipment 空运1. Thank you for the new catalog that we received recently. I would like to order the following items from it.2. We have much pleasure in placing an order with you as following:…3. We have pleasure in enclosing herewith a repeat order as follows:…4. Please take note of our order, and kindly advise us when you dispatch (发送) the goods.5. We trust that this trial will lead to more important transactions (交易).Express pleasure in being able to be of service and express optimism with respect to the processing of future orders, for example:(b) Model for placing an orderChapter 5 Payment, Shipment; Complaints and ClaimsUrging Establishment of L/C催促函在外贸业务中常用来催促对方尽快开证、发货、付款等。
Business Communication(new)商务英语学习课件
L: 4) Next Sunday afternoon,and will stay for two weeks.
R: Sunday afternoon, 5) will be September5, and leaving on September19.
Bidding farewells
Ａ：Making Reservations
Communication Knowledge
The first stage of an entire reception job is to arrange accommodations for the visitors.
右边一组由马太、达太和西门组成。三个人听了这骇人听 闻的消息后，自发地谈论起什么来，三人的手都伸向画面 的中心。
中右一组是多马、老雅各、腓力。多马伸出一个指头，好 象在问老师：“有一个人要出卖你？”和他并坐的老雅各 张开两手，作惊奇的表示：“这是多么可怕呀！”年轻的 腓力则用双手掩着胸部，似乎说：“难道在怀疑我对老师 有背叛行为吗？”
What to introduce? What is the priority? How to respond?
What to introduce?
names, positions, sth more
What is the priority?
lesser authority higher one
for my guests in my name.
R: OK. May I have your name please?
国际商务英语Chapter 2 Establishment of Business Relations
Establishment of Business Relations
III. Teaching Difficulties: ① Special structures and expressions ② Writing devices and tips IV. Teaching period needed: 2 lessons V. Teaching procedures:
＊ 建立业务关系
企业通过各种渠道找到国外客户后，须先对客户资信情况进行调查，然后考虑 选择客户与之建立业务联系。选择客户时企业必须对客户的资金、信誉、经营商 品的品种及地区范围、从业人员的人数、技术水平及拥有的业务设施、经营管理 水平、提供售后服务和市场情报的能力等进行综合分析排队，选择经营作风好、 有经营能力、对我态度友好的客户作为我们的基本客户并与之建立业务联系。 国际贸易中，买卖双方业务关系的建立，往往是由交易一方通过主动向对方写信、 发传真或E-MAIL形式进行。 一笔具体的交易往往始于出口商主动向潜在客户发 函建立业务关系。
Establishment of Business Relations
I. Introduction to Foreign Trade Negotiation 1. The four steps involved in the business negotiation Enquiry—Offer—Counter-Offer—Acceptance 2. Sequence of business negotiation
Establishment of Business Relations
II. Lead in Establishing business relations is the first step in dealing with and developing mutual trade. The business growth and broadening depends on the establishment of business relations. To establish business relations with prospective dealers is one of the vitally important measures either for a newly established firm or an old one that wishes to enlarge its business scope and turnover. To establish business relations is to know about your clients including: Financial credits, business lines and capacities, and the intention of trade contracts. In international trade, one may establish business relations with other countries or firms and companies through the following channels:
国际商务英语函电全部答案
Chapter II Establishing Business RelationsLesson OneExercisesI. Translate the following expressions:1.cotton piece goods 6.另函2.state-operated corporation ７. 供你方参考3.import and export 8. 商务参赞处4.business lines 9. 盼望5.establish business relations 10. 最新的商品目录II. Translating the following into English:1.We are informed that _______________________________________(你公司是经营化工产品的国营公司).2.We shall let you know our comments_________________________________(一俟收到你方的报价).3.We are ______________________________________(专门从事中国工艺品出口).4.We hope to _______________________________________________(与你们建立贸易关系).5.________________________________(兹航寄) three sample books.6.______________________________________________(我们已经和世界上一百多个国家的商号建立了关系) on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and exchange of needed goods.III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1.We have the pleasure of introducing ourselves to you as a state corporation specializing in the export business of canned goods, and express our desire to enter into business relations you.2.Our company is one of the import and export corporations in Shanghai commercial circle authorized by the Ministry for Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation. We have enjoyed a good reputation in the world market for a long time.3.We are one of the leading exporters of first class cotton and rayon goods and are enjoying an excellent reputation through fifty years’ business experience.4.Through the courtesy of the Chamber of Commerce in Tokyo, we have learned that you have been supplying the best quality foods all over the world.5.We are desirous of enlarging our trade in various agricultural products, but unfortunately have had no good connections in the southern part of Russia. Therefore we shall be obliged if you kindly introduce us to some of the most capable and reliable importers.IV. Translate the following sentences into English :1.承蒙外国商会介绍得知你公司的名称地址。
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quasi-pubic 半公有公司
quasi a combining form meaning ―resembling,‖ ―having some, but not all of the features of,‖ used in the formation of compound words: quasi-definition; quasi-monopoly; quasi-official; quasi-scientific. 1. He was a quasi actor. 他有点象演员。 2. In some people's view, TV series is a kind of quasiart. 在某些人看来，电视连续剧是一种准艺术。
1. proprietorship — 所有权 2. stockholder — 股东，持股人 3. partnership — 合伙企业 4. entity — 实体 5. bankruptcy — 破产 6. joint-stock company — 合股公司 7. dividend —红利，股息 8. bylaw — 附则，细则 9. treasurer — 司库，财务长 10. comptroller —主计长，总会计师
tort: n. 侵权行为 a wrongful act, not including a breach of contract or trust, that results in injury to another's person, property, reputation, or the like, and for which the injured party is entitled to compensation.
