测绘工程专业英语翻译Unit 1
Unit1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学）Geomatics Defined（测绘学定义）Where does the word Geomatics come from?（Geomatics－测绘或地球空间信息学，这个名词是怎么来的呢？）GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and - MATICS for mathematical or GEO- forGeoscience and -MATICS for informatics. （大地测量学＋地理信息学＝GEOMATICS 测绘学或者 geo 代表地球，matics 代表数学，或者 geo 代表地球科学，matics 代表信息学）It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解）The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy” or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer scienceand/or GIS-oriented courses.（这个术语【term 术语】作为一个学科【academic discipline 学科】第一次形成【emerge】于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的“大地测量学” 或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和 GIS 方向【或“基于 GIS”】的课程后重新命名的。
）Now the term includes the traditional surveying definition along with surveying steadily increased importance with the development of new technologies and the growing demand for a variety of spatially related types of information, particularly in measuring and monitoring our environment.（随着新技术的发展和不断增长的对空间关系的信息类型的需求，尤其是在测量和监测我们的环境方面【环境监测】，现在，传统测量学定义连同【along with】日益【steadily 稳定的】增长的测量的重要性一起包含在这个术语里了。
【逗号后面的句子修饰 demand】）Increasingly critical are areas of expanding populations, appreciating land values, dwindling natural resources, and the continuing stressing of the quality of our land, water and air from human activities. （日益增长的危机来自人口扩张，地价上涨，资源紧缩【紧张】，还有由于人类活动引起的土地、水、空气质量的持续的压力【由人类活动带来的土地、水、空气质量的恶化】As such, geomatics bridges wide arcs from the geosciences through various engineering sciences and computer sciences to spatial planning, land development and the environmental sciences.（这样，测绘学在地球科学，各种工程学【engineering sciences 工程学】，计算机科学，空间规划，土地开发和环境科学相互之间架起了广泛的桥梁。
）Now the word geomatics has been adopted by several international bodies including the International Standards Organization(ISO),so it is here to stay.（现在 geomatics 这个词已经被包括 ISO【国际标准化组织】在内的数个国际机构【international bodies】所采用，因此它就这样被普遍接受【be here to stay 习惯用语“被普遍接受”】The term “surveyor ” is traditionally used to collectively describe those engaged in the above activities. （surveyor 这个词按惯例用来总指（这换成“总称”较好）【collectively 全体的】那些从事上述活动的人。
）More explicit job descriptions such as Land Surveyor, Engineering Surveyor or Hydrographic Surveyorfor example, are commonly used by practitioners to more clearly describe and market their specializedexpertise.（更具体的【explicit 清楚的、直接的】工作如土地测量员、工程测量员和水道测量员，一般【commonly一般地】被业内人士【practitioners 从业者】用来更准确的描述他们的专门技术。
【直译为：更清楚的工作描述就如如土地测量员、工程测量员和水道测量员，一般被从业者用来更准确的描述他们的专门技术。
】）The term geomatics is a recent creation to convey the true collective and scientific nature of theserelated activities and has the flexibility to allow for the incorporation of future technologicaldevelopments in these fields.（geomatics 这个术语是个新词，表达【convey 传达】了实体集合和它们相关联【related】的活动的自然科学，并使这些领域的未来技术发展的结合【incorporation 结合】成为可能。
【flexibility 弹性、机动性】）Adoption of the term also allows a coherent marketing of the profession to industry and schools on a worldwide basis. （这个术语的采用同时也在全世界范围里为行业【industry】里和学校建立了【allow 允许了】一个一致的【coherent】专业市场）As a result, both course and award titles in the traditional Land Surveying sector at many of the world’s leading universities are being changed to “Degree in Geomatics”. （结果，世界上许多一流大学的传统的测量专业【部门】的无论是课程还是授予资【授予学位名称】格都改为“测绘学位”【Degree in Geomatics】的了）This does n ot suggest the demise of the term “surveyor” and graduates will still practice as land surveyors or photogammertrists, etc. as appropriate to their specialization.