高考英语“读写任务”中的短文段落大意的概括方法
2021高考英语典型技巧11 文章大意的概括策略(原卷版)
备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧11 文章大意的概括策略【考情角度】Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but togeth er, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.1.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety.B. Eating habits.C. Table manners.D. Restaurant service.2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. To meet with her coworkers.B. To catch up with her work.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect data for her report.3.What do we know about Mazoleny?A. He makes videos for the bar.B. He's fond of the food at the bar.C. He interviews customers at the bar.D. He's familiar with the barkeeper.4.What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.答案与解析： 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A1.根据题干中的关键词statistics可观察原文第二段数据，三个数据涉及早、午、晚三餐独自就餐的数据，与人们就餐习惯有关。
英语中没有主题句如何概括段意的方法和技巧
英语中没有主题句如何概括段意的方法和技巧在英语写作中，主题句通常被视为段落内的重要组成部分，它能够简明扼要地概括出整个段落的主题或中心思想。
然而，在某些情况下，段落内可能并不明确地包含主题句，这就需要我们使用其他方法和技巧来概括段意。
接下来，我们将探讨一些在英语写作中没有主题句时概括段意的方法和技巧。
一、总结段落内容在没有明确主题句的情况下，我们可以通过总结段落的内容来概括其意义。
这就需要我们仔细阅读整个段落，理解其中的论点和论据，并将其压缩成简洁的语句。
通过总结段落内容，我们可以找到段落的中心思想，从而达到概括段意的目的。
二、寻找关键词在没有主题句的情况下，寻找段落内的关键词也是一种有效的概括段意的方法。
关键词通常是段落中出现频率较高，并且具有重要意义的词语，通过捕捉这些关键词，我们可以更好地理解段落的主题和要点，从而进行准确的概括。
三、判断段落结构除了总结段落内容和寻找关键词外，我们还可以通过判断段落的结构来概括其意义。
段落通常会按照一定的逻辑结构和顺序展开论述，通过分析段落的结构，我们可以找到其线索和重点，从而进行准确的概括。
四、提炼核心观点在没有明确主题句的情况下，我们还可以通过提炼段落的核心观点来概括其意义。
核心观点通常是段落中最重要的论点或论据，通过提炼核心观点，我们可以准确地捕捉到段落的中心思想，从而进行有效的概括。
五、个人观点与理解个人观点与理解也是概括段意的重要方法之一。
在概括段意的过程中，我们可以结合自己的理解和观点，对段落进行深入分析和解读，从而形成独特而有深度的概括。
通过以上方法和技巧，我们可以在英语写作中准确地概括段意，即使没有明确的主题句。
通过总结段落内容、寻找关键词、判断段落结构、提炼核心观点以及个人观点与理解，我们可以更好地把握段落的主题和要点，从而提高写作的准确性和表达的深度。
在实际写作中，我们可以根据段落的具体情况来灵活运用这些方法和技巧，从而达到更好的概括效果。
英文写作中的概括和总结技巧
英文写作中的概括和总结技巧在英文写作中，概括和总结是非常重要的技巧。
它不仅可以帮助表达者对所写内容进行整理和梳理，还可以帮助读者更好地理解和记忆文章的主旨和要点。
本文将介绍几种在英文写作中常用的概括和总结技巧，并提供一些实用的例子。
首先，要想完成一篇完整的文章概括，我们需要先理清文章的结构和内容。
这意味着我们需要确定文章的中心思想，然后将其概括在文章的开头或结尾部分。
例如，如果我们正在写一篇关于环境保护的文章，中心思想可以是“环境恶化对人类生活的影响”。
我们可以在文章的概括部分写道：“本文旨在探讨环境恶化对人类生活的重要性，并提供一些解决方案。
”其次，概括可以通过对文章的主要要点进行总结来实现。
一种常用的方式是使用总结性的连接词和短语，如“总之”、“归纳起来”、“总体而言”等等，并列举出文章中的关键点。
例如，在一篇关于健康饮食的文章中，我们可以用以下方式概括要点：“总之，健康饮食包括均衡的饮食结构、多样化的食物选择和适量的运动。
只有通过这些方式，我们才能保持身体的良好健康状况。
”除了对文章主要要点进行总结，我们还可以使用概括来强调最重要的观点或信息。
这种概括常常出现在文章的结尾部分，并起到强调和印象加深的作用。
例如，在一篇关于科技进步的文章中，我们可以这样概括结尾：“科技进步是人类社会不可避免的趋势，它为我们带来了前所未有的便利和机遇。
然而，我们也要警惕科技进步带来的负面影响，并努力寻找解决方案，以确保科技的可持续和良好发展。
”除了概括外，总结也是英文写作中常用的技巧之一。
总结通常出现在文章的结尾部分，并用于回顾和归纳文中的观点和论证。
总结可以通过重新强调文章的主题和论点来达到这一目的。
例如，在一篇关于教育改革的文章中，我们可以这样总结：“综上所述，教育改革是一个复杂而重要的课题，它需要政府、学校、教师和家长的共同努力。
只有通过合作和创新，我们才能真正改变教育体系，并为下一代创造更好的学习环境。
广东英语高考读写任务之概述
广东英语高考读写任务之概述（summary)一、写概述的步骤：（1）先找文章的要点（一般指关键词和全文或段乱的主题句，阅读时划出）（2）然后用自己的话转换（转换词汇和句式）（3）最后整合中心要点，并简化句子，连贯成30个词左右的小段落）二、写概述要注意的事项（1）不能摘抄原文句子，要用自己的语言“重组”主要内容；（2）只保留主要观点，不要细节（3）$（4）不要发表自己的议论（5）不要把列举、描绘性的语言当成概述性语言；（6）一般用第三人称转述（7）概述不要太宽泛，也不要针对原文某个细节，概述得太狭窄（8）注意段中句子的衔接，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子（9）保证没有语法错误（10）注意文体特征，文体不同，写概述的方式也不同&三、概述写作的模式概述可采用“主题句+支撑句”的模式来写。
