中山陵中英文导游词
中山陵中英文导游词 说起中山陵，当然要提到它的主人--伟大的中国民-主革命先行者孙中山先生。下面是学习啦带来的中山陵中英文导游词，希望可以帮助到大家。 各位游客：在到达中山陵之前，先向大家简要地介绍一下孙中山先生的生平。孙中山，姓孙名文，字逸仙，在日本从事革命活动时曾化名“中山樵”。他于1866年11月12日生于广东省香山县翠亨村(现已改为中山市)，是中国辛亥革命的领袖。孙中山早年曾求学海外，1892年毕业于香港西医学院，曾一度行医。20世纪初年的中国，灾难深重，清政府与帝国主义列强签订了丧权辱国的《辛丑条约》，使中国完全陷入半殖民地半封建社会的苦难深渊。目睹清政府的****，孙中山毅然放弃行医，投身革命，于1905年8月和一批资产阶级革命的知识分子，在日本东京组织成立了中国近代史上第一个带有资产阶级政党性质的组织“中国同盟会”，提出了“民族、民生、民权”即“三民主义”的革命纲领。从1907年到1911年10月前，同盟会在我国华南地区不断发动武装起义，特别是在1911年4月27日发动了广州起义。广州起义虽然最终遭到失败，但为同年10月10日的武昌起义取得胜利奠定了基础。从此各省纷纷响应，****了000多年的中国封建帝制，这就是中国近代史上影响深刻、意义深远的一次伟大革命——辛亥革命。 1911年12月29日，在中央临时政府会议上，大家一致推举孙中山为中华民国临时大总统，商议成立中国临时政府并定都南京，确定1912年为民国元年。1912年1月l日，孙中山从上海到南京就任临时大总统。但因袁世凯的扶持和革命党人的妥协，1912年4月1日，孙中山正式辞去临时大总统职，袁世凯窃取了革命果实，并定都北京。革命虽然受到挫折，但是孙中山先生没有气馁，继续展开了护法运动、护国运动、讨袁运动。1924年1月同中国共产党进行了第一次合作，并提出了“联俄、联共、扶助农工”的“新三民主义”。直到肝癌晚期，他仍忍着病痛，北上与冯玉祥商讨国事。1925年3月12日，终因肝病恶化在北京逝世。 孙中山先生生前十分喜欢钟山(紫金山)。早在1912年，就任临时大总统时，就曾登山游览。同年4月1日被解除大总统之职后，来这里打猎，看到这里山水相依，气势雄伟，就有了他回长眠此山的想法。在北京弥留之际，他还念念不忘这一夙愿，再三叮嘱左右。当然，孙中山葬于紫金山，不仅仅是个人的愿望，还有一个重要的原因，那就是南京曾是革命的策源地和临时政府所在地，孙中山先生长眠于此，表示了讨伐帝制和继续革命的决心。 为了尊重孙中山先生的遗愿，由孙夫人宋庆龄，儿子孙科等人组成的孙中山葬事筹备处，通过登报悬奖，征集陵墓设计方案。在众多的应征者中，年仅3岁的青年建筑师吕彦直设计的警钟形图案被一致评为首奖。他本人也被聘主持全部工程。吕彦直是山东省东平县人，1894年生于天津。早年在清华大学建筑系毕业后，被公费派往美国康奈尔大学深造，得到美国著名设计师茂菲的指导，回国后，在上海开设“彦记建筑事务所”。为了设计南京中山陵和广州中山纪念堂，呕心沥血，不辞辛劳。在工程接近尾声时，身患肝癌，于1929年3月18日病逝，时年36岁。 Dear visitors: before reaching the sun yat-sen’s mausoleum, begin by telling you a brief introduction of sun yat-sen’s life. Sun yat-sen, named sun wen, word yat-sen, engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan once known as “zhongshan firewood”. He was born on November 12, 186in xiangshan county of guangdong province tsui (now zhongshan city), is the leader of the revolution in China. Sun yat-sen once studied abroad in his early years, in 189graduated from the Hong Kong institute of medicine, was once to practice medicine. Of the0 (superscript th) century China, disaster, the qing government to sign the country with the imperialist powers of the national treaty, making China into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society completely suffering abyss. * * * * witnessed the qing government, sun yat-sen resolutely give up practicing medicine, devoted to the revolution, in August 190and a group of bourgeois revolutionary intellectuals, organization set up in Tokyo Japan in China’s modern history the first organisation with a nature of bourgeois parties “Chinese brothers”, put forward the “nation, the people’s livelihood, civil rights,” that is, “three people’s principles” revolutionary programme. From 190to October 1907, brothers in our country continuously launch armed uprising in south China, especially in the April7, 1911, launched the guangzhou uprising. Guangzhou uprising, though ultimately failed, for the same year on October 10, the wuchang uprising victory laid a foundation. From then on, the provinces have, * * * * for over000 years of Chinese feudal monarchy, the profound and far-reaching influence of China’s modern history a great revolution, the revolution. On December9, 1911, in the central of the interim government meeting, everybody unanimously elected sun yat-sen as the provisional President of the republic of China, to discuss China’s temporary government and east of nanjing, determined for the first year of the republic of China in 1912. On January l, 1912, sun yat-sen as temporary President from Shanghai to nanjing. But because of the support of yuan shikai and revolutionary compromises, on April 1, 1912, sun yat-sen as temporary President formally, yuan shikai steal revolutionary fruit, and its capital Beijing. Revolution despite setbacks, but sun yat-sen not discouraged, continue to expand the dharma, protecting movement, movement for yuan. In January 1924, the first cooperation with the communist party of China, and put forward the “united Russia, the communist party, the peasants” of the “new three people’s principles”. Until late liver cancer, he still endure pain, north and feng yuxiang to discuss affairs of state. On March 12, 1925, died in Beijing due to the deterioration of liver disease. Sun yat-sen was very like to zhong shan (mountain). As early as in 1912, as temporary President, had been hiking tour. On April 1, the same year was discharged after the post of President, here hunting, see here landscape dependencies, magnificence, had his back to
英语导游词中山陵
英语导游词中山陵Yatsen’s Mausoleum1景点概况2’30 (地理位置、建陵时间、5A级景区,墓址选定、中山陵的设计者及设计特点,孙中山身平,奉安大典Yatsen’s Mausoleum, located at the southern slope of the Purple Mountain, is the tomb of Yatsen who is the great forerunner (pioneer) of the Chinese democratic is the 5A cla scenic November 12, 1866, Yatsen was born of a farmer’s family in Xiangshan County, Guangdong 1905, set up the Chinese United League (同盟会), which was officially set up in Tokyo, .Sun was elected to be the Prime put forward the famous guiding principle- \”driving the invaders out, restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership\” and the Three People\’s Principles-\”Nationalism, Democracy and the People\’s Livelihood.\” Unfortunately, he b roke down from constant overwork and paed away on March 12, location of the Mausoleum was chosen by is exactly a good place to build a may wonder: was born in Guangdong but died in his whole life he traveled throughout China for the did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb? Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to memorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi\’s design, a design in the shape of a bell, was highly praised and gained the first prize .Because his design of the mausoleum in a shape of a kind of bell (木铎形平面设计)may best accord with the principle of the ancient Chinese kind of bell was often used to iue decrees (颁布政权法令) in ancient at the mausoleum the design in such a style symbolizes ’s spirit as the sounding of a bell that it may reach everywhere of the country and better arouse people of the Chinese construction of the mausoleum started in January 1926, juston the occasion of the first anniversary of ’s grand funeral ceremony held in large proceion on June 1, .Sun\’s remains was transported from Beijing to Nanjing, it has been placed here since 陵前部分2’(孝经鼎的重量、高度和鼎腹的刻字及内置六角铜牌内容, 博爱坊建筑特色，高度、宽度及正中匾额的“博爱”题字及出处墓道的长度宽度及特点) Please look to the south of the the top level of the platform stands a treasured tripod made of copper \”ding\” with two ears and three feet weighs 5000 is meters high and its diameter is tripod was donated by Jitao and all the students and faculties of Sun Yatsen in the surface of the tripod are three Chinese characters: “ wisdom, benevolence and courage”(智，仁，勇).In the interior of the tripod is placed a hexagonal copper plate, engraved on which is the full text of the Claic of Filial Piety (孝经全文)written in ’s mother own hand.Now we can see a gateway (牌坊) made of granite in an imitation of an ancient wood archway (仿古木结构牌楼).The gateway is three-arched and three-eaved one with the doorposts towering above the gate (三间三檐冲天式牌坊).It was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters high and meters in the two eaves above the lintel sets a horizontal stone plaque, on which two Chinese characters in ’s brush writings (孙中山手书“博爱”两个镏金阴文) are cut in intaglio and gilded by gold, meaning “universal fraternity”.These two words are quoted from “On the Origin of the Way”(原道)written by Han Yu.. consistently acted on the spirit of universal fraternity and fought all his life for independence and freedom of the nation (孙中山先生始终秉承博爱精神，为民族独立自由奋斗不息).Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters pines, cyprees, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific. 3陵门、碑亭2’30 (广场简介,陵门的建筑特点，“天下为公”匾额题字及出处)At the end of the tomb avenue stands a magnificent entrance tower, it is the gate of the front of it is an open cement platform 70 meters in width flanked by lawns (草地).The gate of the mausoleum is single-eaved and gable-roofed(单檐歇山顶)with blue-glazed tiles .Under the front eave of the gate we can find another four Chinese characters also in ’s brush writings, meaning “The world belongs to the public”.The words are quoted from “The Analects of Confucius”(论语).Behind the gate of the mausoleum (陵门) is a square pavilion, side length 12 meters, about 17 meters built by pavilion has a double-eaved and nine- ridged roof of blue-glazed in the middle of the pavilion is an eight meters high monument:,Monument engraved with the front of the KMT veteran Tan Yankai (the former chief of the Administrative Bureau(原行政院长) hand-written \”buried Premier Sun here the Chinese Kuomintang, the Republic of China June 1949 a day\” 24-run gold characters .From the Tablet Pavilion to the Memorial Hall(祭堂)there are eight flights of 290 steps with each having a large platform in three flights on the top part imply(寓意)the meaning of “The Three People’s Principles ” (Nationalism, DemocracyPage 1 of 2and the People’s Livelihood) and the five flights on the lower represent “The Five-Power Constitution”,(the Bureau of Legislation 立法院,the Bureau of Justice 司法院，the Bureau of Supervision监察院, the Bureau of Administration 行政院and the Bureau of Personnel Evaluations 考试院).Counting from “the Fraternity Gateway” to the Memorial Hall there are altogether 392 a design intends to remind climbers of ’s last words :“The revolution has not yet been achieved and my rades should make their further efforts”.Now we have e to the fifth floor platform, where a pair of enormous purple tripod, inscribed \”Bong An Dadian\” four seal script characters,this was the Shanghai Municipal Government to memorate Sun Yat-sen\’s funeral and presented carefully read the west side of the bird tripod, leaving two bullet holes in the wall, is said to be in December 1937 when the Japanese attack on Nanking shells we are ing the top and right sides of a pair of antique bronze tripod, which was donated by Mr Sun’s son Sun Ke\’s 祭堂、墓室3’Now we are in front of the Memorial us look around the platform around this platform, 162 meters from east to west, north and south into the deep 38 Memorial Hall is a Chinese and Western architectural style in one of the palace-style building, 30 meters long, 25 meters wide, high 29 meters, surrounded by a small fortre-like Memorial Hall roof ridge to eaves nine, overlying blue glazed Memorial Hall on the marriage of the three arches were carved from east to west, “Nationalism, Democracy and th e People’s Livelihood”.6 gold-gilded Chinese characters carved in relief(阳刻镏金字), the KMT veteran Zhang Jingjiang of the \”people\” upper lintels, as well as Sun Yat-sen the book \” The healthy tendency is bound to prevail over the world ”(天地正气).Halls in Yunnan white house black marble to four weeks you can see 12 black stone pillars,.On both sides of the Atlantic Wall is also engraved with the handwritten Sun Yat-sen \” The Outline National Reconstruction: （建国大纲）。
南京中山陵导游词精选（3篇）
南京中山陵导游词精选（3篇）导游词在很多时候也让很多导游头疼过吧，如果你当过导游，那你一定知道什么是导游词吧。
一篇完整的导游词，其结构一般包括习惯用语、概括介绍、重点讲解三个部分，只有不断地完善和修改，我们才能把导游词变成自己的东西，您知道这个导游词应该要怎么下笔吗？如果您对“南京中山陵导游词”感到好奇请阅读以下精心准备的资料，以下内容仅供参考请大家仔细阅读！南京中山陵导游词篇1中山陵亲爱的朋友们，来到历史文化名城，一定要去看看该地区最著名、最有特色的景点。
到了南京，如果不去中山陵，只能看到南京的一半。
虽然南京号称:“六朝古都”拥有“金陵四十景”等等，但中山陵无疑是最具吸引力和知名度的名胜之一。
说起中山陵，当然要提到它的主人，伟大的中国人民——主革命的先驱孙中山先生。
孙先生本名孙文，字逸仙。
外国朋友称他为“孙逸仙博士”。
因为他在日本从事革命活动时使用了"中山桥"他的别名，所以他在中国被尊为孙中山先生。
孙中山1866年11月12日出生于广东省象山县翠横村。
他野心不大，在檀香山、香港等地读书。
毕业后在广州澳门行医。
后来弃医从政，于1905年在日本组织了中国同盟会，被选为并提出了“驱逐满洲、恢复中国、建立人民国家、平均地权”的著名纲领，以及“民族、民权、民生”三民主义理论。
1911年10月10日武昌起义爆发后，孙先生被十七省代表推举为中华人民共和国临时总统，并于次年元旦在南京宣誓就职。
从那以后，我经历了“袁世凯窃国”第二次革命民族保护运动保护法运动”1921年，他在广州就任中华人民共和国临时总统。
1924年1月在广州召开的中国第一次全国代表大会上，他把旧的三民主义发展成新的三民主义，并“提出:联俄共助农工”三大政策。
同年11月，应冯玉祥邀请，北上商讨国家计划，于1925年3月12日在北京操劳过度而死。
中山陵的墓址是孙先生生前选定的。
视野开阔，气候壮丽，是修建陵墓的好地方。
你可能会问；孙先生生于广东，死于北京。
南京中山陵英文介绍
祭堂门额
民族 Nation
民生 Livelihood
民权 Democratic rights
The interior memorial hall
The interior memorial hall is paved with white and black 此处输入标题 这里输入主要叙述内容 marbles from Yunnan province. There are 12 black peristeles 这里输入主要叙述内容 with 0.8 meters in diameter. The both sides of the memorial wall are engraved with the full text of Fundamentals of National Reconstruction by Sun Yat-sen. In the middle is a sitting stone statue of Sun Yat-sen, 4.6 meters high and 2.1 meters wide.