（这并不意味着“surveyor” 这个词的消亡，测绘毕业生还将从事适合他们专业的【as appropriate to their specialization】土地测量员、摄影测量员及其他【ect.】的工作）In the last decade, there has been dramatic development and growth in the use of hardware and softwaresolutions to both measure and process geo-spatial data.（在过去的十年中，在应用硬件和软件的方法【solution 解决方法】来测量和处理地球空间数据工作时有着戏剧性的发展和增长）[in the use of 在使用……时]This has created and will continue to create new areas of application, with associated job opportunities for suitably qualified graduates. （创造并将继续创造新的应用【application】领域，并为合适的、合格【qualified 有资格的】的毕业生提供相关的【associated】工作。
）As a result, the r ole of the “surveyor” is expanding beyond traditional areas of practice, as described above, into new areas of opportunity.（结果是，“surveyor”的角色大大超越传统实践领域――如前面所述的领域，进入到新的【opportunity 机会、时机】的领域。
）In addition, recent advances in the technology of data collection and processing have blurred the boundaries of practice and activity between what were previously regarded as related but separate areas. （另外，最近的数据采集和处理技术的发展模糊了以前被认为有联系却分离的领域的【实践的活动的 practice and activity】界限）Such developments are forecast to continue and will create new career paths for graduates whoseeducation and training is broadly based and of a high academic standard.（可以预见【forecast】，这种发展继续并将为涉猎广泛、学识一流的【broadly based and of a high academic standard】毕业生创造新的事业。
测绘专业英语原文和部分翻译(1-39)
Table of ContentsUuit 1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学） (2)Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying（大地测量与平面测量） (6)Unit 3 Distance Measurement（距离测量） (10)Unit 4 Angle and Direction Measurement（角度和方向测量） (14)Unit 5 Traversing （导线测量） (17)Unit 6 Methods of Elevation Determination（高程测量方法） (21)Unit 7 Robotic Total Station （智能型全站仪） (25)Unit 8 Errors in Measurement（测量工作中的误差） (29)Unit 9 Basic Statistical Analysis of Random Errors (32)Unit 10 Accuracy and Precision （准确度和精度） (35)Unit 11 Least-Squares Adjustment (38)Unit 12 Geodesy Concepts (40)Unit 13 Geoid and Reference Ellipsoid (42)Unit 14 Datums, Coordinates and Conversions (44)Unit 15 Map Projection (46)Unit 16 Gravity Measurment (48)Unit 17 Optimal Design of Geomatics Network (50)Unit 18 Construction Layout （施工放样） (53)Unit 19 Deformation Monitoring of Engineering Struvture (56)Unit 20 Understan ding the GPS（认识GPS） (59)Uuit 21 Understanding the GPS (II) 认识GPS(II) (62)Unit 22 Competition in Space Orbit（太空轨道上的竞争） (64)Unit 23 GIS Basics（GIS 的基础） (69)Unit 24 Data Types and Models in GIS GIS中的数据类型和模型 (75)Unit 25 Digital Terrain Modeling（数字地面模型） (79)Unit 26 Applications of GIS (83)Unit 27 Developments of photogrammetry (87)Unit 28 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing （遥感的基础） (90)Unit 29 Digital Image Processing and Its Applications in RS (94)Unit 30 Airborne Laser Mapping Technology（机载激光测图技术） (99)Unit 31 Interferometric SAR(InSAR) (102)Unit 32 Brief Introduction toApplied Geophysics (104)Unit 33 Origon of Induced Polarization (105)Unit 34 International Geoscience Organization (108)Unit 35 Prestigious Journals in Geomatics (110)Unit 36 Relevant Surveying Instrument Companies (115)Unit 37 Expression of Simple Equations and Scientific Formulsa (116)Unit 38 Professional English Paper Writing (119)Unit 39 Translation Techniques for EST (127)Uuit 1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学）Geomatics Defined（测绘学定义）Where does the word Geomatics come from?（Geomatics－测绘或地球空间信息学，这个名词是怎么来的呢？）GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMA TICS or GEO- for earth and –MATICS for mathematical or GEO- for Geoscience and -MATICS for informatics. （大地测量学＋地理信息学＝GEOMATICS 测绘学或者geo 代表地球，matics 代表数学，或者geo 代表地球科学，matics 代表信息学）It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解）The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy” or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer scienceand/or GIS-oriented courses.（这个术语【term 术语】作为一个学科【academic discipline 学科】第一次形成【emerge】于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的“大地测量学” 或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和GIS 方向【或“基于GIS” 】的课程后重新命名的。
测绘专业英语翻译汇编
Uuit1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学）Geomatics Defined（测绘学定义）Where does the word Geomatics come from?（Geomatics－测绘或地球空间信息学，这个名词是怎么来的呢？）GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and –MATICS for mathematical or GEO- for Geoscience and -MATICS for informatics. （大地测量学＋地理信息学＝GEOMATICS测绘学或者 geo代表地球，matics代表数学，或者 geo代表地球科学，matics 代表信息学）It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解）The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy”or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer science- and/or GIS-oriented courses.（这个术语【term术语】作为一个学科【academic discipline学科】第一次形成【emerge】于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的“大地测量学”或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和GIS方向【或“基于GIS”】的课程后重新命名的。
测绘专业英语翻译
Unit1 What is Geomatics? 3页Data plotting (presentation) is handled through the use of mapping and other illustrative computer programs; the presentations are displayed on computer screens (where interactive editing can occur) and are output on paper from digital plotting devices. 数据绘图（描述，表达）是通过使用绘图和其他示范的计算机程序；这种表达显示在电脑屏幕（可以进行交互式编辑）和通过数字绘图设备输出到纸上。
Once the positions and attributes of geographic entities have been digitized and stored in computer memory, they are available for use by a wide variety of users. Through the use of modem information technology (IT), geomatics brings together professionals in the following disciplines: surveying, mapping, remote sensing, land registration, civil and marine engineering, forestry, agriculture, planning and development, geology, geographical sciences, infrastructure management, navigation, environmental and natural resources monitoring, and computer science.Other Definitions of Geomatics.一旦地理实体的位置和属性已被数字化并存储在计算机的内存中，它们即可以被各种各样的用户使用。
测绘工程专业英语翻译1-6-20-21
测绘工程专业英语翻译1-6-20-21Uuit1Geomatics Defined（测绘学定义）Where does the word Geomatics come from?（Geomatics－测绘或地球空间信息学，这个名词是怎么来的呢？）GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and –MATICS for mathematical or GEO- for Geoscience and -MATICS for informatics. （大地测量学＋地理信息学＝GEOMATICS 测绘学或者geo 代表地球，matics 代表数学，或者geo 代表地球科学，matics 代表信息学）It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解）The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy” or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer scienceand/or GIS-oriented courses.（这个术语作为一个学科第一次形成于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的“大地测量学”或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和GIS 方向的课程后重新命名的。
测绘专业英语翻译
Uuit1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学）Geomatics Defined（测绘学定义）Where does the word Geomatics come from?（Geomatics－测绘或地球空间信息学，这个名词是怎么来的呢？）GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and –MATICS for mathematical or GEO- for Geoscience and -MATICS for informatics. （大地测量学＋地理信息学＝GEOMATICS 测绘学或者geo 代表地球，matics 代表数学，或者geo 代表地球科学，matics 代表信息学）It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解）The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introducedworldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renamingwhat was previously called “geodesy”or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer scienceand/ or GIS-oriented courses.（这个术语【term 术语】作为一个学科【academic discipline 学科】第一次形成【emerge】于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机极所熟知，通常是以前的“大地测量学”或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和GIS 方向【或“基于GIS”】的课程后重新命名的。
