温度与温度计

1Temperature and Thermometers1.1TemperatureLearning objectives▪Describe what temperature is and give some examples of temperature-dependent properties.Key ideas▪____________________ is a physical quantity that measures the degree ofhotness or coldness of an object. ▪ A ____________________ is an instrument for measuring temperature. ▪A ________________________________________ of matter is a property thatchanges with temperature.1.2 Temperature scaleLearning objectives▪ Define a temperature scale.Key ideas▪The two common temperature scales are the ____________________ and the ____________________. The units are the ____________________ and ____________________ respectively.▪ In the Celsius scale,the ____________________ is the temperature of pure melting ice at onestandard atmospheric pressure.the ____________________ is the temperature of pure boiling water at onestandard atmospheric pressure. ▪Relation between Celsius temperature and Kelvin temperature: ▪The ____________________ is the lowest possible temperature of matter.Temperature thermometer thermometric propertyCelsius scale Kelvin scale degrees Celsius (°C)kelvins (K) lower fixed point upper fixed pointabsolute zeroISBN: 9789880059384©Pearson Education Asia Limited 2009 2.1温度與温度計1.1温 度學習目標▪描述甚麼是温度和舉出一些隨温度改變的物性的例子。

摘 要▪ _______________ 是一個表示物體冷熱程度的物理量。

▪ _______________ 是測量温度的工具。

▪物質的 _______________ 是一項會隨温度變化的性質。

1.2 温 標學習目標▪定義温標。

摘 要▪常用的兩種温標為 _______________ 和 _______________。

它們的單位分別是 _______________ 和 _______________ 。

▪ 在攝氏温標中，_______________ 是指在一個標準大氣壓強下純冰熔解時的温度。

_______________ 是指在一個標準大氣壓強下純水沸騰時的温度。

▪攝氏温度和開氏温度的關係：▪_______________ 是物質可達到的最低温度。

測温性質開氏温標攝氏度 (°C)開 (K)下定點絕對零度温度計温度攝氏温標上定點1.3 ThermometersLearning objectives▪ Realize the working principles and applications of various types of thermometer.Key ideas▪There are two common types of liquid-in-glass thermometers: mercury-in-glass thermometer and alcohol-in-glass thermometer.▪Liquid-in-glass thermometerISBN: 9789880059384©Pearson Education Asia Limited 2009 4.1.3 温度計學習目標▪知道各種温度計的運作原理和明白其對應的用途。

摘 要▪兩種常用的玻管液體温度計是水銀温度計和酒精温度計。

▪玻管液體温度計▪ Rotary thermometer▪Resistance thermometer▪Thermistor thermometerISBN: 9789880059384©Pearson Education Asia Limited 2009 6.▪ 轉動式温度計▪電阻温度計▪熱敏電阻温度計▪ Thermocouple thermometer▪Infrared thermometer▪Liquid crystal thermometerISBN: 9789880059384©Pearson Education Asia Limited 2009 8.▪ 熱電偶温度計▪紅外線温度計▪液晶體温度計Example 1.1A Calibrating an unmarked thermometer ( p.19)A student calibrates an unmarked liquid-in-glass thermometer and obtains the following results. temperature / °Clength of the liquid column / cm0 11 10031(a) What is the length of the liquid column when the temperature is 40°C? (b) What is the temperature measured when the length of the liquid column is16 cm?Assume the liquid expands linearly. Solution(a) Let l be the length of the liquid column.By proportion,()()()()()()()cm__________=--=--l l(b) Let θ be the temperature.By proportion,()()()()()()()C__________︒=--=--θθ11 40 0 100 0 31 11 0 16 11 31 11 100 0 19 25ISBN: 9789880059384©Pearson Education Asia Limited 2009 10.例題1.1A 校準沒有刻度的温度計 ( p.19)一名學生正在校準一枝沒有刻度的玻管液體温度計，並取得以下結果。

溫度 / °C液柱的長度 / cm0 11 10031(a) 當温度為40°C 時，液柱的長度是多少？(b) 當液柱的長度為16 cm 時，量度所得的温度是多少？ 假設液體線性膨脹。

題 解(a) 設l 為液柱的長度。

根據比例，()()()()()()()cm__________=--=--l l(b) 設θ為量度所得的温度。

根據比例()()()()()()()C__________︒=--=--θθ11 4010031 11 0 16113111100 0 1925PhysicsNSS Physics in Life In-class Worksheets Comb. Sci. ◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄ISBN: 9789880059384©Pearson Education Asia Limited 2009All rights reserved. 11.1.4 Molecular motion and temperatureLearning objectives▪Describe the microscopic view of temperature.Key ideas▪ Matter is composed of molecules or atoms. Above absolute zero, the moleculesin all three states of matter, i.e. solid, liquid and gas are constantly in randommotion and have ________________________________________.▪ Temperature is a measure of the _______________________________________due to random motion of the molecules of a system.kinetic energy average kinetic energyNSS Physics in Life In-class Worksheets Physics ►►►►►►►►►►►►►►►► Comb. Sci.ISBN: 9789880059384©Pearson Education Asia Limited 2009All rights reserved. 12. 1.4 分子運動與温度學習目標▪ 以微觀角度描述温度。

摘 要▪ 物質由分子或原子組成。

當温度高於絕對零度時，無論物質處於固態、液態或氣態，它們的分子都會不斷進行無規運動，因而具有 _______________。

▪ 在一個系統內，温度反映分子進行無規運動時所具有的 _______________。

動能 平均動能。