不同文体阅读材料概述的写作模式如下表：文体主题句支撑句记叙文、（多采用要素串联法）故事本身（主人公、事件、结果）（1,2句）故事的意义（1句）议论文（多采用主题概述法）文章论点（1句）文章论据（2,3句）说明文@（多采用段意合并法）说明的对象、观点、现象（1句）解释/分述（2,3句）备考策略：1、.打好词汇语法基础2.阅读注意概括要点!3.关注社会现象和社会热点,学会用英语表达想法4.坚持作文训练(25分钟)5.积累“万能”句型,写作常用到的正确句型.6.建立词句“错题集”7.保证卷面整洁美观&（一）记叙文的概述写作方法和模板1、记叙文的概述写作方法：要素串联法谁做了什么？（故事的核心主人公、核心事件）结果怎么样（侧重结果，因为下面的正文写作就是要对结果和影响结果的因素发表看法）故事的意义（升华主题）2、、3、记叙文的概述写作模板从揭示写作目的的角度来写：The author/story highlights the importance of /expresses the idea that...(主题）by showing us an example of ...,who...(故事本身的要点）从叙述经历的角度来写：In the passage /story,the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth., which shows us that...(主题）题例1（2011年广州一模）Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. This is Li Hua from Senior Three. I'm here today to share with you a good lesson from an overseas Chinese student living in Germany. It is a true story. After years of hard work, this Chinese student graduated with amazing academic achievements. Everyone thought he was going to get a good job easily and have a bright future. But to his disappointment, he was not even allowed the chance for an interview! The third time he was turned down, he couldn't help telephoning the company to ask why they didn't want him. The answer was simple, "We don't hire dishonest people in Germany. "What was wrong you might wonder? The truth is, shortly after he arrived in Germany, this clever student found that it was easy to skip buying subway tickets. So, to save money, he often went without a ticket. As a result, he had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times. From this story, we learn that we may get short-term benefits by dishonest means, but the truth will come out sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember, honesty is the best policy. That's all for my speech. Thank you!【题析】这是一篇叙事+议论的记述文，前面的小故事，包含着深刻的道理（主题在尾段），所以概述可以采用要素串联法，概述的结构为：故事简介+主题首先，我们可以在上面的阅读材料中找到此篇记叙文的主要要素和内容要点，并用自己的话来转换。
英语概括写作五步法
英语概括写作五步法作者：许树新来源：《广东教育·高中》2012年第10期读写任务分两部分：概括和论述。
虽然概括只有5分，所占比例不是很大，但是却是文章的开头，对于后面的论述起到铺垫和导入的作用，而且很多同学经常在这里失分。
写好概括，只要掌握五步法，其实很简单。
本文试以2012年广东高考读写任务题为例阐述概括写作五步法。
1. 审中文。
有的同学一拿到试卷就开始看读写任务中的阅读文章，急急茫茫想把概括先写完再写后面的论述。
殊不知概括是读写任务的一部分，与所写文章的关系是部分与整体的关系。
所以，先研究整体，研究写作主题，才知道概括的主要内容或者指向，这样既能大大降低概括的难度又能提高概括的准确性。
如2012年高考中，从“就老师影响学生的话题谈谈你的想法”可以推测出短文一定是关于老师和学生之间的故事，重点还会落在老师对学生的影响上面。
短文中就出现了“having a great influence on her life”和“played an important part”两个和“影响”有关的字眼。
2. 找单词。
审完中文要求，就看英语阅读文章并找出关键词。
如果是记叙文，表达“谁干什么”的词就是关键词，只要抓住“谁干什么”就行了。
首先找出“谁”，把文中所有的人物都找出来。
如短文中出现了“my husband” “his student”两个人物。
然后就找“干什么”的词语，即把主要的谓语动词找出来。
文中的主要动词有：“received a letter” “thank him” “having a great influence”（第一段）；“helped me discover the talent for math” “showed me the beauty of math” “made continuous progress” “have a great influence”（第二段）；“（was）a wonderful gift ”“was special”（第三段）等。
高三英语读写任务作文专题突破如何写概括
广东高考英语基础写作训练一、写作的基本要求1、信息完整（所写的文章中一定要包含所有的写作内容）2、不超过5句话（句子的复杂性，多使用从句，非谓语动词和连词及一些复杂的句型）3、内容清楚连贯，逻辑性强（使用恰当的连词，使文章连贯）4、尽量减免语法错误二、写作技巧以及顺序A. 通篇浏览，把握整体。
浏览文章信息，并对其进行处理，将其分割成五句话，做到哪句话包含哪些信息心中有数。
B. 集中兵力，逐个击破。
在第一步的基础上，把五个句子逐一写清楚，包含所需信息。
在组织句子时注意以下几点：1. 一个句子首先要找清楚主谓宾，然后想办法拓展这句话，把其它的信息加进去。
2. 一个句子有且仅有一个谓语（并列谓语）。
3. 将多个句子并到一起，并且要做到只有一个谓语的话，有3种方法：1）使用各种连词。
More than 50% of the students in China are short-sighted and it ranks the first in the world. 句中用到and连接2个并列简单句，前后都可保留谓语，顺利将2句变成一句。
连词包括具有递进关系的并列句，如由and，then，besides，in addition, furthermore，moreover, what’s more等连接的并列句，具有转折关系的并列句，如由but，however，on the contrary, after all等连接的并列句，具有平行选择关系的并列句，如由both…and…，as well as，as well，neither…nor…or，either…or…，not only…but also…等连接的并列句。
2）使用从句。
包括含有名词性从句的复合句，含有定语从句的复合句，含有状语从句的复合句。