测绘工程专业英语课文全部翻译
Section 2 The Reliability of a Survey and Errors测量误差的可靠性Since every technique of measurement is subject to unavoidable error, surveyors must be aware of all sources and types of error and how they combine. If the accuracy of a measurement is defined as the nearness of that value to its true value (a quantity we can never know) then a surveyor must ensure that the techniques he chooses will produce a result that is sufficiently accurate. He must know, therefore, how accurate he needs to be, how to achieve this accuracy and how to check that the required accuracy has been achieved.由于每个测量技术是不可避免的误差，测量员必须知道的所有误差的来源和类型，以及它们是如何结合。
如果测量的准确性，其真正的值（我们可以永远不知道的数量）的接近程度，该值被定义为，然后测量员必须确保他选择的技术将产生一个结果，是足够精确的。
因此，他必须知道他需要的精度如何，如何实现这一目标的准确性和如何检查所要求的精度已经达到。
Accuracy requiredWhen surveying to produce a plan, the accuracy required is defined by the scale of the plot, since there should be no plottable error in the survey data. A good draughtsman can plot a length to within 0.25 mm and so, if a plan of an area is required at a scale of 1/1000, i.e., 1 mm on the plan represents 1 m on the ground, the smallest plottable distance is 0.25 m. Thus, for a survey at 1/1000 scale, all the measurements must be taken such that the relative positions of any point with respect to any other must be determined to 0.25 m or better.当测量一个平面时,精度通常是根据展图比例决定的，因为在绘图中不能有测量误差。
测绘专业英语 曲建光1 lesson one翻译
Lesson oneIntroduction to SurveyingSurveying is the art of making such measurements of the relative positions of points on the surface of Earth that, on drawing them to scale, natural and artificial features may be exhibited in their correct horizontal or vertical relationships.测量是一种技术，它测定地球表面上各点的相对位置，并按照比例绘制出来，使得天然和人工地物能以正确的水平或垂直关系展示出来。
Less comprehensively, the term, “Surveying”, may be limited to operations directed to the representation of ground features in plan. Methods whereby relative altitudes are ascertained are distinguished as “leveling”, the results being shown either as vertical section or by conventional symbols on a plan.较为全面地说，“测量”这个词可以局限于在平面图上表示出地貌的操作。
确定相对高度的操作区别为水准测量，其结果或以纵断面显示或是在平面图上用惯用符号表示。
Plane, Aerial and Geodetic Surveying A plan is projection upon a horizontal surface, and in its construction all linear and angular quantities used must be horizontal dimensions. It is impossible to give a complete representation of distances following the undulations of the ground other than by a scale model. Now a horizontal surface is normal to the direction of gravity as indicated by a plump line, but, on account of the form of the Earth, the direction of plump lines suspended at different points in a survey are not strictly parallel, and the plane horizontal at one point does not precisely coincide with that through any other point. It is not the irregular shape of the Earth’s physical surface that is reffered to here, but the almost regular curvature of a level surface which is necessarily perpendicular to the vertical everywhere.平面测量，航空测量，大地测量平面图是在水平面上的投影，在绘制时使用的长度和角度的量值必须是水平分量。
测绘工程专业英语翻译1-6 20 21
