考研英语翻译技巧3
考研英语翻译-应试技巧
考研英语翻译LECTURE 3 应试技巧课堂练习Exercise 1Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A. D., the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. (1)By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly two-thirds of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times threatened to take Constantinople and extinguished the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished, and artistic and literary production had virtually ceased. (2)By the early eleventh century, however, the empire had regained almost half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and art and scholarship had advanced.(3)To treat the Byzantine military, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated aspects of a single phenomenon is reasonable considering that these three forms of progress have gone together in a number of states and civilizations. Rome under Augustus and fifth-century Athens provide the most obvious examples in antiquity. Moreover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, economic, and cultural forms of progress might help explain the dynamics of historical change.(4)The common explanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantium would run like this: when the empire had turned back enemy raids on its own territory and had begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature. Therefore, Byzantine military achievements led to economic advances, which in turn led to cultural revival.No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of the recovery. Yet it is not clear that military advances invariably came first. Economic advances second, and intellectual advances third. In the 860's the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so that by 872 the military balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered in the empire's favor. The beginning of the empire's economic revival, however, can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally, the Byzantine revival of learning appears to have begun even earlier. (5)A number of notable scholars and writers appeared by 788 and, by the last decade of the eighth century, a cultural revival was in full bloom, a revival that lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Thus the commonly expected order of military revival followed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium. In fact, the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have influenced the subsequent economic and military expansion.Exercise 2Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult because they don’t leave fossils and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves wit hin the cells they’ve invaded. (1)Some viruses even have the ability to stitch their own genes into those of the cells they infect, which means studying their ancestry requires untangling it from the history of their hosts and other organisms.What makes t he process even more complicated is that viruses don’t just infect humans; they can infect basically any organism — from bacteria to horses; seaweed to people.Still, scientists have been able to piece together some viral histories, based on the fact that the genes of many viruses seem to share some properties with cells’ own genes. (2)This could suggest that they started as big bits of cellular DNA and then became independent — or that these viruses came along very early in evolution, and some of their DNA stuck around in cells’ genomes. The fact that some viruses that infect humans share structural features with viruses that infect bacteria could mean that all of these viruses have a common origin, dating back several billion years.(3)This highlights another problem with tracing virus origins: most modern viruses seem to be a patchwork of bits that come from different sources —a sort of “mix and match” approach to building an organism.(4)The fact that viruses, like the distantly related viruses that cause measles and rabies, are only found in a limited number of species suggests that those viruses are relatively new — after all, those organisms came along somewhat recently in evolutionary time. Many of these “new” viruses likely originated in insects many million years ago and at some point in evolution developed the ability to infect other species — probably as insects interacted with or fed from them.(5)Then there are the viruses whose genomes are so large that scientists can’t quite figure out what part of the cell they would have come from. Take, for instance, the largest-ever virus so far discovered, mimivirus: its genome is some 50 times larger than that of HIV and is larger than that of some bacteria. Some of the largest known viruses infect simple organisms. This indicates that they may have an ancient origin, possibly as parasitic life-forms that then adap ted to the “virus lifestyle.”In fact, viruses may be responsible for significant episodes of evolutionary change, especially in more complex types of organisms.However, despite all of their common features and unique abilities to copy and spread their genomes, the origins of most viruses may remain forever obscure.课堂讲评Exercise 1【语篇分析】本文是一篇现象解释型文章，试图解释拜占庭帝国的荣辱兴衰的原因。
考研英语翻译技巧
一、正反译法1.T hose who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must keep their faculties polished by constant use,so that they may unlock the doors of the knowledge,the gates that guard the entrances to the professions,to science,art ,literature agriculture---every department of human endeavor.正说反译例句：1.Admission by Invitation Only.2.He loses no time in practicing English.3.I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man.译文：1.要想取得为人们所获得并保持的成就，人们就必须不断运用自身的才能，使其不会生锈，从而打开知识的大门，亦即那些通往人类努力探求的各个领域的大门，这些领域包括各种门类：科学、艺术、文学、农业等。
（正说反译+词类转换）1.非请勿入2.他抓紧一切时间练习英语。
3.文章已拜读，没想到你这么年轻。
2,As Professor Nazemi refused to answer, a classmate offered, “Dude, you can use.”再如：(1)The specification lacks detail.(2)Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged.(3)If we don’t get more money, community theater will cease to exist here.译文2,纳齐米教授不予回答，一个同学于是建议：“哥们，你可以告他。
考研英语翻译技巧-绝对权威版本,内部资料
In spite of differences of opinion,we share a common interest in the preservation of the world. 尽管意见 有分歧，我们对维 护世界和平有着共 同的利益。
Although,but and depend on
2.定语位置 单词作定语放在中心词前，较长定语如词组或 句子则放在中心词之后。 举世闻名的万里长城 The world famous Great Wall 山东曲阜是中国古代著名的思想家、教育家孔 子的故乡。 Qufu, Shandong Provience, is the birthplace of Confucious, a well-known ancient Chinese thinker and teacher.
