英语强化班-写作讲义
英语写作突破讲义 第一课 Learning a language is not a matter of acquiring a set of rules and building a large vocabulary. A student’s mastery of a language is ultimately measured by how well he can use it, not by how much he knows about it.
写作课程安排：中英文行文区别，如何用词；认识简单句、并列句、复合句，熟悉简单句五大基本句型；如何写记叙文；写作的基本步骤；如何写议论文，如何开头、展开、收尾；如何写说明文等。
写作技巧之行文区别篇 一、前重心 v.s 后重心 I am looking forward to this winter camp, for all of my friends speak highly of it.朋友们对夏令营反映不错，我很期待。 例如一些常用句型，it表示形式主语或者宾语，句子重心前移，平衡结构。 It seems exciting to play the guitar in front of the girls’ dormitory. I consider it boring to watch such programs like “Super Girl”. Examples The decision was made ___ reducing workers’ wages. on B. of C. from D. by
Prof. Yao Zhen hua, just passed away on June 16th, 2083, at the age of 100 years old, in Beijing Xiehe Hospital. He has been a distinguished educator, writer and diplomat, Chairman of Social Sciences Academy of China, member of the 46th CPC Standing Committee, Honorary Professor of Harvard University in the U.S., Ambassador in the Commonwealth of Australia.,
二. 结构 V.S. 语义 好好学习 天天向上 Eg。 Work hard and make progress every day. If you work hard, you will make progress every day.
不见不散 Be there or be square. If I don’t meet you, I won’t leave. I won’t leave until I see you.
改错练习 Especially, you can see the cute pandas, which have good manners and kind to visitors.*(改为are kind to visitors) Nanjing has a lot of places of interest. Such as Xuan Wu Lake, „*(改为, such as) Mix the flour with water, wait until it gets bigger, cut it into pieces.*(改为and cut) He came on, and stood in front of the girl, said that it was nice to see you.*(将and置于said之前)
三. 长句V.S. 短句 Mr. Yu failed twice in the NMT. Mr. Yu, who is currently the president of the New Oriental Education & Technology Group, failed twice in the NMT, which is the national matriculation test intended for those senior high school graduates who wished to study in the universities and colleges.
练习：翻译词句为中文 Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away. 答案：他禁不住寻思起来，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有条船，他用无线电能联系上的最近的人远在885英里以外的岛上。
4. 从句 V.S. 分句 Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me？ 译文：我有一个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗？
汉语用三个分句表达原文的意思，显然效果很好，如果译成： 你能回答一个使我弄不懂而又想问你的问题吗
主语从句； What we see in front of us seems to be a handsome boy. 表语从句； That’s who teaches us English reading this winter. 定语从句； Beijing, which is located in the north of China, is his hometown. 同位语从句； The news that he is just over 25 years old and has been married really surprises all of us. 宾语从句； But he told us that it was not true. 状语从句； Whenever we asked his actual age, he always smiled with kindness. 感叹句 What a lovely teacher he is! How lovely he is! 5. 多代词 V.S. 多名词 人称代词，替换前文出现的人名 物主代词my, his, her, mine等 指示代词this, that, these, those等 疑问代词what, when, which, where等 As simple as the question may seem, it represents the doubt of most people here. 关系代词，引导定语从句 反身代词 不定代词 He is very brave. (rather? Quite?) --- Nothing could make him feel scared. 6. 多被动 V.S. 多主动 不清楚动作的执行者 The window was broken and a broom was left on the floor. 强调客观发生的事实，淡化句子的主语 Newton’s theories had been replaced with Einstein’s and our understanding of the universe had been changed. 出于修辞的原因，更好地安排句子结构 I went to the party yesterday, and was asked by my friend to sing a few songs. 还有其他常用的被动语态句型（录音里没有说，可以作为补充材料提供） It is said that...据说 It is believed that...据认为 It is reported/ estimated/ suggested that...据报道,估计,有人建议 It is agreed that...人们同意 It must be pointed out that...必须指出 it must be admitted that...必须承认„„ It must be realized that...必须认识到„„ It will be seen from this that...由此可知 It is (generally) considered that...大家(普遍)认为„„ 写作技巧之如何用词-------应用高级词汇 Ultimately, awesome, terrific等 例子 Johnson will come to China around 28th, October.--- Johnson is expected to come to China around 28th, China. The question is really difficult to understand.--- The question is really confusing. He had to face all the potential difficulties.--- He had to cope with all the potential difficulties. 练习 Our school lies in the suburb of the city. (be located in) Even if dinner looks a little bit terrible, it doesn’t mean it will taste that way. (looks disgusting) I can’t find any way to solve the problem. (solutions) No matter how much you learn, there is always something you don’t know. (some stuff) 同义词的使用 例子 It is very interesting. ---amusing; It is great fun. Last summer, I visited New York with my parent. --- paid a visit to/ toured 练习 That is a good idea. --- great/ brilliant He is a kind friend. --- He is kind to us. 使用短语代替单词 例子 Suddenly I had a good idea.--- came up with/ thought of Take a moment to see what is happening around you.--- taking place/ going on Everyone should do his or her best.--- do one’s utmost/ make every effort 练习 He is a famous teacher. --- He is well-known as a dancer. To twelve-year-old Hannah, this answer was too difficult to understand. --- not make sense at all (请忽视这句话录音，谢谢)Generally, our friendship remained within four classroom walls.--- What you do will be very important. --- What you do will make a difference.