More than 50% of the students in China are short-sighted, which ranks the first in the world.3）使用非谓语动词，及一些特殊句型。
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之主旨大意题讲义
主旨大意题一、总体解题思路1、宏观上分清文章体裁（记叙文、科普类的说明文议论文）和捋清文章行文脉络二、记叙文：主旨一般在首段和尾段出现（扫读重点关注首尾段各段首尾句或第二句以及转折处句子）第1篇I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voiceand they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.and an addedsource(来源) ofAs a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]既然是记叙文一般就从首尾段找主旨I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]从首尾段提取主题词可以快速缩小选择范围提高准确率即微观上要抓住主题词那么主题词特征有以下几个●反复高频出现●绝大多数以名词为主动词和形容词为辅●出现时往往前有铺垫后有解释说明I和library 就是反复出现高频词并且说的就是I和library的关系优先排除A和B 都属于无中生有显然Young属于偷换概念只有D 和主题词切合并且逻辑关系是呼应的即I和library的关系第2篇Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume thatmore is more when it es to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about being a doctor)For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, pletely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.[ 2018全国III卷D ]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子（每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that提取首尾段首先排除A 和D 显然文中没有提及属于无中生有文中是帮助孩子学习而B的向孩子学习显然属于颠倒逻辑答案C就是直接来自首段尾句其实当文章自问自答或者提出了问题那么后面的回答就是文章的主题三、科普类文章：主旨一般与研究结果或专家建议观点紧密相关快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论第3篇We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.What's the problem? It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's challenging, or we think it's unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big advantages. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social munication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just municate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to look for an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their waiter reported higher positive (积极的) feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband." says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a greater sense of belonging (归属感), a relationship with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners." he says [2018II卷D篇]通过每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找出观点结论性的词句We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.首段只是一个铺垫而第二段but转折词后面信息才是关键信息，Small talk是在文中反复出现的高频词文章结构属于总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释科普类文章的一大特点提出一个现象或问题再提出观点结论然后进行解释说明首先就可以排除A和C 那么B和D 那个和主旨更切合呢B和D结构相同都是of结构显然D文中并没有提到ways，而是反复在讲advantages第4篇We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.Oh Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of seadwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea.' In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at highthere were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]显然首段的首句就是一种观点，第二句又用科学研究发现来进一步证实另外evolution及近义词是反复出现的高频词文章属于总分结构：总观点+分别解释这道题难在出题者对选项答案进行了巧妙化处理并没有直接使用文中的词句故意进行了变换增加了难度和迷惑性不过可以先使用排除法B选项skills文中并未提及属于无中生有，偏离文章主题D 选项中的字眼Best绝对化像这样的选项除非文中明确指出来了，否则带有绝对性字眼的选项不要选另外文中说的是better而非best C选项methods文中也未提到属于无中生有正面分析 A 选项关键词就是remodeled 进行拆分re再次ed过去分词表完成状态model 模式模型——再模型化——重构改型含义=evolution出题者为了增加难度往往把正确答案设定成原文词的同义词近义词或短语第5篇Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overing this very tiny big problem? lt's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers e and really do an inperson review, and..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hoursand..