孙中山
字载之
南京中山陵英文介绍
孙中山
字载之
革命家
Profile of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
01 His place is good for geomantic omen.
02 It faces the plain. 03 It is backed up by green mountains
as its protective screen.
PART 04
Sacristy
Sacristy
此处输入标题
这里输入主要叙述内容
Specification这里输入主要叙述内容
The memorial hall is a wood palatial architecture, 30 meters long, 25 meters wide, 29 meters high, and there are small buildings like Fortresses, and two 12.6 meters high ornamental columns. The roof of the memorial hall is covered with blue glazed tiles, and the outer wall is built up with granite in Hongkong.
祭堂门额
民族 Nation
民生 Livelihood
民权 Democratic rights
The interior memorial hall
The interior mem此or处ial输ha入ll 标is p题aved with white and black marbles from Yunn这a里n输p入ro主vi要nc叙e述. T内h容ere are 12 black peristeles with 0.8 meters in这d里ia输m入et主e要r. 叙述内容
中山陵英文介绍
中山陵英文介绍Sun Yat-Sen Mausoleum, located in the Zhongshan Mountain Scenic Area in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, is acultural landmark dedicated to the founder of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-Sen. This majestic architectural masterpiece was designed by the famous Chinese architect, Lu Yanzhi, and is now known as a must-see historical attraction in China.HistoryThe construction of the Sun Yat-Sen Mausoleum began in 1926, with the groundbreaking ceremony held by Chiang Kai-Shek, the Chinese leader at that time. The constructionlasted for four years, until 1929, and was funded by the government and people of China.DesignThe design of the Sun Yat-Sen Mausoleum is a blend of traditional and modern Chinese architecture and features huge granite stairs, a majestic ceremonial hall, and a large tomb chamber. The tomb chamber, where Sun Yat-Sen's body is enshrined, is made of white jade and black crystal, symbolizing the founder of the Republic's noble soul.The entrance faces south with the character "Bo" (薄) inscribed on the gateway, which means "respectfully thin," a virtue highly respected by Chinese people. Passing through the gateway, visitors can step onto the "Soul Tower," whichis richly ornamented and exquisitely carved. Inside is a 4.6-meter-high statue of Sun Yat-Sen.CeremonyThe Memorial Ceremony for Sun Yat-Sen is held at the SunYat-Sen Mausoleum every year on April 4th, the anniversary of his death. This ceremony attracts many high-ranking government officials, representatives from various countries, and ordinary citizens to pay their respects to the founding father of modern China.Tourist AttractionThe Sun Yat-Sen Mausoleum is surrounded by beautiful natural scenery and has become a popular tourist attractionin China. Visitors can get there by climbing 392 windingsteps up to the top of the mountain, where they can enjoy the panoramic view of Nanjing City.The Zhongshan Mountain Scenic Area also includes several other tourist attractions, such as the Mingxiaoling Mausoleum, Linggu Temple, and the Xuanwu Lake Scenic Area. These attractions provide visitors with a deeper understanding of China's rich cultural heritage.ConclusionIn conclusion, the Sun Yat-Sen Mausoleum is an outstanding symbol of gratitude and respect for Sun Yat-Sen, the founding father of the Republic of China. It is also a witness to the turbulent and extraordinary historical changes in modern China. The grand architecture and stunning beautyof this historical landmark make it a must-visit destination for visitors from all over the world.。
中山纪念堂英文导游词
中山纪念堂英文导游词篇一：中山纪念堂英文导游词TheSunYant-SenmemorialHallSunYat-senwastheforerunnerofthechinesebourgeoisdemocraticrevolution. Hewasbornonnovember12,1886inafarmer’sfamilyinthecuihengVillageinXiangshancountyinGuangdongProvince.atth eageof12,hewenttoHonolulu,wherehiselderbrothersenthimtoamissionarys ter,hecamebacktoHongkongtosudyinacollegeofwesternmedicinea nd,aftergraduation,practicedmedicineinGuangzhouandmacao.So,eversinc ehewasachild,hehadbeeninfluencedbythewesternideasofchristianityandde mocracyandthishadhelpedhimmakeuphismindtocuretheillsoftheoldfeudalc hinaandturnitintoademocraticandstrongnation.atfirst,hehadillusionsaboutt heQinggovernmentandhopedtosavethismoribundregimethroughreforms.B ut,china’sdefeatsbyforeigninvadersandthecorruptionandincompetenceoftheQinggo vernmentintensifiedhispatrioticindignation.HedecidedthattheQingcourtwa srottentothecoreandmustbeoverthrownandreplacedbyademocraticrepublic. So,in1894,togetherwithsometwentychineseshop-keepersandfarm-ownersi nHonolulu,heestablishedthefirstchinesebourgeoisrevolutionaryorganizatio n—theSocietyfortheRevivalofchina.inthefollowingspring,hereturnedtoHongkongandstaged thefirstarmeduprisingagainstthQingdynastyinGuangzhou;butitendedinfail ure.Then,in1905,hewenttoJapan,wherehefoundedchina’sfirstpoliticalpartycalle d“chinaRevolutionaryLeague”,whichlaterdevelope dintothenationalistParty.Sincethenhehadmadesuccessiveattemptstotopplet heQingregimeandfinallysucceededinthewuchangUprisingthatbrokeoutino ctober1911.TheQingregimewasoverthrownandhewaselectedtheprovisiona lpresidentoftheinterimgovernmentoftheRepublicofchinainnanjing.Thispol iticalpower,however,wassoontakenoverbythewarlords.Thenin1920,SunYa t-sencamebacktoGuangzhoutosetupanewgovernmentcalledtheSouthRevol utionaryGvernment.in1921,heproclaimedhisextraordinarypresidencyinGu angzhou.in1925,hediedofillnessinBeijingandwasburiedlaterinnanjing. SunYat-senhaddevotedallhislifetothecauseofthechinesedemocraticrevoluti on,andthe1911revolutionheledhadputanendtothefeudalmonarchythathadex istedinchinaforseveralthousandofyears.Tocommemoratehisgreatcontributi onstothechineserevolution,peopleofGuangzhouhadthismemorialhallbuilti n1929-1931,attheoriginalsiteoftheformerpresedentialhouseoftheSouthRev olutionaryGovernment,whichwasburneddownin1922byarebelwarlord,che nJiongmingbyname.TheSunYat-senmemorialHallisanoctagonalpalace-like reinforcedconcretestructure,58metershighwithafloorspaceof12thousandsq uaremeters.itlookslikeatraditionalchinesepalaceinappearancebutwasconstructedwithmodernarchitecturaltechnique.infrontofthehallstandsabronzestat ueofSunYat-sen,whichis5.5metershighandweighs3.9tons.Uponthefacadeb elowoneoftheeavesiswrittenSunYat-sen’smotto,meaning“chinaBelongstothePeople”inEnglish.insidethebuildingisa conferencehallwithaseatingcapacityof3,238people.and,thankstotheingenio usdesigningofthearchitect,theacousticsofthehallareexcellentandthereisnop illartoobstructthespectator’sviewbecausetheeightpillarssustainingthefourlong-spannedsteeltrussessup portingthehugedormedroof,arehiddeninthewalls.Today,theSunYat-senme morialHallisstillonethemainplacesformassmeetingsortheatricalperformanc esinGuangzhou.atthebackofthehall,thereisa2-storiedbuildingoneachside.inthebackyardare plantedover70speciesoftreesandflowers.amongthemakapoktreeisalreadyo ver300hundredyearsoldandthetwomagnoliatreesonbothsidesofthegardenar eover70yearsoldThesetwomognoliatreesaretheoldestmagoliatreesinGuang zhouandhavegrownupto90centimetersindiameter,eachgivingashadeofover 200squaremeters.ThemagnificentSunYat-senmemorialHallwasdesignedbya youngchinesearchitect,bythenameofLuYan-zhi,whowasborninTianjin,grad uatedfromtheQinghuaUniversityinBeijingandlaterstudiedarchitectureinthe cornellUniversityintheUSa.Hediedoflungcancerin1929,attheageof36,befor ethehallwascompleted.篇二：中山纪念堂导游词中山纪念堂导游词中山纪念堂是全国及广东省重点文物保护单位，是广州人民和海外华侨为了纪念伟大的革命先行者孙中山先生而筹资兴建的纪念性建筑物，由我国著名建筑师吕彦直先生设计，1929年动工，1931完成。
中山陵 英文作文
中山陵英文作文Nanjing, a city with a rich history and culture, is home to the famous Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, also known as Zhongshan Ling in Chinese. This historical site is a must-visit for anyone interested in learning about the revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen and the early years of the Republic of China.The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is located at the foot of the second peak of Mount Zijin in Nanjing. The architecture of the mausoleum is a combination of traditional Chinese and modern Western styles, reflecting Sun Yat-sen's ideology of blending the best of both worlds to create a new China.Visitors to the mausoleum can climb the 392 steps of the grand staircase, symbolizing the 392 million people Sun Yat-sen hoped to unite in his quest to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and establish a democratic republic in China.At the top of the staircase, visitors will find themain hall of the mausoleum, where they can pay their respects to Sun Yat-sen and learn more about his life and legacy through the various exhibits and historicalartifacts on display.Surrounded by lush greenery and beautiful gardens, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum offers a peaceful and serene atmosphere for visitors to contemplate the history and significance of Sun Yat-sen's contributions to modern China.In addition to the mausoleum itself, the surrounding area also features other attractions, such as the Linggu Temple and the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, making it a perfect destination for history enthusiasts and anyone interestedin exploring the cultural heritage of Nanjing.Overall, a visit to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is notonly a journey through history, but also an opportunity to pay tribute to one of the most important figures in modern Chinese history.。