英语二
英语二翻译强化班笔记一、单词二、语法：切记英文的主、谓、宾顺序跟中文一样。
但是，定、状顺序则完全[状][状[状]主语：名词类（名词、代词、数词）、动名词、动词不定式、句子宾语：名词类、动名词、动词不定式、宾语从句、形容词（做表语） 谓语：一句话只能有一个谓语动词一句话：（1）主语、谓语、（宾语）后有句号或者逗号（2）and 、but 、so 、while 、whereas 连接（3）I know who he is. 从句谓语动词：（1）原形：write; writes; can write（2）是动词：be; am; is; are（3）有：have; has消灭动词的方法（1） to + v. 一般或将来（2） V- ing 主动或进行（3） V- ed 过去或被动：过去式是谓语，过去分词不是谓语定语：在前：形容词 在后：介词词组、V-ing 词组、V-ed 词组、to do 词组、定语从句状语：在前：副词 在后：介词词组、V-ing 词组、V-ed 词组、to do 词组、状语从句副词的作用：（1） 副词+形容词 表示程度（2） 副词+动词 表示动作状态（3） 副词+副词 She dances very beautifully.（4） 副词+句子 修饰整个句子三、翻译的思想原则（1） 直译（宁死不活）（2） 直译不行的话要意译（加字减字：加字法、减字法）As for reading, he is as good as a blind. 说到读书，他简直是个睁眼瞎。
（3） 少用被动（4） 定、状语拆分（，或者从句拆分）英语二完型填空强化班讲义基本知识1、考察的是一致性和连贯性句子和句子句子内部词汇和词汇中心和句子段落和段落（考察得较少）2、最多考察强转折：however(如果不是和because一起优先选择)、but、结果结论重述：indeed、in fact、put another way论点论据：for example短句例1、Divorce is often the only satisfactory solution for married couples who can not 1the sight of each other. It can have a shocking effect on their 21 .A. see B. stand C. keep D. catch2. A. parents B. kids C. boys D .relatives答案：1.B 2. 无法选择解析：1.who：逻辑关系、原因或条件。
持续通知更新内容
18课程以后将在这个课程持续更新，其它机构课程及电子版讲义也将陆续开始更新，以后大家关注这个更新通知文件夹就可以，更新的内容补充进18资料文件夹相应机构课程。
8月6日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】政治文都强化班面授班马原万磊替换成高清无水印版本（无水印版本只此一家）【2】政治文都强化班面授班马原任燕翔替换成高清无水印版本【3】政治文都强化班面授班毛中特蒋中挺替换成高清无水印版本【4】政治文都强化班面授班史纲任雁翔替换成高清无水印版本【5】政治文都强化班面授班思修蒋中挺替换成高清无水印版本【6】数学考研帮强化班概率更新21课时【7】英语考虫强化班英语一仔细阅读精讲更新至14课时【8】英语考虫强化班英语一写作翻译精讲更新至10课时【9】英语考虫强化班英语一完形新题型精讲更新至4课时8月7日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】英语名师直播课朱伟专项题源精读30篇更新第六次直播【2】英语名师直播课何凯文专项k男计划1575直播更新08.06直播【3】英语文都强化班英语一谭剑波强化写作高分宝典更新12讲【4】英语商志专项强化班英语二新题型更新第九讲，新题型题型四之2014年真题【5】英语商志专项强化班英语二小作文更新-第三讲，2014年小作文范文【6】英语商志专项强化班英语二大作文更新三讲【7】英语商志专项强化班英语一新题型更新第九讲2015年真题【8】英语商志专项强化班英语一小作文更新一讲【9】英语有道暑期特训班更新30讲【10】数学文都强化班网课版高数强化更新65-79讲【11】政治有道暑期特训班毛中特更新9讲【12】政治有道暑期特训班史纲更新4讲【13】政治启航强化班王吉龙腾面授强化班-史纲强化更新8讲，附配套讲义8月8日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】英语文都强化班面授谭剑波英语二面授强化班新题型更新11讲【2】英语名师直播课何凯文专项K男计划1575词汇速记补充8月4号直播课【3】英语考虫英语一强化新题型更新04讲【完】【4】英语考虫英语一强化写作翻译更新至10讲【完】【5】英语考虫英语一强化仔细阅读更新至11-14讲【完】【6】英语启航真题班英语一更新16课时【7】英语启航真题班英语二更新8课时【8】英语有道暑期特训班唐宇阅读更新2-3讲【9】英语有道暑期特训班晨曲更新17讲【10】政治肖秀荣专项全程班毛中特更新9、10、11、12章【11】政治启航真题班更新9讲【12】333教育学强化班教育学原理更新24课时8月9日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】英语名师直播课朱伟专项新增课程Talk like Ted 更新第一次课演讲比赛及颁奖典礼【2】英语名师直播课朱伟专项瓦尔登湖更新第十次直播课【3】英语名师直播课何凯文专项k男计划之1575词汇替换8月6日直播课并补充上课讲义【4】英语文都强化班面授谭剑波英语二面授作文更新23讲更新完毕【5】英语商志专项强化班英语一新题型更新2课时【6】政治启航强化班王吉毛中特面授更新至16课时【7】数学v研客强化班高数下更新至36课时更新完毕8月10日课程更新通知【全年每日更新,从未间断】【1】数学文都汤家凤真题班13年（数一）真题讲解更新5讲【2】数学文都汤家凤真题班-03年（数二）真题讲解更新4讲【3】数学文都汤家凤真题班-03年（数三）真题讲解更新3讲【4】数学文都面授强化班余丙森版面授强化班概率论强化更新8-12讲【5】数学文都面授强化班郭传德版面授强化班线代强化更新8讲【6】数学张伟专项概率论强化班更新09-17讲【7】数学张宇书籍配套视频1000题刷题班线代更新5、6讲【8】英语名师直播课何凯文专项k男计划1575词汇精讲更新kk第二晚直播课【9】英语启航强化班翻译邵宁更新【10】政治启航强化班马原阮晔更新至11讲【11】政治启航强化班毛中特李先灵更新至16讲【12】政治启航强化班史纲孔昱力更新至9讲【13】政治启航强化班讲义全部上传8月11日课程更新通知【全年每日更新,从未间断】【1】数学新东方强化班概率强化班张宇更新五大章（全网独家更新）【2】数学张宇书籍配套视频1000题刷题班高数第二轮更新7讲【3】数学文都强化班网课强化班讲义全部上传【4】英语名师直播课何凯文专项k男1575词汇精讲更新8月7日直播课讲义并补充前两讲讲义【5】英语文都强化班面授班英语一谭剑波写作【6】政治腿姐专项破壳抢分班近三次直播课讲义上传【7】政治新东方直播课100天决战选择题更新第3、4次直播课8月12日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】政治肖秀荣专项全程班马原更新第四讲上和下（全网独家首发）【2】政治石磊专项强化班抢分暑期强化班思修更新4讲【3】政治启航强化班毛中特王吉更新完毕并附讲义【4】政治启航强化班史纲王吉更新完毕带讲义【5】英语名师直播课朱伟专项瓦尔登湖更新08.09日直播即第十一次直播【6】英语名师直播课朱伟专项第二季题源报刊精读30篇更新第6次课程【7】英语商志专项英语一完型填空更新第十八篇【8】英语商志专项英语一完型填空更新第十九篇【9】英语商志专项英语一完型填空更新第二十四篇三讲【10】英语商志专项英语一新题型精讲更新题型1总论及大纲样题【11】数学张宇书籍配套视频张宇1000题（数1.2.3）配套视频-高数第二轮更新8-10讲【13】18西综-北医李睿-马威高端专项小灶班更新最新直08.10日直播【14】18西综-研大-强化班-隋准内科更新26-36讲【15】18西综-研大-强化班-王强病理学更新11-18讲【16】18西综-研大-强化班-李欣外科更新6-10讲【17】18西综-刘忠保专项-医教园诊断学更新完毕【18】18西综-医教园-强化班-生物化学更新1-5讲【8】政治V研客强化班马原郭继承更新20讲【9】政治V研客强化班毛中特郭继承更新13讲【10】政治V研客强化班史纲郭继承更新9讲8月13日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】数学文都真题班数学一更新两年真题讲解【2】数学文都真题班数学二更新两年真题讲解【3】数学文都真题班数学三更新两年真题讲解【4】英语商志专项英语二完型填空更新第二十一篇【5】英语老蒋英语二专项大小作文精讲更新更新【6】政治新东方徐涛专项强化班沪江网全程强化班全部替换成高清无水印版本（全网独此一家）【7】政治有道强化班与暑期特训更新思修【8】18西综-徐琦专项-强化班外科学更新8讲【9】18西综-北医李瑞-外科强化-泌尿外科更新【10】18西综-文都-强化班大量更新【11】18管理类联考-幂学-英语二强化班更新【12】18管理类联考-幂学-数学-陈建基础班修复【13】18管理类联考-幂学-强化集中营-数学和逻辑大量更新【14】18管理类联考-老吕-暑期母题集训营-写作继续更新【15】18管理类联考-老吕-暑期母题集训营-更新数学【16】18管理类联考-老吕-母题集训营-逻辑更新【17】18管理类联考-文都-强化班-王城继续写作更新【18】18管理类联考-太奇-系统班大量更新又称强化【19】18管理类联考-鑫全-逻辑1000题补充更新第7套【20】18管理类联考-鑫全-逻辑强化班大量更新8月14日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】政治文都直播课任燕翔直播课更新至最新【2】政治启航强化班史纲孔昱力更新至17讲【3】政治肖秀荣专项1000题配套课程更新至最新8月15日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】数学文都真题班数学一2016年真题讲解更新5讲【2】数学文都真题班数学三2016年真题讲解更新6讲【3】英语商志专项英语一完型精讲班第22篇1-2讲（正式完结）【4】英语商志专项英语一完型精讲班第25篇1-3讲（正式完结）【5】英语商志专项英语二完型精讲班第24篇1-2讲（正式完结）【5】英语启航强化班翻译刘晓燕更新5-6讲【6】英语海文强化班开始更新【付博，蒋华主讲】【7】英语名师直播课朱伟专项历年真题解析视频讲义上传【8】英语文都强化班面授赵敏考研大冲关翻译强化更新17-33讲【9】英语文都强化班面授赵敏考研大冲关阅读强化更新20讲【10】英语文都强化班面授赵敏考研大冲关完型强化更新10讲【11】18西综―医教园―病理学基础班更新16章【12】18西综―刘忠宝―医教园内科学更新第7-9篇【13】18西综-文都-强化班-内科学更新完毕，共67讲【14】18西综-文都-强化班-病理学更新完毕【15】18西综-文都-强化班-外科学-开始更新8讲【16】18西综-文都-强化班-生理学-更新21-28讲【17】18西综-傲世天鹰-病理开始更新【不建议观看，官方紊乱】【18】18管理类联考-鑫全-强化班-数学更新最新7讲【19】18管理类联考-文都-强化班-数学开始更新8月16日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】英语名师直播课朱伟专项词组背多分更新51unit【2】英语名师直播课朱伟专项词组背多分更新52unit【3】英语新东方强化班翻译唐静英语一真题解析更新14-15年【4】数学考研帮强化班概率更新完毕共27讲，至此考研帮数学强化全部更新完毕【5】政治启航强化班王吉思修更新完毕，至此启航政治强化全部更新完毕8月17日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】政治肖秀荣专项全程班马原更新第五章【2】政治张鑫专项暑期VIP体系强化班马原精讲更新32讲【3】英语名师直播课朱伟专项welearn 系列之Talk Like Ted更新第二讲，即08.15日直播【4】英语名师直播课朱伟专项词组背多分更新至08.15日直播，即第54单元【5】英语名师直播课朱伟专项第二季题源报刊精读精读30篇更新第八次直播课即08.15日直播【6】英语商志专项强化班英语一翻译-更新2010年与2011年真题【7】英语商志专项强化班英语一翻译-更新1999-2001年真题【8】英语商志专项强化班英语一大作文-更新2012年大作文范文精讲【9】英语商志专项强化班英语二翻译-更新2010年翻译精讲【10】18管理类联考-幂学-逻辑强化班-更新6-8讲附讲义【11】18管理类联考-幂学-陈建数学强化班-代数-更新8讲【12】18管理类联考-幂学-写作-强化班更新6-8讲【13】18管理类联考-田然写作-题源精读更新11-12讲【14】18管理类联考-老吕-真题串讲班开始更新【15】18管理类联考-老吕-暑期集训营--数学更新16-18讲【16】18西综-研大-暑期强化班-外科学更新11-21讲【17】18西综-北医李瑞-马威高端专享-马威内科小灶【18】18西综-研大-暑期强化班-诊断学更新7讲【19】18西综-研大-暑期强化班-病理学王强更新30-37讲【20】18西综-研大-强化班-王强面授-生理学更新7讲8月18日课程更新通知【全年每日更新,从未间断】【1】政治肖秀荣专项全程课马原第六讲更新2课时【2】政治肖秀荣专项全程课马原第七讲更新【3】政治文都真题班更新19课时【4】英语新东方强化班英语一翻译唐静真题更新06-15年【5】英语新东方强化班英语二翻译唐静真题更新7课时8月19日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】政治腿姐陆寓丰专项面授班更新大量高端面授（全网只此一家独家更新）【2】政治肖秀荣专项全程班马原更新第七章【3】英语名师直播课朱伟专项词组背多分更新55-56讲【4】英语名师直播课朱伟专项瓦尔登湖更新08.14日直播【5】英语名师直播课朱伟专项第二季报刊精读30篇更新08.17日直播【6】英语商志专项强化班英语二翻译更新2010年，2013，2015年翻译真题讲解【7】英语文都强化班面授谭剑波英语一专用作文更新至25讲【8】英语文都强化班面授英语二阅读强化特训60篇谭剑波更新【9】数学张宇书籍配套视频张宇1000题刷题班-更新高第二轮11-12讲【10】数学张宇书籍配套视频张宇1000题刷题班-概率刷题班开始更新【11】18管理类联考-老吕-暑期母题集训营-写作更新最新一讲【12】18管理类联考-老吕-暑期母题集训营-数学更新最新两讲【13】18管理类联考-老吕-暑期母题集训营-逻辑更新最新三讲【14】18管理类联考-田然写作专项-写作直播更新3讲【15】18管理