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）首段提出问题but转折之后的尾句才是关键信息而第二段首句直接给出观点回答问题，NASA HUNCH是反复出现的词典型的总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释提出问题解决问题解释说明其实有时候归纳出文章主旨并不难，而难在出题人在选项上故意设置陷阱迷惑我们，刁难大家让你误入歧途所以我们要紧紧抓住主旨去排除错误选项，选择正确选项本文主旨说的是NASA的HUNCH项目与high school classrooms之间关系HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 那么首先可以排除A和C 因为A只讲了NASA 而后面的the home 纯属无中生有而C选项Nature是属于偷换概念用于代替NASA显然不对另外文中也没有提及outdoor classroom那么D中虽然有HUNCH 但后面讲的是大学准入改革而HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. 说的是有影响并不是说HUNCH program就是准入改革风马牛不相及只有B选项提到了Space 与NASA有关对应后面还提到homework与high school classrooms 紧密相关对应B选项同时把space和homework联系起来与文中主旨NASA与high school classrooms联系是呼应的贴合的总结解主旨题要把明确文章体裁握住文章的行文脉络和结构从每段首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找主旨段主旨句主题词从而归纳出主旨还要紧扣主旨去选择和排除那么具有迷惑性的错误答案另外明确了文章了主旨对于读懂文章和做其他题型都有帮助毕竟主旨对全文和所有的题都有统摄作用作者不可能偏离主题去写文章出题者也不可能偏离主题去出题。
2020届高考英语 考前冲刺精选读写任务专题突破概括
2020;2020届高考英语考前冲刺精选读写任务专题突破概括Part I. 什么是摘要？A summary is a short account giving the main points of something longer or detailed.概括部分包含几种能力。
第一要看清楚文章的结构，设法反映出原文中作者的观点。
第二要具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。
第三要有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。
对于成绩较差的同学来说，可能对概括感到无从下手读写任务的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容1为概括短文要点，还有写作内容2 则是就某个主题发表看法。
然而，绝大部分的考生会忽略了写作内容2对写作内容1的导航作用，而一头扎进了阅读材料直接去阅读文章得出要点。
事实上，所谓“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。
故希望大家在概括文章时，可考虑命题人提供的写作内容2的导航作用，因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。
一、概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。
标准的概括采用浮凸式的表达方式，第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的，这句话的质量决定了概括的成败。
后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。
二、概括的写作步骤：1. 确定主题句。
确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。
没有主题句的需要自己组合。
2. 寻找关键词。
分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。
3. 重构主题句。
概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。
可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。
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高考英语“读写任务”中的短文段落大意的概括方法高考英语“读写任务”中的短文段落大意的概括方法广州市黄埔区第八十六中学赵安西概括段落大意是理解掌握课文内容的重要手段，也是总结中心思想的前提。
这里，向大家介绍几种常见方法：一、综合法。
就是围绕文章的中心进行概括。
如A typical Chinese family in the past was quite large with many children, uncles and aunts living in the same courtyard. Parents and their children lived with their grandparents. Most Chinese families consisted of three generations who shared the same roof.But now the Chinese family has changed a great deal. The traditional large families are gradually disappearing and instead, with the housing reform and due to the family planning, one-child family with only the parents and a child is quite common in today’s society.With the change of the family structure, however, a few disadvantages have arisen. First, with only one child in a family, it’s easy to find a spoiled “Little emperor”everywhere. Second, who will take care of the old people in the future? Though one-child family may bring about these serious problems, I feel quite sure that we will find solutions to them.本文讲了三层意思。
第一段讲了过去典型中国家庭模式(a typical Chinese family in the past)；第二层讲现代中国家庭模式的变化形式(the changing form of the modern Chinese family)；第三层讲了家庭结构的变化所带来的不利之处(the disadvantages of the change of the Chinese family)。