中山陵英文介绍
My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest. nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six "dynasties." but if you leave nanjing without visiting dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of thecity.Talking about the mausoleum we should have an idea about sun yat-sen, the great pioneer of chinese democratic revolution. mr. sun `s original name is sun wen and styled himself yat-sen. so foreign friends would call him "dr. sunyat-sen ". since he took "woodcutter in zhoushan "as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called mr. sun zhongshan in china. on october 12, 1866, mr. sun was born in a farmer's family in caiheng village of xiangshan county (the present-day zhongshangcity) ,guangdong province. when he was still young, he had great expectations. he studied medicine in honolulu, hong kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in gangzhou, macao and other places later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities. in 1905, he set up china alliance organization in japan and he was elected president. he put forward the famous guiding principle- "driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of china, establishing a republic and equalizing the landownership " and the three people's principles-" nationalism, democracy and the people's livelihood. " on october 10, 1911, the wuchang uprising broke out and dr. sun as elected inrterim president of the republic of china by representatives from seventeen provinces. on the following new year's day (january 1, 1912) mr. sun took the oath of office in nanjing. from then on ,mr.sun experienced yuan shikai's usurpation, the second revolution, "campaign protecting the interim constitution." in 1921, mr. sun took the position of president in unusual times in guangzhou. at the first national congress of kuomintang held in quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original three people's principles and put forward three people's new principles. he also proposed the policies of "making an alliance with russia and the communist party of china and helping the farmers and workers. " in november 1924, in spite of his illness, mr. sun went up to beijing to discuss state affairs with general feng yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on march 12, 1925.the location of the mausoleum was chosen by mr. sun himself. hereis exactly a good place to build a mausoleum. you may wonder: mr. sun was born in guangdong but died in beijing. for his whole life he traveled throughout china for the revolution. why did he choose nanjing as the venue of his tomb?It is said that far before mr. sun took office in 1912, the abbotof lingu monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen. on march 31,1912 mr. un resigned as apolitical compromise for the sake of the union of the north china and the south china. one day of the early april, he went hunting with hu hanmin around the piety tomb of ming dynasty. they took a rest in the place wehre the mausoleum is located now. mr. sun looked around and said "if possible i would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin." surely, the fengshui of the zijing mountain is not the basicreason for the location of mr. sun's mausoleum . the basic reasonis that, he said on dying "after my death, you can bury me at the foot of the zijin mountain in nanjing in memory of the revolution of 1911, because nanjing is where the temporary government was founded. "so although mr. sun stayed in nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him. fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose zijing mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect mr. sun's wish, the preparatory committee of sunyat-sen's funeral, including his wife song qingling and his son sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the mausoleum. they delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the mausoleum. among all the contribution, young architect lu yanzhi `s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.On march 12,1926, the first anniversary of mr. sun's death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929. it cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.unfortunately, luyanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before the completion of the mausoleum. the completion ceremony was held on june 1, 1929 and mr. sun's remains was transported from beijing to nangjing. from then on ,mr. sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.The construction of dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum was an important event in the history of nanjing. in order to meet mr. sun's coffin, the first asphalt road was built from zhongshan port in the west to zhongshan gate in the east; it is 12 kilometres in length and also called zhongshan road. up to today, zhangshan road is still one of the most important main roads. at the same time, the city gate chaoyang gate which was built in ming dynasty was renovated and changed its name to zhongshan gate. between zhongshang gate and dr.sun yat-sen's mausoleum, a road called the mausoleum road was built. just as the people of paris take pride of their les champs-elysees and the people of new york ,the fifth avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards. and the 3 kilometers long mausoleum road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards. along both sides of the "green corridor" grows the main kind of tree in nanjing as parasols usually chinese people call them french plane trees, in fact they are chinese local products. just because frenchmen took them from yunnan province to france and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in shanghai, that is why they got such a name.Now ,we are going out of the zhongshan gate and driving along the mausoleum road. the destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, according to lu yanzhi's design, the place of the mausoleum is like a "duo", a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time. duo's sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy. the design reminds the people of dr. sun yat-sen's well-known saying "the revolution is far from success and we should continue workinghard." this saying also serves s an alert to the later generation. thecrescent-shaped square is the bottom of the "bell of freedom".Now ,please look to the south. there is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with jinshan stone of suzhou. the platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails. the copper "ding" (an ancient cooking vessel) with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg. it is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters. it is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum. the "ding " was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the zhongshan university and mr. dai jitao. one side of the "ding " is engraved with three characters "intelligence, humanity and brevity". these three words are the school instruction of zhongshan university. inside of the "ding "stands a hexagon copper tablet on which dai jitao's mother's handwriting of the "filial piety" is engraved. to the bell-shaped mausoleum the "ding " is just like the pendulum . it seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns. the archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width. it is made of huge granite from fujian province, but its structure is in chinese traditional wood structure style. now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board. the word in english mean fraternity. they were written by dr. sun yat-sen. the word are taken from a tang dynasty poet han yu's"fraternity is humanity " .it is said that mr. sun very much liked to write these two words to others. dr. sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for thenational independence and freedom fro scores of years. so we can say that "fraternity" is the best generalization of his life.Further from the fraternity archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum. the road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide. the whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific. in order to embody the greatness of mr. sun, the mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high. in addition, the plants of the mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn. now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum gate, the stele pavilion, the memorial hall and the coffin chamber right behind. the pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent mr. sun's revolutionary spirit and lofty quality. they take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times. among the trees, cedar is one of the"four kinds of tree for appreciation" and has been honored as the treeof nanjing city. the grand archway at the end