类联考-田然写作专项-写作强化开始更新【16】18西综-北医李瑞-马威高端小灶补充讲义8月20日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】数学v研客基础班复习全书精讲班高数全部上传（全网独家发布，其他地方的绝对都是不齐全的，我们花重金从官网购买的）【2】数学v研客基础班复习全书精讲班线代全部上传【3】数学v研客基础班复习全书精讲班概率全部上传【4】政治腿姐专项暑期答疑直播更新1讲+讲义【5】英语商志专项强化班英语一翻译历年真题更新最新5年【6】英语商志专项强化班英语二翻译历年真题更新2010年真题8月21日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】政治肖秀荣专项马原强化精讲更新第九讲【2】政治肖秀荣专项马原强化精讲更新第十讲【3】政治肖秀荣专项马原强化精讲更新第十一讲【4】政治腿姐专项暑期金牌通关破壳抢分更新第十四讲【5】政治考虫直播课考研时政大讲堂-两会热门考点梳理更新【6】政治考虫直播课考研时政大讲堂-习特会考点全梳理更新【7】政治考虫直播课知识点串讲-马原重点串讲更新【8】政治考虫直播课知识点串讲-思修重点串讲更新【9】数学V研客强化班线性代数李永乐补充第30讲【10】英语名师直播课朱伟专项词组贝多芬更新57、58unit【11】英语老蒋英语二专项强化班更新5-8讲8月22日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】英语新东方强化班新版本英语一直播密训写作王江涛【2】英语新东方强化班新版本英语二直播密训写作王江涛【3】英语名师直播课朱伟专项瓦尔登湖更新第十三次直播课即08.19日直播【4】政治张鑫专项腾讯课堂全程班更新强化班直播课堂马原更新【5】政治张鑫专项腾讯课堂全程班更新直播课堂毛中特和史纲【6】政治张鑫专项暑期高端vip强化面授班更新32讲【7】18西综-文都-强化班-内科学-更新完毕【8】18管理类联考-鑫全-逻辑1000题更新27-30套【9】18管理类联考-鑫全-数学强化-更新应用题【10】18管理类联考-文都-强化-数学更新20讲8月23日课程更新通知【全年每日更新，从未间断】【1】政治肖秀荣专项马原强化精讲更新第十二章【2】政治肖秀荣专项马原强化精讲补充更新第八章；【3】政治考虫时政大讲堂-淘遍“一带一路”考点【4】政治考虫时政大讲堂-暗潮涌动的朝核问题【5】政治考虫时政大讲堂-香港回归20周年考点梳理【6】政治考虫知识点串讲-毛中特重点串讲【7】政治考虫知识点串讲-史纲重点串讲【8】政治考虫知识点串讲-当代世纪重点串讲大家在18文件夹相应机构找，已经补充进了发给你们的18文件夹注：重磅消息，18西综、中综、管理类联考等课程大量更新，已经做到跟官网课程同步，需要的私聊我注：需要各种专业课视频的请私聊我百度云，直接发需要哪个专业课视频，如果这边有会回复百度云。
2021高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题5书面表达第2讲书信邮件最常考目的明确会套语素能强化2021
2021高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题5书面表达第2讲书信邮件最常考目的明确会套语素能强化20211216237真题题组第一组书面表达(邀请信)＋书面表达(举荐信)1(2021·全国Ⅱ)假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(paper－cutting)艺术展。
请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1．展览时刻、地点；2．展览内容。
注意：1．词数100左右；2．能够适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文赏读】Dear Henry，I am writing to invite you to attend the Chinese paper－cutting art exhibition to be held in the art gallery from 8：00 am to 5：00 pm next Sunday in our city center.Paper－cutting is a traditional art form in China，which has a history of more than 1,500 years. People often beautify their home with paper－cutting during festivals and weddings. In this exhibition，you can see paper－cutting with all kinds of patterns. In addition，there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot. I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.Looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua2(2020·陕西) 假定你是李华，在校报英语专栏看到了学校“英语文化节”的一则招募启事。
强化班补充材料
强化班补充材料雅思阅读补充材料T/F/NG 专项练习1．原文：It is almost impossible to write of the Arts in Australia without mentioning the building that first put Australia firmly on the world cultural map－the Sydney Opera House.题目：The Opera House drew world attention to the Arts in Australia.2．原文：The Opera House was designed not by an Australian but by a celebrated Danish architect, Jorn Utzon, whose design won an international competition in the late1950s. Its distinctive and highly original shape has been likened to everything fromthe sails of a sailing ship to broken eggshells, but few would argue with the claim thatthe Opera House is a major contribution to world architecture.题目：Utzon designed the roof to look like the sails of a sailing ship.3. 原文：Set amidst the graceful splendor of Sydney Harbour, presiding like a queen over thebustle and brashness of a modern city striving to forge a financial reputation in atough commercial world, it s a reminder to all Australians of their deep and abidinglove of all things cultural.题目：According to the author, Sydney is a quiet and graceful city.4. 原文：Utzon left the country before completing the project and in a fit of anger vowed never toreturn.题目：Utzon never returned to Australia to see the completed building.5. 原文：The Queen officially opened the building in 1975 and since the, within its curved andtwisted walls, audiences of all nationalities have been quick to acclaim the manyworld-class performances of stars from the Australian opera, ballet and theatre.题目：Australian artists give better performances in the Opera House.6. 原文：Chances are, if you live in a city, you have not seen one for some time. Even in wet areasonce teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy,hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom.题目：Frogs are disappearing only from city areas.7. 原文：All over the world, and even in remote parts of Australia, frogs are losing the ecologicalbattle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise.题目：Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.8. 原文：The danger is that planet Earth might not only lose a vital link in the ecological foodchain (frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilen t insects at manageable levels)…题目：Frogs are important in the ecosystem because they control pests.9. 原文：It exhibited some very strange behaviour; instead of giving birth to tadpoles in the water,it raised its young within its stomach. The baby frogs were actually born from out oftheir mother's mouth.题目：Frogs usually give birth to their young in an underwater nest.10. 原文：Unfortunately, this freak of nature is not the only frog species to have been lost in题目：Eight frog species have become extinct so far in Australia.11. 原文：Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breedingcycles of frogs.题目：It is a fact that frogs' breeding cycles are upset by worldwide in creases in temperature.12. 原文：Because of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often beencriticized by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computerusers.题目：The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous.13. 原文：In fact, it would be true to say that both Australian Labor Party and the Liberal Partyconsist of conservative, moderate and radical elements, and therefore the generalpublic is often perplexed about which party to vote for.题目：Radical groups are only found within the Labor Party.14. 原文：Welfare societies tend towards bankruptcy unless government spending is kept incheck..题目：Welfare-based societies invariably become bankrupt.15. 原文：Thus, for instance, at the last election there was the No Aircraft Noise Party, popular incertain city areas, and the Green Party, which is almost solely concerned withenvironmental issues.题目：The No-Aircraft-Noise Party is only popular in the city.16. 原文：Nowadays, without a qualification from a reputable school or university, the odds oflanding that plum job advertised in the paper are considerably shortened.题目：It is impossible these days to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.17. 