4. Limited Partnership comply with遵守 drilling钻井 deduction减免、优惠
5. Joint Stock Company unincorporatioed非公司的 shares of stock股份 formality 手续 charter注册 initial capital启动资金 outlay展示、出示 conversely相反地 transferable 可转让的 principal委托人
6. Corporations disticnt有区别的 merge合并 quasi-public半公有公司 nonprofit非赢利 closely held私募集的 municipality市政部门
7. Transnational Corportations GDP国内生产总值
Difficult meanings: 1. Introduction business partnership企业所有制 ease of formation创建的难度 legal capacity法定能力
2. Sole Proprietorship proprietary业主 stockholder股东 incur招致 tort民事侵权 entity实体 creditor债权人
liquidation: noun 1. the process of realizing upon assets and of discharging liabilities in concluding the affairs of a business, estate, etc. 2. the process of converting securities or commodities into cash. 3. the state of being liquidated: an estate in liquidation.
incorporation：noun 1. the act of incorporating or the state of being incorporated. 2. the act of forming a legal corporation.
bylaw：n. 次要法规；细则；地方法则；
stockholders are entitled to receive their dividends before common stockholders. 两者（普通股东和优先股东）最主要的区别是优先股股东可以在普 通股股东之前获取股息。 Be entitled to do … 有权做……
entitle：to give (a person or thing) a title, right, or claim to something; furnish with grounds for laying claim: His executive position entitled him to certain courtesies rarely accorded others.
wind up:上紧发条；使结束 a. to bring to a state of great tension; excite (usually used in the past participle): He was all wound up before the game. b. to bring or come to an end; conclude: to wind up a sales campaign. c. to settle or arrange in order to conclude: to wind up one's affairs. d. to become ultimately: to wind up as a country schoolteacher.
fictional: adj.
fiction: n. 3. something feigned, invented, or imagined; a made-up story: We've all heard the fiction of her being in delicate health. 4. the act of feigning, inventing, or imagining. 5. an imaginary thing or event, postulated for the purposes of argument or explanation.
（社团制定的）内部章程
1. a standing rule governing the regulation of a corporation's or society's internal affairs. 2. a subsidiary law.
5. A primary difference between the two is that ordinarily preferred
Ⅱ.Language Points (语言要点）
(Teachers should note that here we only give you some of the language points, you may add some by yourself.)
1. Businesses operate under a variety of forms of business organization. 企业以各种不同的商务机构形式来开展业务 ATTN: sentences in passive voice are more widely used in English than in Chinese. Under —据，依照， 以……为依据 e.g. Under the terms of agreement, the goods should be delivered in October.
3. General Partnership carry on经营、从事 Uniform Partnership Act合伙企业统一法案 The common law普通法（判例法） aggregation集合 fictional person虚拟人（法人） Contributing capital资本摊派 religious chariable fraternal宗教的、慈善的、 博爱的
unincorporated: 1. 无法人地位的；非特许公司的 2. 非特许自治村(或城市)的 3. 未联合的，未合并的；未被包括在内的 adjective 1. not chartered as a corporation; lacking the powers and immunities of a corporate enterprise: an unincorporated business. 2. not chartered as a self-governing village or city; lacking the tax, police, and other powers conferred by the state on incorporated towns: an unincorporated hamlet. 3. not combined into a single body or unit; not made part of; not included: Many unincorporated research notes are appended to the text of the book.
3. A general partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on, as co-owners, a business for profit. 一般合伙企业是两个或两个以上的个人以共同 所有者的身份，为从事盈利性的商业活动而组 成的组织。 1）association 社团，协会，行业组织 2）to carry on, as co-owners, a business for profit 隔离不定式（不定式与宾语之间加状语）