of the mausoleum road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area. it is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep. it is made of granite from the fujian province, too. inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passageis dr. sunyat-sen's handwriting. it means that the state doesn't belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people.this is the goal for which mr. sun struggled for his whole life and itis also the excellent explanation of the democracy of the three people's principles. we have passed the gate of the mausoleum, then in front ofus is thestele pavilion. the 9-meter high stele in the middle of thepavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of yan zhenqing style, "chinese kmt buried premier sun here on june 1, 18th year of the republic of china". these words were written by one of the founder members of kmt, tan yankai. when talking about setting up a stele, wang jing wei and hu hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for mr. sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write. because they thought that mr. sun's merits couldn't be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise dr. sun without engraving an inscription.Going out of the pavilion, we'll see numerous layers of steps. the people of nanjing often say that the steps in the mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on lugou bridge (known for westerners as marco polo bridge). so when coming here tourists usually ask, "how many steps on earth are there in the mausoleum?" my friends, if you are interested you can count them.Now we are coming near the top platform. look ,there are two big copper "ding". they were contributed by shanghai municipal government of that time. now, please look carefully. there are two holes in the bottom of the left "ding". why? just let me tell you .in late 1937, when the japanese army attacked nanjing, their shooting left two holes in theleft ding. now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind chinese people not to forget the national humiliation. not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style. they are presented by mr. sun's son sun ke and his family.Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform. here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance. the memorial hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of fraternity. the vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters. if you count the steps from the stele pavilion, the number of steps is 290. in order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms. more marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform. but if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms. the number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the number of chinese population at that time-392 million.Now we are in front of the memorial hall and the coffin chamber. they are the major parts of the mausoleum. the construction of these two building was supervised then by lu yanzhi, the gift young designer. ifis when he was doing these two building he died of cancer. so when the later generation mention him they would often say, "it is a great pityhe died before his complete success." the structure of the sacrificedhall is of a ancient wooden palace style. it is 30 meters long, 25meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns. its roof, withdouble-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles. the outside of wall is covered with granite from hongkong. the inscriptionon the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief- "naturalism" "democracy" and "the people's livelihood" . these are the most basic and general guiding principles ofmr. sun's revolutionary activities. above "democracy" , there is a horizontal inscription board with sun's handwriting on it, "fill the world with justice".Please follow me into the memorial hall. the floor is covered with white and black marble from yunnan province. the colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in china. there are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each. you will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble. now you can have a look at mr. sun yat-seen's handwriting of "programme for founding a state", engraved on the east and west walls. the main colors of the hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in china. the inside windows are inlaid with smaltos. they present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine. the style of the whole structure is a blend of the east and the west, representing the well blended doctrine of dr. sun yat-sen.In the middle is the sitting statue of dr. sun yat-sen in a robe.it is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide. it was sculptedby the famous french sculptor paul arinsky whose native country is poland . he was entrusted by the committee of dr. sun yat-sen's funeral for sculpting it. he chose the italian marble as the material for the statue . in 1930, the sculpture was sent to the mausoleum from paris.its total cost was 1.5 million francs. the sic relief below are pictures depicting mr. sun's life and revolutionary activities.Passing through the hall, we have come to the coffin chamber. there are two doors that you need to get through. the outer door consists of twoamerican-made safety door leafs which are made of copper. the nails on themand the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional chinese. the horizontal inscription board was engraved with "the noble spirit will never perish " which was sun's handwriting for the 72 martyrs'tomb in huanghua mound of guanzhou .the secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters "mr. sun yat-sen's tomb" which were written by zhang jing jiang.The tomb is a half globe in shape. the design of kmt emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome. the floor of the round room is covered with marble. the room's diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters .the walls are covered with pink marbles. the circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter. it is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails. in the pit lays dr. sun yat-sen lying statue in zhongshan suit. this is sculpted in accordance to mr. sun's remains by a czechoslovakian sculptor. his copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture. you may ask why on earth the clothes dr.wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? in those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the kmt had severe conflicts. the rightists, headed by chang kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution. they insisted that mr. sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear zhongshan suit. since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.My friends, i `m afraid you must be concern about whether mr. sun remains are in the tomb or not. in fact, his remains had a unusual experience. after his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in biyun monastery in beijing in march, 1925. when the warlord zhang zong chang was defeated bythe north expeditionary army and withdrew to beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to mr. sun's remains and decided to burn them .itis the patriotic general zhang xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains. unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again. on may 28, 1929, mr. sun's coffin was sent to pukou from beijing by jinpu railway, and on june 1 it reached the mausoleum. after the grand ceremony of feng'an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it .the bottom of the tomb is granite. under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box. after the breakout of the resistance war against japan, kmt government planed to transport the remains to chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, chang kai-shek planed to transport it to taiwan this time. because it was not a easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by theengineering field and the left wing of the kmt. at last chang gave up the plan. so the remains have stayed here safely up to today.Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the mausoleum park. the back wall of the park is a "exhibition of construction of dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum ".the exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the mausoleum and the process of the transportation of mr. sun's remains.beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the mausoleum built in memory of mr. sun. most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in china and overseas chinese. the fraternity pavilion on top of the plum hill is built with the donationof a taiwanese compatriot. it was completed on november 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of mr. sun's birthday.Ladies and gentlemen. mr. sun struggled for a better china for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years. he carried out the three principal policies of "making an alliance with russia and the communist party of china and helping the farmers and workers" in his later days. the great feat mr. sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad. after liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.Now, as one of the "top forty tourist resorts in china" dr. sunyat-sen mausoleum receives numerous chinese and international friendsevery years. people come here to pay homage to mr. sun. today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the chinese on both sides of the straits . i believe that most chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous. at that time, when hearing this. dr. sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world. ok, thank you very muchfor your cooperation. good bye and good luck!。