原文：It is no secret that competition is the driving force behind the need to obtainincreasingly higher qualifications. In the majority of cases, the urge to upgrade is nolonger the result of an insatiable thirst for knowledge.题目：Most people who upgrade their qualifications do so for the joy of learning.18. 原文：Naturally, although there is agreement that learning can cause stress, Gatsby'scomments regarding university standards have been roundly criticised as alarmist bymost educationists who point out that, by any standard of measurement, Australia'seducation system overall, at both secondary and tertiary levels, is equal to that of anyin the world.题目：Australia's education system is equal to any in the world in the opinion of most educationists.19. 原文：Wealthy parents have always been willing to spend the vast amounts of extra moneynecessary to send their children to schools with a perceived educational edge.题目：Some parents spend extra on their children's education because of the prestige attached to certain schools20.原文：For example, it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihoodof arrest only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received by thepolice. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes, still quite a rapid response, thelikelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.题目：A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught.21. 原文：Booking in advance is strongly recommended as all Daybreak tours are subject todemand. Subject to availability, stand by tickets can be purchased from the driver.题目：Tickets must be bought in advance from an authorized Daybreak agent.22. 原文：In Sydney, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palatesand pockets.题目：There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past.23. 原文：Of the 26 species that are known to have become successful integrated into the local.题目：At least twenty-six of the introduced species have become established in Australia. 24. 原文：In the clash between environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence isin fact crucial to the survival of the forest, have suffered the most.题目：The indigenous Amazonian Indians are necessary to the well-being of the forest.25. 原文：Los Angeles has some of the world’s cleanest cars－far better than those of Europe－but the t otal number of miles those cars drive continue to grow.题目：Residents of Los Angeles are now tending to reduce the yearly distances they travel by car.26. 原文：According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying thework wear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22% account for 85% of totalsales-＄380 million in 1994题目：Most businesses that supply company clothing are successful.27. 原文：Most people think of the cultures represented in the collection in terms of the absenceof advanced technology. In fact, traditional practices draw on a continuing wealth oftechnological ingenuity.题目：Traditional societies are highly inventive in terms of technology.28. 原文：Singapore has for a while had a scheme that forces drivers to buy a badge if they withto visit a certain part of the city. Singapore is advancing in this direction, with acity-wide network of transmitters to collect information and charge drivers as theypass certain points. When the local government in Cambridge, England, consideredintroducing Singaporean techniques, it faced vocal and ultimately successfulopposition.题目：Charging drivers for entering certain parts of the city has been successfully done in Cambridge, England.29. 原文：With declining birthrates and an anticipated shortage of new entrants to thework force, early retirement will become an issue for organizations toexplore in more detail .题目：Organizations need to examine in more detail the effects of a declining birthrate 30. 原文：They hunted by preference whales ,walruses, caribou and seals, although polar bears,birds and any other edible animal might be taken in a pinch, The Arctic has very littleedible vegetation, although Inuit did supplement their diet with seaweed.题目：Inuit hunters prefer to eat walruses and birds.Answer keys:1-10 T F F NG NG F T T NG F11-20 F F F F NG F F T NG T21-30 F NG T T F F T F F FList of Headings 补充练习Exercise 1Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.1. Section A2. Section B3. Section C4. Section D5. Section E6. Section F7. Section GUnderstanding Bee BehaviourAA bee’s brain is the size of a grass seed, yet in this tiny brain are encoded some of the most complex and amazing behavioural patterns witnessed outside humankind. For bees are arguably the only animals apart from humans which have their own language. Earlier this century Karl V on Frisch, a professor of Zoology at Munich University, spent decades of “the purest joy of discovery” unraveling the mysteries of bee behaviour. For his astonishing achievements he was awarded the Nobel Prize and it is from His work that most of today’s knowledge of what bees say to each other derives.B.It started simply enough. Von Frisch knew from experiments by an earlier researcher that if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it but, once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup. Von Frisch realized that, in some way, messages were being passed on back at the hive, messages which said, ‘out there, at this spot, you’re going to find food.’CBut how was it happening? To watch the bees, V on Frisch constructed a glass-sided hive. He found that, once the scout bees arrived back at the hive, they would perform one of three dance types. In the first type, a returning scout scampered in circles, alternating to right and left, stopping occasionally to regurgitate food samples to the excited bees chasing after her. In the second dance, clearly and extended version of this round dance, she performed a sickle-shaped figure-of-eight pattern instead. In the third, distinctly different dance, she started by running a short distance in a straight line, waggling her body from side to side, and returning in a semi-circle to the starting point before repeating the process. She also stopped from time to time to give little bits of food to begging bees. Soon the others would excitedly leave the hive in search of food. Minutes later, many of them, marked by V on Frisch, could be seen eating at the bowls of sugar syrup.DExperimenting further, V on Frisch unraveled the mystery of the first two related types, the roundand the sickle dances. These dances, he concluded, told the bees simply that, within quite short distances of the hive there was a food source worth chasing. The longer and more excitedly the scout danced, the richer the promise of the food source. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this particular food was the one they were looking for. The others would then troop out of the hive and fly in spiraling circles ‘sniffing’ in the wind for the promised food.EAt first, Von Frisch thought the bees were responding only to the scent of the food. But what did the third dance mean? And If bees were responding only to the scent, how could they also ‘sniff down’ food hundreds of metres away from the hive, food which was sometimes downwind? On a hunch, he started gradually moving the feeding dish further and further away and noticed as he did so, that the dances of the returning scout bees also started changing. If he placed the feeding dish over nine metres away, the second type of dance, the sickle version, came into play. But once he moved it past 36 metres, the scouts would then start dancing the third, quite different, waggle dance.The measurement of the actual distance too, he concluded, was precise. For example, a deeding dish 300 metres away was indicated by 15 complete runs through the pattern in 30 seconds. When the dish was moved to 60 metres away, the number dropped to 11.FV on Frisch noted something further. When the scout bees came home to tell their sisters about the food source, sometimes they would dance outside on the horizontal entrance platform of the hive, and sometimes on the vertical wall inside. And, depending on where they danced, the straight portion of the waggle dance would point in different directions. The outside dance was fairly easy to decode: the straight portion of the dance pointed directly to the food source, so the bees would merely have to decode the distance message and fly off in that direction to find their food.GBut studying the dance on the inner wall of the hive, V on Frisch discovered a remarkable method which the dancer used to tell her sisters the direction of the food in relation to the sun. When inside the hive, the dancer cannot use the sun, so she uses gravity instead. The direction of the sun is represented by the top of the hive wall. If she runs straight up, this means that the feeding place is in the same direction as the sun. However, if, for example, the feeding place is 40° to the left of the sun, then the dancer would run 40° to the left of the vertical line. This was to be the first of von Frisch’s remarkable discoveries. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable discoveries. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study of animal behaviour.Answer Keys:1. Section A VI2. Section B IV3. Section C X4. Section D VIII5. Section E VII6. Section F II7. Section G VExercise 2Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of heading below. Write the appropriate numbers (i-x) in boxes 12-16 on your answer sheet.2. Paragraph C3. Paragraph DPEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS: THE SELECTION ISSUEA In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 British companies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-mortem analysis is traditionally undertaken by accountants and market strategists. Unarguably organisations do fail because of undercapitalisation, poor financial management, adverse market conditions etc. Yet, conversely, organisations with sound financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen often underperform and fail to meet shareholders' expectations. The complexity, degree and sustainment of organisational performance requires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet and the "paper conversion" of financial inputs into profit making outputs. A more complete explanation of "what went wrong" necessarily must consider the essence of what an organisation actually is and that one of the financial inputs, the most important and often the most expensive, is people.B An organisation is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition to acquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection.C Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in a particular organisational setting. The individual has to "fit" in with the work environment, with other employees, with the organisational climate, style or work, organisation and culture of the organisation. Different organisations have different cultures (Cartwright & Cooper, 1991; 1992). Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience to working in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey.D Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman areabout £ 20,000 (approx. US$ 30,000). The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit (PE-fit) is likely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organisational commitment and employee stress, which affect organisational outcomes i.e. productivity, high labour turnover and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i.e. physical, psychological and mental well-being.E However, despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticated and more objective selection techniques available, including the use of psychometric tests, assessment centres etc., many organisations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, the interviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial "accept" or "reject" decision. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor predictor of future job performance and fares little better that more controversial methods like graphology and astrology. In times of high unemployment,! recruitment becomes a "buyer's market" and this was the case in Britain during the 1980s.F The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and economic trends in the European community show that Europe's population is falling and getting older, The birth rate in the Community is now only three-quarters of the level needed to ensure replacement of the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted that more than one in four Europeans will be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be under 20. In a five-year period between 1983 and 1988 the Community's female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51% of all women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% of men.G The changing demographics will not only affect selection ratios. They will also make it increasingly important for organisations wishing to mainta in their competitive