比较级
你练得越刻苦，你取得的进步就越大。The harder you practice,the greater progress you will make.（2003.70） 他在各方面都比我好 He is much better than I in every aspect.
This year they have made by far greater progress in business than they did last year. 他们今年的业务进展比去年大得多 The people there will pay two or three times as much as they used to pay for a house. 对于同一所房子，人们将要支付 的是往常支付钱数的两三倍之多。
英语二翻译技巧
英语二翻译技巧一,顺序翻译:如果说要翻译的长句在语法结构上的顺序和汉语语法的结构前后一致时,就可以将原文按次序翻译转化为汉语直接翻译出来,这种方式相对简单。
二,倒序翻译:在很多时候,英语语法的表述习惯和中文的语法习惯是不尽相同的,甚至是完全相反,这个时候就该分析好句子结构成分,从句子的后面开始翻译,提取出句子后面的定语、状语等修饰部分,在具体翻译时候按照中文语法习惯将其置于前边合适的位置,使其在语法表述上更符合中文习惯,同时做到语义通顺,不失文采。
三,拆句翻译:关于哪些很长但又句子结构部很复杂的句子来进行翻译,一次性将他们直接翻译出来有困难,这时我们完全考研合计将一整句合理的划分拆开,使其分为假设干个相对独立的小语句,翻译时候对这些小而简单的句子依次翻译,之后再以合适的连接词将他们串接起来,从来完成的完成句子的翻译工作。
四,结构重组翻译:也有很多的翻译句子,语法句式结构等完全没有一点的中文习惯,这个时候就更得分析好句子结构,然后按照自己的表述习惯,将句子结构打乱,再按符合翻译的要求进行句子结构重组,组合出新的句子以准确的表达出所要表达的含义。
五,综合翻译:事实上,关于一个考验英语中出现的语句,要对塔进行准确的翻译,一般仅靠某一种单纯的翻译方法是很难翻译准确的,这时候就必须要将自己已经掌握的各种方法灵活运用起来,合理的将各种方法综合利用,以便将英语原文准确的翻译出来。
2考研英语二新题型技巧考试嘛，最重要的是怎么拿到最高分。
首先分析一下，如果想的满分的话。
没有技巧，好好读文章才干保证不错。
那我们的重点是尽可能的高分。
一般有几个分数，6分，4分，2分，0分。
我今天讲的是如何快速拿6分或者8分。
拿到题，一定要先看选项。
快速选出你肯定的2个标题，一定要非常肯定，一般英语二的这部分一定会有确定的两个答案的，比较简单。
文章开头和结尾都提到，中间是一些例子什么的或者引申部分，扫过就行。
用时1分钟然后看一下剩下3段中出现的核心观点是否在选项中有同义替换而且其他几个选项显然不对，一般这个选项肯定是正确选项。
考研英语翻译技巧 绝对权威版本
句间语序
? 1.S+V+O，and /but S+V+O ? 2.引导词+从句+主句 或者 ? 主句+引导词+从句
否定句的翻译
? 英语中的否定手段： ? 1.词汇手段
no/not/never/nor/neither/hardly/rarely/seld om/scarcely/few/little/否定前缀或后缀 /lack/fail/deny/miss/exclude/run short//out of/beyond/without/above/except//before/un less/other than
? 省译法 你们需要的是快速进步，而不是慢慢 的进步。 You need rapid progress, not slow.
? 调整顺序 我能在这儿坐一会吗？ Can I sit here for a while 好的建议，谁来提都无所谓。 If the suggestion is advisable, it does not matter who gives it. 不管晴天阴天，比赛准 时进行。 Rain or shine,the match will go on
? 2.定语位置 ? 单词作定语放在中心词前，较长定语如词组或
句子则放在中心词之后。 ? 举世闻名的万里长城
? The world famous Great Wall ? 山东曲阜是中国古代著名的思想家、教育家孔
子的故乡。
? Qufu, Shandong Provience, is the birthplace of Confucious, a well-known ancient Chinese thinker and teacher.