中山陵英文
中山陵Sun Yat-sen was China's great statesman Sun Yat-sen's tomb. It is located in east China's Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Zhongshan eastern XIAOMAOSHAN the south, next to Xiao, a close Spirit Valley East, and build a mountainside. increased gradually from south to north along the axis, the whole building complex layers of the mountain and increase the momentum of magnificent.March 12, 1925, Dr. Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing, in accordance with the wishes of his lifetime buried in Zhongshan. Biyunsi suspended on the coffins, 86, and decided to build his tomb in Nanjing Zhongshan. Since the spring of 1926 to start the summer of 1929 to build.Sun Yat-sen sit north to south, covering an area of 800 million square meters, of which the Great Hall of the festival palace-building simulation, have three arches. doorway inscribed with "nation, civil rights, and the people's" banners. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, festival halls placed marble Zuoxiang, Dr. Sun Yat-sen wall engraved with the text of a handwritten "principles for national reconstruction".Its main structures : the arch, coins, Mausoleum doors Pavilion, and the tomb of the Great Hall and other ceremonies. From the air down, the Sun Yat-sen as a supine in the Green delivered acrylic blankets on the "freedom bell." Foot of the statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen is the steeple bell, semilunar Place bell roof arcs, top of the tomb and the tomb of the hemispherical dome roof, as the first round bell pendulum slip. Place the tripod southern Taiwan (now the images of Dr. Sun Yat-sen) to the clock bell in New York, the "ting" is the ancient symbol of power. The clock is therefore with the whole "to arouse the people to build in" with the United States. Sun images of heroic vitality, the gesture seems to swing between the destiny of the speech was delivered.Chungshan is the original greet bier Road, is Dr. Sun Yat-sen when the coffins through the south. Nanjing is the first asphalt road, started in 1926, completed in 1929. At that time, the preparatory office of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's funeral affairs program designed to recruit tomb. .The results, the design architect Lv direct "Liberty Bell" type design won first prize. Lv also been hired to direct the grave of Chief Architect. This set of construction, type combination, use of color, material handling performance and detail, we have achieved very good results, color harmony. thereby enhancing the solemn atmosphere.Entrance to the grave of a tall granite arch, a handwritten Dr. Sun Yat-sen the "fraternity" two Rongji. In such a landmark building is used to singing the praises of the main functions. "Fraternity" revealed word of Dr. Sun Yat-sen are broad-minded and lofty ideals. After the arch is 375 meters long, 40 meters wide oval. Behavior Mausoleum doors, it's a light blue glazed tile roofs, doors places on the works of Dr. Sun Yat-sen "commerce" four characters.Here the use of the color blue glazed tile has a certain meaning that the color blue symbol of the heavens : the color blue, glazed tiles containing Whether it is realized. Dr. Sun Yat-sen so as to show the breadth of the country and the people in mind. Choice for further progress. The steles piece about 6 meters high on the words "Republic of China on June 1 1929 Chinese Kuomintang funeral here, Mr. Prime Minister Sun," a unique golden characters. From the festival reached a landmark court began, a total of 392 stone stepsgrade eight platform.Climbing the stairs so many extremely difficult, but when you finish this long after the steepest stairs. will realize "the" premier wills "," the exhortation : "The revolution has yet to succeed, keep on working hard," meaning. Level with the granite blocks in SuzhouThe platform has a maximum two-table, after the festival Hall. China is a columnar table markers, signs in the Great Hall of this festival. Festival Hall has three arches, the sub-book "nation", "human rights" and "people" from the amount. Here is the festival palace-style Great Hall of imitation. Sun Festival Hall doorway engraved with a handwritten "world justice," The characters struggle to express the ideals of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.Dr. Sun Yat-sen Hall has marble Zuoxiang, 4.6 meters high, realistic, Portland is world famous sculptor Paul sinus Karpinski masterpiece. Block things around as a reflection of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary deeds of arms. Festival Hall Wall things handwritten marble engraved with the posthumous work of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's "principles for national reconstruction" and Mr.hu others write "the" premier wills ",".Here, we will not see the Sun Yat-sen to overthrow the feudal monarchy immortal donated 2,000 years of history and hard struggle, I also see the Sun as the Chinese independent, strong and grand plans for the founding ideas. Yet Hall after two heavy, made of either copper front door, door frames through black marble blocks. Dr. Sun Yat-sen handwritten on the "noble spirit that will never perish" banners.Dual fan brass door for independence, on the eastern gate "Mr. Sun Yat-sen's Tomb" stone. Comes round tomb, 18 meters in diameter and 11 meters high. Central is a long hole, lying on top of the white marble like Dr. Sun Yat-sen, He visited the site may lie around like the white marble railing overlooking the casket, as this system moves by the Czech sculptor high body image creation very realistic.Dr. Sun Yat-sen's remains buried below. Grave 4 meters in diameter and five meters deep, external reinforced concrete sealing. After the liberation of Nanjing, Liu Bocheng, as mayor, specially shipped in from Hunan 20000 Pine and Chinese parasol trees were planted here.30 years ago, Dr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum constant exploration of new renovation, the entire garden area of more than 3,000 hectares. Around the graveyard, full of dynamism and attractive. Sun Yat-sen was a great revolutionary forerunner Dr. Sun Yat-sen's tomb, located in the south of Nanjing Zijinshan Maoshan China. tomb building, a magnificent and majestic. The visit to Nanjing, the general must pay tribute to Sun Yat-sen's revolutionaries of the cemetery. Although Dr. Sun Yat-sen died, but his noble spirit that will never perish, and the world will never have to admire.Sun Yat-sen's fusion of Eastern and Western architectural styles, was the situation with various Zhongshan majestic arch, Mausoleum doors Pavilion, Festival Hall and tomb large green and the sky through a broad level, even as a whole, is very solemn and majestic both profound meaning Also it is very solemn and majestic, more grand finale, the design was very successful. So as the "first modern Chinese architectural history of the Mausoleum."