edge to be more responsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain and develop their human resources. More flexible working hours, the opportunity of work from home or job share, the provision of childcare facilities etc., will play a major role in attracting and retaining staff in the future.Questions 6-11Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2In boxes 17-22 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the writerNO if the statement does not agree with the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage6. Organisations should recognise that their employees are a significant part of theirfinancial assets.7. Open-structured 45 minute interviews are the best method to identify suitable employees.8. The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a positive trend.9. Graphology is a good predictor of future fob performance.10. In the future, the number of people in employable age groups will decline.11. In 2020, the percentage of the population under 20 will be smaller than now.1. IV2. VIII3. V4. III5. I6. YES7. NO8. NG9. NO 10. YES 11. YESSummary 补充练习Exercise AA commonly drawn distinction is between pre-history, i.e. the period before written record s- and history in the narrow sense, meaning the study of the past using written evidence. To archaeology, which studies all cultures and periods, whether with or without writing, the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenient dividing line that recognizes the importance of the written word, but in no way lessens the importance of the useful information contained in oral histories.Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding of humankind, it is a humanistic study, and since it deals with the human past, it is a historical discipline. But if differs from the study of written history in a fundamental way. The material the archaeologist finds does not tell us directly what to think. Historical records make statements, offer opinions and pass judgements. The objects the archaeologists discover, on the other hand, tell us nothing directly in themselves. In this respect, the practice of the archaeologist is rather like that of the scientist, who collects data, conducts experiments, formulates a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis against more data, and then, in conclusion, devises a model that seems best to summarise the pattern observed in the data. The archaeologist has to develop a picture of the past, just as the scientist has to develop a coherent view of the natural world.Complete the summary of the two paragraphs. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Much of the work of archaeologists can be done using written records but they find ___1_____ equally valuable. The writer describes archaeology as both a __2____ and a ___3_____. However, as archaeologists do not try to influence human behaviour, the writer compares their style of working to that of a ___4____.Exercise BA representative sample of language, compiled for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as a corpus. A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage, and it provides accessible data for the use of different researchers. Its range and size are variable. Some corpora attempt to cover the language as a whole, taking extracts from many kinds of text; others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals only with a particular linguistic feature. The size of the corpus depends on practical factors, such as the time available to collect, process and store the data: it can take up to several hours to provide an accurate transcription of a few minutes of speech. Sometimes a small sample of data will be enough to decide a linguistic hypothesis; by contrast, corpora in major research projects can total millions of words. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of nativespeakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the paragraphA linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on ___5_____. Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a ___6____. The length of time the process takes will affect the ___7____ of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the ___8____ of those who speak the language concerned.Exercise CWe have found that the blind understand other kinds of visual metaphors as well. One blind woman drew a picture of a child inside a heart- choosing that symbol, she said, to show that love surrounded the child. With Chang Hong Liu, a doctoral student from China, I have begun exploring how well blind people understand the symbolism behind shapes such as hearts that do not directly represent their meaning.We gave a list of twenty pairs of words to sighted subjects and asked them to pick from each pair the term that best related to a circle and the term that best related to a square. For example, we asked: What goes with soft? A circle or a square? Which shape goes with hard?All our subjects deemed the circle soft and the square hard. A full 94% ascribed happy to the circle, instead of sad. But other pairs revealed less agreement: 79% matched fast to slow and weak to strong, respectively. And only 51% linked deep to circle and shallow to square. When we tested four totally blind volunteers using the same list, we found that their choices closely resembled those made by the sighted subjects. One man, who had been blind since birth, scored extremely well. He made only one match differing from the consensus, assigning ‘far’ to square and ‘near’ to circle. In fact, only a small majority of sighted subjects-53%- had paired far and near to the opposite partners. Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do. Complete the summary below using words from the box.NB Y ou may use any word more than once.A set of word __9___ was used to investigate whether blind and sighted people perceived the symbolism in abstract __10___ in the same way. Subjects were asked which word fitted best with a circle and which with a square. From the _11___ volunteers, everyone thought a circle fitted ‘soft’ while a square fitted ‘hard’. However, only 51% of the __12__volunteers assigned a circle to __13__. When the test was later repeated with __14_volunteers, it was found that they madeExcersise A1. oral histories2. humanistic study3. historical discipline4. scientistExersise B5. frequency of usage6. particular linguistic feature7. size8. intuitionsExersise C9. pairs 10. shapes 11. sighted 12. sighted 13. deep 14. blind 15. similarMatching 补充练习Why some women cross the finish line ahead of menA Women who apply for jobs in middle or senior management have a higher success rate than men, according to an employment survey. But of course far fewer of them apply for these positions. The study, by recruitment consultants NB Selection shows that while one in six men who appear on interview shortlists get jobs, the figure rises to one in four for women.B The study concentrated on applications for management positions in the $ 45,000 to $110,000 salary range and found that women are more successful than men in both the private and public sectors. Dr Elisabeth Marx from London-based NB Selection described the findings as encouraging for women , in that they send a positive message to them to apply for interesting management positions. But she added, “We should not lose sight of the fact that significantly fewer women apply for senior positions in comparison with men.”C Reasons for higher success rates among women are difficult to isolate. One explanation suggested is that if a woman candidate manages to get on a shortlist, then she has probably already proved herself to be an exceptional candidate. Dr Marx said that when women apply for positions they tend to be better qualified than their male counterparts but are more selective and conservative in their job search. Women tend to research thoroughly before applying for positions or attending interviews. Men, on the other hand, seem to rely on their ability to sell themselves and to convince employers that any shortcomings they have will not prevent them from doing a good job.D Managerial and executive progress made by women is confirmed by the annual survey of boards of directors carried out by Korn/Ferry/Carre/Orban International. This year the survey shows a doubling of the number of women serving as non-executive directors compared with the previous year. However, progress remains painfully slow and there were still only 18 posts filled by women out of a total of 354 non-executive positions surveyed. Hilary Sears, a partner with Korn/Ferry, said , “Women have raised the level of grades we are employed in but we have still not broken through barriers to the top.”E In Europe a recent feature of corporate life in the recession has been the de-layering of management structures. Sears said that this had halted progress for women in as much as de-layering has taken place either where women are working or in layers they aspire to. Sears also noted a positive trend from the recession, which has been the growing number of women who have started up on their own.F in business as a whole, there are a number of factors encouraging the prospect of greater equality in the workforce. Demographic trends suggest that the number of women going into employment is steadily increasing. In addition a far greater number of women are now passing through higher education, making them better qualified to move into management positions.G Organisation such as the European Women’s Mangement development Network provide a range of opportunities for women to enhance their skills and contacts. Through a series of both。
考研英语作文书哪本好
李擂
《考研经综数学导学讲义》
无
逻辑真题解析
了解逻辑真题的主要考查内容，试题结构，预测逻辑真题的命题趋向
2
王晓东
《经济类联考综合真题及其答案》
高等数学基础班
全面学习高等数学的基本知识点，理解基本概念，掌握基本运算方法，为
强化提高打下基础。
16
李擂
《考研经综数学基础讲义》
《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心教程》
打基础
20
刘京环
《考研管综初数基础讲义-刘京环》
《管理类联考数学阅卷人核心教程》
数学强化
依据考试大纲及历真题介绍管理数学数学主要知识点，归纳总结命题方向
饶思中
《考研管综逻辑强化讲义》
《管理类联考数学阅卷人核心笔记·逻辑》
《管理类联考数学阅卷人核心笔记·写作》
《管理类联考数学阅卷人核心笔记·写作》
数学冲刺
分析：何凯文主编的《写作高分攻略》也还可以吧，主要讲解英语写作策
略，从句子到段落再到语篇的连贯与衔接，一点一点详细地讲解作文写作的
技巧。
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经济类联考数学全程规划班
掌握经济类联考数学的复习方法，制定全复习规划
获得了很多考研童鞋的青睐。虽然160篇作文，从数量上来说比较丰富，但
是书籍的编排顺序详略得当，重点突出，主次分明。不论是对于基础比较
好，还是特别差的英语一童鞋，都能从这本书籍中找到适合自己复习作文的
方法，针对性和适用性相对来说比较强。
新东方《考研英语高分写作》——适合基础比较好的学生，提升写作技
巧
考研英语(二)强化班-翻译(钟平)课件
Although not so world widely accepted, people who are emotionally weak in daily business are often losers who are not able to fulfill any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure.Science developed as an autonomous method of intellectual inquiry that successfully disengaged itself from the social constrains of organized religion and from the political constrains of the centralized modern authority.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.Private businessmen. striving to make profits, produce these goods andservices in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Under a system deployed on the white house website for the first time at last time, those who want to send a message to President Bush must now navigate as many as nine web pages and fill out a detailed form that starts by asking whether the sender of the message supports the white house policy or differs with it.These comments, whether accepted, clarified the norms and requirements of the covenant which was already in power in practice and enabled the committee to make a significant contribution to the justice promotion in a particular right or issue, while other article has failed to function as has been expected in those meetings which was held with great hope.The American economic system is organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind and it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.In short，a leader of the new school contends，the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Under modern conditions，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with across-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought，Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a societyWhorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a societyI shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems .Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ; but this effect is not a part of its original motive。
超实用高考英语复习：说明文概要写作课件-高三英语二轮复习
2 In the morning, … usually in the
3
reasons
4
5
suggestions
best conditions.
If we get up early …become much healthier.
We will also have …work or study of the day …
significance Rising
2. Getting up early plays an import part in our life.
be of great importance
play an important part Synonyms
A word or an expression which means the same as another word or expression
Step 2. Explore for the key information of each paragraph (划主题句,找关键信息)
Exposition Para.
Key points
（说明文） 1
Getting up early is of great
topic
importance to us all.
para.1: Getting up early is of great importance to us all.