考研英语一翻译方法
考研英语一翻译方法考研英语一翻译方法精选篇1一、前置译法如果一个定语从句在句中的作用是修饰和限定名词，那么通常就采取译为前置定语的方法。
但注意译成前置定语后既不能影响原文所表达的意思，还要使整个句子的表达言简意赅、连贯通顺、语气较强。
例句：Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.译文：水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
在前置译法的过程中如果定语从句中的谓语不含有具体意义，可省译从句中的谓语。
这种译法很简便，也很有效。
有时候，出于汉语行文的需要和逻辑关系方面的考虑，可将定语从句提在主语之前翻译，用来说明情况，但不作为被修饰名词的定语。
例句：There are also great advantages that come from the variety of culture brought by settlers from other lands.译文：移民从个地方带来了多种文化，产生了极大的好处。
二、后置译法我们都知道，英语中很多定语从句都是为了连接两个具有共同名词的句子而存在的，因此在翻译时最好分为两个分句。
而对于起限定作用的定语从句，如果结构较为复杂，句子太长，无法译成前置的定语，最后就译成一个后置的并列分句，这样更合乎汉语的习惯。
例句：Our war against terror is a contest of will in which perseverance is power.译文：我们的战争是一场意志力的较量。
在这场较量中，不屈不挠的精神就是力量。
结构较复杂的定语从句常译成后置的并列分句，在多数情况下要重译先行词，或即便句子不长，出于某种原因需要强调先行词，也要重译先行词。
例句：Days and nights are very long on the moon, where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.译文：在月亮上，白天和黑夜都相当长，月亮上的一天等于地球上的两周。
考研英语翻译题重难点精析
考研英语翻译题重难点精析由于翻译部分的句型结构和阅读理解的较难句型基本类似，考试重点如出一辙，为了让大家更好的理解阅读理解真题文章，提高做题正确率，现在把考研翻译方法进行归纳总结，以便大家复习参考。
考研英语翻译难点精析(一)被动语态翻译法1) 变为汉语的主动形式。
Eg：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。
2) 译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。
Eg：For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.尽管计算机可以提供那么多的帮助，它却不应该被看作是基本的思维和推理技巧的替代物。
Eg：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.这些预测将在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实取决于所用信息的数量、可靠程度、适宜程度以及用来解释这些信息的技巧与才智。
近三年考研英语翻译真题解析(三)
近三年考研英语翻译真题解析（三）三、2007年（1）Traditionally，legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers，rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.评析：从全句角度去把握意思，而非拘泥于某一个词，是做翻译不容易达到的境界。
本句有institutions和preserve都容易混淆如何处理。
难点：词义的处理和服从上下文。
重点：rather than的意义是取舍关系。
翻译：传统上来说，法学知识一直被认为是律师们的专利，而非受过教育的人们必需的知识装备。
（2）On the other， it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.评析：这句话的关键在于对which角色的理解，其实是联系了前后的links，并作出比较。
难点：从句很长，要把修饰关系理清楚，links同时也是forge的宾语。
重点：从句，还有cover，forge的翻译。
翻译：另一方面，法律把日常生活和这些概念联系起来的方式，与记者们在日常基础上，在报道和评论新闻时联系这两者的方式很相似。
（3）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.评析：表示因果关系的动词考研经常重复，有lie/rest/depend with/upon一般翻成“取决于”，“依赖于”。
考研英语翻译复习方法：句子中的静态与动态
考研英语翻译复习方法：句子中的静态与动态英语和汉语存在着文化的差异，还表现在英语多静态，汉语多动态，这就要求英译汉时常常注意进行词性转换，恰当的转换可增强译文的可读性、流畅性。
词性转换可在所有词性中进行，下面介绍最常见的(名词、形容词、介词)转译成动词。
1 名词译成动词英语中有大量由动词派生出的名词及短语，这些词可转译为汉语的动词。
这是译文中最常见的翻译方法。
Eg. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. (2010年英译汉46题)解析：宾语the rescue 由动词“营救、援救”转换为名词，在译文中保留动词的用法。
主句scientists jumped to the rescue可译为“科学家们迅速赶来救援”或者“科学家们迅速赶来挽救这种局面”。
译文：科学家们迅速赶来挽救这种局面，他们使用的证据明显站不住脚，其大意是：如果鸟类不能控制这些昆虫，昆虫就会把一切都吃光。
2 形容词译成动词英语中的形容词与系动词搭配构成“系表结构”作谓语，使这些形容词有了动作的意味，翻译时需要转换为动词。
此类形容词常常表示心理状态的知觉、情感、欲望等，如：与知觉相关的形容词：aware，conscious，certain，sure，ignorant，alert等。
与情感相关的形容词：happy，excited，confident，grate-ful，afraid，glad，angry等。
与欲望有关的形容词：desirous，hopeful，anxious，eag-er，enthusiastic，zealous等。
Eg. (1)Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or “fair”comparison.(1992年真题英译汉第73题)解析：主句谓语“be sure ”系表结构中，形容词sure 需转译成汉语动词“确保”。
考研英语翻译词类及结构转换法技巧
考研英语翻译词类及结构转换法技巧考研英语翻译词类及结构转换法技巧词汇辨析题是考研完形填空必要考察的一类题型，大家一定要掌握，虽然完型投入产出比不高，但是必要的方法技巧还是应该多看看。
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考研英语翻译词类及结构转换法方法一、词类转换转译成动词1.名词转换成动词经典例题: Interest in historical methods has arisen，less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.分析:interest在原文中是名词，而在译文中为了符合中文的表达方式，在不改变意思的前提下，将它改成动词。
参考译文: 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大，其次才是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学科。
(1999年真题)经典例题: With the click of a mouse，information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven_and_a_half times around the earth per second.参考译文: 只要一点鼠标，来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。
2.形容词转换成动词经典例题: Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easynowadays by modern means of transport.参考译文: 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易)所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。