中山陵My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest. nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six "dynasties." but if you leave nanjing without visiting dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the mausoleum we should have an idea about sun yat-sen, the great pioneer of chinese democratic revolution. mr. sun `s original name is sun wen and styled himself yat-sen. so foreign friends would call him "dr. sun yat-sen ". since he took "woodcutter in zhoushan "as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called mr. sun zhongshan in china. on october 12, 1866, mr. sun was born in a farmer's family in caiheng village of xiangshan county (the present-day zhongshang city) ,guangdong province. when he was still young, he had great expectations. he studied medicine in honolulu, hong kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in gangzhou, macao and other places later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities. in 1905, he set up china alliance organization in japan and he was elected president. he put forward the famous guiding principle- "driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of china, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership " and the three people's principles-" nationalism, democracy and the people's livelihood. " on october 10, 1911, the wuchang uprising broke out and dr. sun as elected inrterim president of the republic of china by representatives from seventeen provinces. on the following new year's day (january 1, 1912) mr. sun took the oath of office in nanjing. from then on ,mr. sun experienced yuan shikai's usurpation, the second revolution, "campaign protecting the interim constitution." in 1921, mr. sun took the position of president in unusual times in guangzhou. at the first national congress of kuomintang held in quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original three people's principles and put forward three people's new principles. he also proposed the policies of "making an alliance with russia and the communist party of china and helping the farmers and workers. " in november 1924, in spite of his illness, mr. sun went up to beijing to discuss state affairs with general feng yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on march 12, 1925.the location of the mausoleum was chosen by mr. sun himself. here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum. you may wonder: mr. sun was born in guangdong but died in beijing. for his whole life he traveled throughout china for the revolution. why did he choose nanjing as the venue of his tomb?It is said that far before mr. sun took office in 1912, the abbot of lingu monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen. on march 31,1912 mr. un resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the north china and the south china. one day of the early april, he went hunting with hu hanmin around the piety tomb of ming dynasty. they took a rest in the place wehre the mausoleum is located now. mr. sun looked around and said "if possible i would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin." surely, the fengshui of the zijing mountain is not the basic reason for the location of mr. sun's mausoleum . the basic reason is that,he said on dying "after my death, you can bury me at the foot of the zijin mountain in nanjing in memory of the revolution of 1911, because nanjing is where the temporary government was founded. "so although mr. sun stayed in nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him. fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose zijing mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect mr. sun's wish, the preparatory committee of sun yat-sen's funeral, including his wife song qingling and his son sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the mausoleum. they delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the mausoleum. among all the contribution, young architect lu yanzhi `s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.On march 12,1926, the first anniversary of mr. sun's death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929. it cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.unfortunately, luyanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before the completion of the mausoleum. the completion ceremony was held on june 1, 1929 and mr. sun's remains was transported from beijing to nangjing. from then on ,mr. sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.The construction of dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum was an important event in the history of nanjing. in order to meet mr. sun's coffin, the first asphalt road was built from zhongshan port in the west to zhongshan gate in the east; it is 12 kilometres in length and also called zhongshan road. up to today, zhangshan road is still one of the most important main roads. at the same time, the city gate chaoyang gate which was built in ming dynasty was renovated and changed its name to zhongshan gate. between zhongshang gate and dr.sun yat-sen's mausoleum, a road called the mausoleum road was built. just as the people of paris take pride of their les champs-elysees and the people of new york ,the fifth avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards. and the 3 kilometers long mausoleum road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards. along both sides of the "green corridor" grows the main kind of tree in nanjing as parasols usually chinese people call them french plane trees, in fact they are chinese local products. just because frenchmen took them from yunnan province to france and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in shanghai, that is why they got such a name.Now ,we are going out of the zhongshan gate and driving along the mausoleum road. the destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, according to lu yanzhi's design, the place of the mausoleum is like a "duo", a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time. duo's sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy. the design reminds the people of dr. sun yat-sen's well-known saying "the revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard." this saying also serves s an alert to the later generation. the crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the "bell of freedom".Now ,please look to the south. there is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with jinshan stone of suzhou. the platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails. the copper "ding" (an ancient cooking vessel) with two looped handles andtwo legs weighs 5000 kg. it is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters. it is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum. the "ding " was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the zhongshan university and mr. dai jitao. one side of the "ding " is engraved with three characters "intelligence, humanity and brevity". these three words are the school instruction of zhongshan university. inside of the "ding "stands a hexagon copper tablet on which dai jitao's mother's handwriting of the "filial piety" is engraved. to the bell-shaped mausoleum the "ding " is just like the pendulum . it seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns. the archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width. it is made of huge granite from fujian province, but its structure is in chinese traditional wood structure style. now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board. the word in english mean fraternity. they were written by dr. sun yat-sen. the word are taken from a tang dynasty poet han yu's "fraternity is humanity " .it is said that mr. sun very much liked to write these two words to others. dr. sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years. so we can say that "fraternity" is the best generalization of his life.Further from the fraternity archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum. the road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide. the whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific. in order to embody the greatness of mr. sun, the mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high. in addition, the plants of the mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn. now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum gate, the stele pavilion, the memorial hall and the coffin chamber right behind. the pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent mr. sun's revolutionary spirit and lofty quality. they take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times. among the trees, cedar is one of the "four kinds of tree for appreciation" and has been honored as the tree of nanjing city. the grand archway at the end of the mausoleum road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area. it is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep. it is made of granite from the fujian province, too. inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is dr. sunyat-sen's handwriting. it means that the state doesn't belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people. this is the goal for which mr. sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the democracy of the three people's principles. we have passed the gate of the mausoleum, then in front of us is the stele pavilion. the 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of yan zhenqing style, "chinese kmt buried premier sun here on june 1, 18th year of the republic of china". these words were written by one of the founder members of kmt, tan yankai. when talking about setting up a stele, wang jing wei and hu hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for mr. sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write. because they thought that mr. sun's merits couldn't be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise dr. sun without engraving an inscription.Going out of the pavilion, we'll see numerous layers of steps. the people of nanjing often say that the steps in the mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on lugou bridge (known forwesterners as marco polo bridge). so when coming here tourists usually ask, "how many steps on earth are there in the mausoleum?" my friends, if you are interested you can count them.Now we are coming near the top platform. look ,there are two big copper "ding". they were contributed by shanghai municipal government of that time. now, please look carefully. there are two holes in the bottom of the left "ding". why? just let me tell you .in late 1937, when the japanese army attacked nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding. now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind chinese people not to forget the national humiliation. not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style. they are presented by mr. sun's son sun ke and his family.Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform. here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance. the memorial hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of fraternity. the vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters. if you count the steps from the stele pavilion, the number of steps is 290. in order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms. more marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform. but if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms. the number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the number of chinese population at that time-392 million. Now we are in front of the memorial hall and the coffin chamber. they are the major parts of the mausoleum. the construction of these two building was supervised then by lu yanzhi, the gift young designer. if is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer. so when the later generation mention him they would often say, "it is a great pity he died before his complete success." the structure of the sacrificed hall is of a ancient wooden palace style. it is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two12.6-meter-high cloud columns. its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles. the outside of wall is covered with granite from hongkong. the inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief- "naturalism" "democracy" and "the people's livelihood" . these are the most basic and general guiding principles of mr. sun's revolutionary activities. above "democracy" , there is a horizontal inscription board with sun's handwriting on it, "fill the world with justice".Please follow me into the memorial hall. the floor is covered with white and black marble from yunnan province. the colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in china. there are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each. you will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble. now you can have a look at mr. sun yat-seen's handwriting of "programme for founding a state", engraved on the east and west walls. the main colors of the hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in china. the inside windows are inlaid with smaltos. they present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine. the style of the whole structure is a blend of the east and the west, representing the well blended doctrine of dr. sun yat-sen.In the middle is the sitting statue of dr. sun yat-sen in a robe. it is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide. it was sculpted by the famous french sculptor paul arinsky whose native country is poland . he was entrusted by the committee of dr. sun yat-sen's funeral for sculpting it. he chose the italian marble as the material for the statue . in 1930, the sculpture was sent to the mausoleum from paris. its total cost was 1.5 million francs. the sic relief below are pictures depicting mr. sun's life and revolutionary activities.Passing through the hall, we have come to the coffin chamber. there are two doors that you need to get through. the outer door consists of two american-made safety door leafs which are made of copper. the nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional chinese. the horizontal inscription board was engraved with "the noble spirit will never perish " which was sun's handwriting for the 72 martyrs'tomb in huanghua mound of guanzhou .the secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters "mr. sun yat-sen's tomb" which were written by zhang jing jiang.The tomb is a half globe in shape. the design of kmt emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome. the floor of the round room is covered with marble. the room's diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters .the walls are covered with pink marbles. the circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter. it is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails. in the pit lays dr. sun yat-sen lying statue in zhongshan suit. this is sculpted in accordance to mr. sun's remains by a czechoslovakian sculptor. his copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture. you may ask why on earth the clothes dr. wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? in those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the kmt had severe conflicts. the rightists, headed by chang kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution. they insisted that mr. sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear zhongshan suit. since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.My friends, i `m afraid you must be concern about whether mr. sun remains are in the tomb or not. in fact, his remains had a unusual experience. after his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in biyun monastery in beijing in march, 1925. when the warlord zhang zong chang was defeated by the north expeditionary army and withdrew to beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to mr. sun's remains and decided to burn them .it is the patriotic general zhang xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains. unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again. on may 28, 1929, mr. sun's coffin was sent to pukou from beijing by jinpu railway, and on june 1 it reached the mausoleum. after the grand ceremony of feng'an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it .the bottom of the tomb is granite. under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box. after the breakout of the resistance war against japan, kmt government planed to transport the remains to chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, chang kai-shek planed to transport it to taiwan this time. because it was not a easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the kmt. at last chang gave up the plan. so the remains have stayed here safely up to today.Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the mausoleum park. the back wall of the park is a "exhibition of construction of dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum ".the exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the mausoleum and the process of the transportation of mr. sun's remains.beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the mausoleum built in memory of mr. sun. most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in china and overseas chinese. the fraternity pavilion on top of the plum hill is built with the donation of a taiwanese compatriot. it was completed on november 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of mr. sun's birthday.Ladies and gentlemen. mr. sun struggled for a better china for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years. he carried out the three principal policies of "making an alliance with russia and the communist party of china and helping the farmers and workers" in his later days. the great feat mr. sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad. after liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.Now, as one of the "top forty tourist resorts in china" dr. sun yat-sen mausoleum receives numerous chinese and international friends every years. people come here to pay homage to mr. sun. today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the chinese on both sides of the straits . i believe that most chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous. at that time, when hearing this. dr. sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world. ok, thank you very much for your cooperation. good bye and good luck!。
江苏中山陵的导游词范文8篇
江苏中山陵的导游词范文8篇The model of tour guide's words of Zhongshan Mausoleum in Jiangsu Province编订：JinTai College江苏中山陵的导游词范文8篇前言：导游词是导游人员引导游客观光游览时的讲解词，是导游员同游客交流思想，向游客传播文化知识的工具，也是应用写作研究的文体之一。
本文档根据导游词内容要求和针对旅游地点是江苏的特点展开说明，具有实践指导意义，便于学习和使用，本文下载后内容可随意调整修改及打印。
本文简要目录如下：【下载该文档后使用Word打开，按住键盘Ctrl键且鼠标单击目录内容即可跳转到对应篇章】1、篇章1：江苏中山陵的导游词范文2、篇章2：江苏中山陵的导游词范文3、篇章3：江苏中山陵的导游词范文4、篇章4：江苏中山陵的导游词范文5、篇章5：江苏中山陵的导游词范文6、篇章6：介绍中山陵的导游词文档7、篇章7：介绍中山陵的导游词文档8、篇章8：介绍中山陵的导游词文档中山陵前临平川，背拥青嶂，东毗灵谷寺，西邻明孝陵，整个建筑群依山势而建，由南往北沿中轴线逐渐升高，主要建筑有博爱坊、墓道、陵门、石阶、碑亭、祭堂和墓室等，排列在一条中轴线上，体现了中国传统建筑的风格，从空中往下看，像一座平卧在绿绒毯上的“自由钟”。
融汇中国古代与西方建筑之精华，庄严简朴，别创新格。
下面是小泰收集整理的江苏中山陵的导游词范文5篇，欢迎借鉴参考。
篇章1:江苏中山陵的导游词范文各位游客：我们现在来到了中山陵。
它于1920xx年1月15日破土动工，历时三年多，耗资220余万银元，于1920xx年春竣工。
孙先生的遗体是1920xx年6月1日从北京运抵这里的。
整个陵区的面积达83600多平方米，主要建筑由牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭台和墓室等组成。
根据吕彦直的设计，整个陵区平面呈警钟形，给人以警钟长鸣、发人深醒的启迪。
孙中山先生在临终遗嘱中说，他致力于国民革命四十年，深知欲达到此目的，必须唤起民众。