英语阅读导学案(1)

厚德明理 博学慎行 高三英语导学案 2013-3-16 姓名 班级 1 1

Reading Comprehension—Guessing meanings 高考英语阅读猜测词义技巧指导与训练 备课人：武俊杰 审定人：高三英语教研组 学习目标：了解和掌握英语阅读猜测词义技巧 学习重点：灵活运用英语阅读猜测词义技巧 学习难点：从理论到实践

StepⅠ Revision(复习) 2013新高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： １、理解主旨要义； ２、理解文中具体信息； ３、根据上下文推断生词的词义； ４、作出简单判断和理解； ５、理解文章的基本结构； ６、理解作者的意图和态度。 由此，总结各项相对应的题型如下： 1.主旨大意题； 2.细节理解题； 3.猜测词义题； 4.推理判断题； 5.篇章结构题； 6.观点态度题。

StepⅡLead in (导入) 【猜测词义题考点概述】 猜测词义是英语阅读的重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词法和上下文的各种已知信息确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词（即：动词、名词、形容词等）。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。 【常考词汇类型】1. 在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词； 2. 专业化程度较高的词；3. 生僻词；4. 常用代词。

Step Ⅲ How to guess the meanings of words in reading comprehension ? 【方法一】：Using word formation（构词法） 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。 prefix (前缀） word root (词根） suffix（后缀） ① unbelievable 前缀______; 词根_____________; 后缀_____________. ② With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET) unconditional 前缀______; 词根_____________; 后缀____________.意为____ nonjudgmental 前缀______; 词根_____________; 后缀____________.意为____ 厚德明理 博学慎行 高三英语导学案 2013-3-16 姓名 班级 2 2

【方法二】：Using context clues（利用上下文线索） 技巧 1 Synonym ( 同义词、近义词 ) 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。 同义词常见信号词：or, namely, that is (to say), just as, like… eg.① Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 本句中下划线的词意为___________________ ② At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank. 本句中下划线的词意为_____ 技巧 2 Antonym ( 反义词 ) 反义词常见信号词unlike; but，however, although; while, instead(of), on the other hand... eg: ① Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely． “homely” 意思是 ②If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. “dissent” 意思是 ________

技巧 3 Definition ( 定义、解释或举例 ) 通过定义,定语从句/同位语/词或词组来确定词义. 常见信号词：be, mean, that is, that’s to say, or, namely, in other words, to put it another way, i.e., such as , like, especially, for instance, for example … eg: ①When writing an article, we often use simile, such as “brave as a lion” and “quick like lightning”． 本句中“simile” 意为___________ ②He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily. 本句中“resolute” 意为___________

技巧 4 Cause and effect ( 因果关系 ) 常见信号词有：because, as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，therefore，so that… ①All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key. 本句中“futile” 意为___________ ②She did not hear what you said, for she was completely engrossed in her reading. 本句中“engrossed”意为___________

技巧 5 Punctuation ( 标点符号如：冒号、破折号、括号） You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. A. dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers 技巧 6 Common sense (常识) eg: ① In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry. 意思是_________ ② Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 意思是_________ 【总之】猜测词义题旨在考查考生对某些关键词语或句子在特定语境中的含义的理解能力和通过上下文或构词法猜测某些超纲词汇或表达方式的意义的能力。因此，考生所掌握的词汇量的大小直接影响这类题的得分率。 厚德明理 博学慎行 高三英语导学案 2013-3-16 姓名 班级 3 3

Step Ⅳ Practice(比一比，猜一猜) Let's have a try to guess the meanings of the following underlined words. 1. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. ( ) 2. Helping laid-off workers and unemployed people find jobs is crucial (关系重大的)and pressing task facing the Chinese Government, President Jiang Zemin stressed yesterday, he urged better service to create work for the unemployed. ( ) 3. Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know if you think you are a brave person or a coward. ( ) 4. Most women in China ---educated and illiterate, urban and rural, the young and old--work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. ( ) 5. Jane was talking with others while Tom remained reticent all the time. ( ) 6. The farmer is the most important person in the movie. He is the hero. ( ) 7. They surrendered, that is, threw out their weapons and walked out with their hands above their heads. ( ) 8. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy—its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease “workaholism” is proving a difficult job, partly because many of them like work better than anything else, experts say. ( ) 9. The harbor is protected by a jetty—a wall built out into the water. ( ) 10. Crime is a very serious problem in Britain. One sort of crime which particularly worries people is juvenile crimes—crimes committed by young people. ( )