这样综合三层的意思,短文大意可以概括为：As time goes by, the structure of the Chinese family is changing. In the past, a typical Chinese family was quite large,but now it has changed into a smaller one, which has brought many disadvantages to our society.二、摘引法。
就是摘用课文中的重点词语或重点句（首起句、总结句、中心句）来概括。
Disadvantages of life in big citiesAlthough big cities provide people with many conveniences, they certainly have their own disadvantages.Traffic is the first and often most serious problem. The majority of people spend a great deal of time on their way to work or coming back from work. During the rush time, all the streets are jammed with packed buses and endless lines of bicycles and cars, and almost avoidable traffic accidents occur, resulting in broken limbs and tragic deaths.Air pollution comes second. Factories and moving vehicles are constantly giving off smoke and harmful gases. There is no way to get fresh air except to go out of the city on weekends or holidays. If the weather is bad, you will find the whole city overcast with smog. As a result, pollution induced diseases are now a common occurrence.However, noise, and violence are to be found in every big city and the situation seems to get worse year by year. In short, life in big cities is rather unnatural and unhealthy. To me, it is silly of people to choose to live in big cities.通过阅读全文，不难看出短文中每一段的首句即为该段的中心意思。
将每一段段落大意放在一起便可以作为这篇段文的概括：Although big cities provide people with many conveniences, they certainly have their own disadvantages, such as the problems of traffic, air pollution, noise, and violence in every big city, and the situation seems to get worse year by year.三、取主法。
就是短文中有几层意思，取重要的层次作为短文大意中心部分。
如：Swimming is an elegant sport. Floating in the cool water, man feels free, relaxed and happy. It seems as if all the worldly affairs were gone and he were in the wonderland of quietness and beauty.When you are swimming, every bone and muscle is in motion. You will feel your heart beating hard, about 2 to 3 times faster than usual, which is good for your health. Besides, your lungs are trained when you are almost breathless. Their capacity is gradually being enlarged red, providing you with much more oxygen in a single breath.When it is burning hot in summer, you go to a swimming pool or seaside and jump into the clean cool water. You can enjoy lying gently on the water surface with every organ of your body totally relaxed. The beautiful blue heaven is high over your face, with white cotton-lid fluffy clouds swirling flexibly. Now and then some birds skim over the water or sing a merry song, and then merge in the distant blue. The trees along the river or lake are waving their leaves and their murmuring makes you feel that you are closer to nature.本文列举了“游泳”的诸多好处。
第一小段写了Man feels free, relaxed and happy by swimming；第二小段写了两层意思。
第一层写Swimming can make every bone and muscle in motion and your heart beating faster, which is good for your health.第二层写swimming can increase your capacity of your lungs, which provides you with much more oxygen in a single breath.第三段与第一段遥相呼应，细致地描述游泳的益处。
但联系全文我们可以确定第二小段中的第一层和第二层的所表达的游泳的益处是主要的。
因此，段落大意可以概括为：Swimming has many benefits to people. It can not only make you feel free, relaxed and happy, but can also accelerate your heart-beating and promote your every bone and muscle in motion and increase your vital capacity.四、合并法。