精心整理Uuit1GeomaticsDefined（测绘学定义）WheredoesthewordGeomaticscomefrom?（Geomatics－测绘或地球空间信息学，这个名词是怎么来的呢？）GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICSorGEO-forearthand–MATICSformathematicalorGEO-forGeoscienceand-MATICSforinformatics.（大地测量学＋地理信息学＝GEOMATICS测绘学或者geo代表地球，matics代表数学，或者geo代表地球科学，maticsThetermgeomaticsisarecentcreationtoconveythetruecollectiveandscientificnatureoftheserelatedactiv itiesandhastheflexibilitytoallowfortheincorporationoffuturetechnologicaldevelopmentsinthesefields.（geomatics这个术语是个新词，表达了实体集合和它们相关联的活动的自然科学，并使这些领域的未来技术发展的结合成为可能。
）Adoptionofthetermalsoallowsacoherentmarketingoftheprofessiontoindustryandschoolsonaworldwid ebasis.（这个术语的采用同时也在全世界范围里为行业里和学校建立了一个一致的专业市场）Asaresult,bothcourseandawardtitlesinthetraditionalLandSurveyingsectoratmanyoftheworld’sleadin guniversitiesarebeingchangedto“DegreeinGeomatics”.（结果，世界上许多一流大学的传统的测量专业的无论是课程还是授予资格都改为“测绘学位”的了）Thisdoesnotsuggestthedemiseoftheterm“surveyor”andgraduateswillstillpracticeaslandsurveyorso rphotogammertrists,etc.asappropriatetotheirspecialization.（这并不意味着“surveyor”这个词的消亡，测绘毕业生还将从事适合他们专业的土地测量员、摄影测量员及其他的工作）Inthelastdecade,therehasbeendramaticdevelopmentandgrowthintheuseofhardwareandsoftwaresolu tionstobothmeasureandprocessgeo-spatialdata.（在过去的十年中，在应用硬件和软件的方法来测量和处理地球空间数据工作时有着戏剧性的发展和增长）theuseof在使用 (i)时]Thishascreatedandwillcontinuetocreatenewareasofapplication,withassociatedjobopportunitiesfor suitablyqualifiedgraduates.（创造并将继续创造新的应用领域，并为合适的、合格的毕业生提供相关的工作。
测绘工程专业英语翻译1-6 20 21
Uuit1Geomatics Defined（测绘学定义）Where does the word Geomatics come from?（Geomatics－测绘或地球空间信息学，这个名词是怎么来的呢？） GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and –MATICS for mathematical or GEO- for Geoscience and -MATICS for informatics. （大地测量学＋地理信息学＝GEOMATICS 测绘学或者 geo 代表地球，matics 代表数学，或者 geo 代表地球科学，matics 代表信息学） It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解） The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy” or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer scienceand/or GIS-oriented courses.（这个术语作为一个学科第一次形成于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的“大地测量学”或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和 GIS 方向的课程后重新命名的。
测绘英语课文翻译
Unit 1 The Reliability of a Survey and Errors测量误差的可靠性Since every technique of measurement is subject to unavoidable error, surveyors must be aware of all sources and types of error and how they combine. If the accuracy of a measurement is defined as the nearness of that value to its true value (a quantity we can never know) then a surveyor must ensure that the techniques he chooses will produce a result that is sufficiently accurate. He must know, therefore, how accurate he needs to be, how to achieve this accuracy and how to check that the required accuracy has been achieved.由于每个测量技术是不可避免的误差，测量员必须知道的所有误差的来源和类型，以及它们是如何结合。
如果测量的准确性，其真正的值（我们可以永远不知道的数量）的接近程度，该值被定义为，然后测量员必须确保他选择的技术将产生一个结果，是足够精确的。
因此，他必须知道他需要的精度如何，如何实现这一目标的准确性和如何检查所要求的精度已经达到。
Accuracy requiredWhen surveying to produce a plan, the accuracy required is defined by the scale of the plot, since there should be no plottable error in the survey data. A good draughtsman can plot a length to within 0.25 mm and so, if a plan of an area is required at a scale of 1/1000, i.e., 1 mm on the plan represents 1 m on the ground, the smallest plottable distance is 0.25 m. Thus, for a survey at 1/1000 scale, all the measurements must be taken such that the relative positions of any point with respect to any other must be determined to 0.25 m or better.当测量一个平面时,精度通常是根据展图比例决定的，因为在绘图中不能有测量误差。