para.2:
___________________________________
para.3:
____________________________________
para.4:
synonyms（近义词）
牛津版英语七年级上—U4-U7综合复习—语法强化—话题阅读—语音—作文：How to sta
Part 1 U4-U7词汇复习Unit 4:1．单词1n. 一幢楼房11n. 经理2n. 建筑师12n. (交通)事故；意外遭遇3n. 建筑13prep．朝着；向着4n. 公司14n．摩托车手5v．打字15adj．受伤的6n. 搬迁；迁移16adj．伤残的；破损的7v. 营救17n．臂；手臂；上肢8v. 分发；递送18n. 发动机；引擎9n. 邻居19n. 消防车，救火车10n. 会议20v. 搬，扛2．词组和短语1与……一样……6为……效力；为……工作2将（某物）搬到（某地）7上班3记笔记8撞倒4着火9和……（都）5逃跑10在某人去某地的路上Unit 5:1.单词1v. 选择；挑选7n. 帮手；助手2n. 卧室8n. 电视机3n. 浴室；厕所9prep. 与……相对；在……对面1. 7A U4-U7词汇与句型复习Unit 6:Unit 7:Part 2 句型复习Translate Chinese into English.（汉译英）U41. Mrs. Wang, Miss Tang, Susan and David live in _______ _______（相同的）block of flats as Ben and Kitty.2. She ________ ________（为…工作）a construction company.3. He _______（搬）people’s furniture to their new flats.4. Who wears a uniform ________ ________（工作中）?5. Sam ran away because he was _______（害怕的）.6. Every morning, Tom sees a lot of people _______ ________ _______ ________ _________（在他上学的路上）.7. Ben ______ ________ ________ _________ (有一条受伤的胳膊）and the motorcyclist had a broken leg.8. Next, the policeman _______（阻止）the traffic to let the fire engine come quickly to the scene.9. He _______（看见）the street cleaners ________（打扫）the streets.U51. I _______ ________（想要）a flat with three big bedrooms, a big kitchen, two bathrooms and a balcony.2. Put it near the big window. Then put the plant ________ ________（靠近）it.3. The living room in the old flat is _________ _________（比…更小）the one in the new flat.4. I ________（需要）more shelves and wardrobes. I also need a table for my daughter.5. The old flat is near Kitty’s school, but the new flat is ________ ________（远离）her school.6. _________ __________（有）some shelves and some cupboards.U61. -Where is Water Bay on the map of Garden City?-It's _______ _______ ________ __________（在北方）the map.2. It ________（花费）about forty minutes.3. _______ ________ ________ _______ （方便）go shopping in your new neighbourhood?4. _______ ________（没有）any shops or restaurants.5. _______（当…时候）we lived in the city centre, we got up late and walked to school.6. It's winter _________（因为）people are wearing warm clothes and gloves.U71. We ________（不准）leave rubbish. It’s a warning sign.2. This sign tells us how and ________ _________ ________（去哪里）.3. The player who rolls a six on the dice goes first. Then all the other players ______ _______（轮流）to roll the dice.4. If you land on a sign, you must say what it means. If you don’t know, you _______ ______ _______（错过一轮）.PracticeI. Choose the best answer: （选择最恰当的答案）(共20分)1. I saw the boy ______ out a moment ago.A. runB. runsC. to runD. ran2. Mr. Lin wanted to ______ who broke the window.A. findB. look forC. find outD. discover3. Jack works ______ a removal man.A. onB. asC. ofD. for4. When the baby saw his mum, he stopped ______ and began to smile.A. cryB. criedC. to cryD. crying5. Are you ______ to carry the heavy box?A. enough strongB. strong enoughC enough weak D. weak enough6. There ______ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. hasB. is going to haveC. will haveD. is going to be7. It’s very ______ to go to the downtown by bus. The bus station is next to my house.A. difficultB. easyC. convenientD. quiet8. My new flat is ______ the south of Old Town.A. inB. onC. atD. to9. We ______ to tidy up the room.A. in turnB. take turnC. take turnsD. turn10 Look! A beautiful butterfly is ______ on the big rock.A. landB. landingC. taking offD. will landII. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)：（共8分）1. His dream is to become an __________. (engine)2. The mailman __________ the mail once a week in this area those days.(delivery)3. I need __________ (many) shelves and cupboards.4. His uncle was a __________ man ten years ago. But now he is the manager of a moving company. (remove)5. The __________ of the agency are friendly to the customers. (agency)6. This sign tells us things we must not do. It's a __________ sign. (warn)7. I prefer the quiet countryside to the __________ cities. (noise)8. It’s a great __________ to live in town. (convenient)III. Rewrite the following sentences as required (根据所给要求，改写下列句子，每空格限填一词)：（共12分）1. The SPCA looks after animals in many countries. (保持句意不变)The SPCA __________ __________ __________ animals in many countries.__________ __________ __________ __________ would you like?3. The new bakery is near our flat. (保持句意不变)The new bakery is not __________ __________ our flat.4. This sign tells us to turn left. (改为否定句)This sign __________ __________ us to turn left.5. Mrs. Wang is a famous engineer. （对划线部分提问）__________ __________ Mrs. Wang?6. It takes me 30 minutes to go to the supermarket. (对划线部分提问)__________ __________ does it take you to the supermarket?2. U4-U7语法强化复习PracticeI. Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案)1. There ______ a concert in the theatre this weekend. Will you go with me?A. will haveB. will beC. isD. has2. – Must I leave right now?– No, you ______.A. may notB. can'tC. mustn'tD. needn't3. When I passed his room, I heard him ______ English lessons in it.A. readB. readsC. was readingD. reading4. Mr. and Mrs. Black ______ tea in the garden now.A. drinkB. drankC. are drinkingD. will drink5. There is going to _______ English film in the evening.A. be anB. have anC. be aD. has a6. There is going to ______ a lecture on “How to look after pets” next week.A. hasB. haveC. isD. be7. –Why do you look so happy?– Our family ______ to go on a trip on the National Day.A. planB. has plannedC. are planningD. planned8. It’s getting hotter and hotter. The temperature ______.A. is raisingB. is risingC. raisedD. rose9. We ______ talk loudly in the library.A. mustB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. need10. -You must be here at six tomorrow morning.-Sorry, I ______ be here so early.A. can’tB. mayC. needn’tD. mustII. Rewrite the following sentences as required. (按要求改写句子。
超实用高考英语复习：中国传统节日春节邀请信写作
feast on New Year’s Eve, setting off fireworks, going to temple fairs and so on.
举例： Besides, you can also put on Spring Festival couplets on doors and put up paper
（9）come back for the reunion 回家团聚
（10）have a family reunion dinner吃团圆饭
（11）go to temple fairs 逛庙会
Fall on the first day of the first lunar month Celebrate, last
养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前， 要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌 跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要 善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检 查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。 在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面 对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”， 遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再 梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲 刺复习方法。
7.以下是活动的具体事项。 Here are some details about this activity.
8.你来了之后可以参加各种活动。 When you come, you will take part in various activities.
2020版高考二轮复习专题五书面表达层级三第一讲应用文写作专题强化训练(英语 解析版)
A假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友William寒假期间要来中国游玩，行程中计划在你家住三天，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1．住宿条件；2．活动安排；3．其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。
注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________One possible version：Dear William，I am delighted to know that you are coming to China，and especially excited that you will stay in my house. Now，I’d like to tell you some relevant information about your stay here.The bedroom in which you will live is bright and pleasant. A variety of books as well as a computer are available. Of course you have easy access to the network. What’s more, I intend to show you around my city where you can visit some places of interest. By the way, we are having a cold winter here. So, be sure to bring your winter clothes.I am sure you will have a wonderful experience here. Looking forward to your coming.Yours，Li HuaB假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom将来你家共度除夕，你打算当天下午去地铁站接他。