《大卫·科波菲尔》

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Features of Dickens’ Novels
狄更斯文学创作的特色
Sharp social criticism. 尖锐的社会批评 Gentle humanitarian. 温和的人道主义 vivid outward portrayal 生动的人物塑造 Humorous and Pungent irony 幽默辛辣的讽刺
作品的思想倾向
在这部具有强烈的自传色彩的小说里，狄更斯借用“小大卫 自身的历史和经验”，从不少方面回顾和总结了自己的生活道路， 反映了他的人生哲学和道德理想。 文章通过主人公大卫·科波菲尔一生的悲欢离合，多层次地 揭示了当时社会的真实面貌，突出地表现了金钱对婚姻、家庭和 社会的腐蚀作用。
在人物的塑造上，大卫·科波菲尔无疑倾注了作者的全部心血。 他始终认为，处于受压迫地位的普通人，其道德情操远胜于那些统治 者、压迫者。正是基于这种信念，小说中许多普通人如渔民辟果提、 海穆，尽管家贫如洗，没有受过教育，却怀有一颗诚朴、善良的心， 与富有的斯提福兹及其所作所为形成了鲜明的对比。
作 品 的 艺 术 魅 力
《大卫·科波菲尔》有一种独特的艺术魅力。它不以 曲折生动的故事结构取胜，只是如实地、融和着浓厚的抒 情气息去叙写生活。读这部作品，仿佛大卫·科波菲尔和 我们促膝相对、娓娓而谈。就在一些日常的平凡事件的絮 谈中，我们逐渐结识了作品中的人物，他们的命运牵肠挂 肚地揪着我们的心。
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His Literary Creation & Literary Achievements
Charles Dickens is a master story-teller. His language could, in a way, be compared with Shakespeare's. His humor & wit seem inexhaustible. Character-portrayal is the most outstanding feature of his works. His characterizations of child (Oliver Twist, etc.), some grotesque people (Fagin, etc.) & some comical people (Mr. Macabre, etc.) are superb. Dickens also employs exaggeration in his works. Dickens's works are also characterized by a mixture of humor & pathos.
LOGO
《大卫·科波菲尔》 大卫·科波菲尔》
在我所有的著作中， “在我所有的著作中，我最喜爱的是这 一部。像许多偏爱的父母一样， 一部。像许多偏爱的父母一样，在我内心的 最深处，我有一个最宠爱的孩子。他的名字 最深处，我有一个最宠爱的孩子。 就叫《大卫·科波菲尔》 就叫《大卫·科波菲尔》。”
——狄更斯在《大卫·科波菲尔》 （1850）的序言中这样写道
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Set example
The only visitors I ever saw or heard of, were creditors(债权人 They used to come at 债权人). 债权人 all hours, and some of them were quite ferocious（残忍的）. （残忍的） The best example is last paragragh in our book(page346). He solemnly conjoured me ,I remember, to take warning by his fate;and to observe that if a man had twenty pounds a year for his income, and spend nineteen shillings and sispence,he would be happy,
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But if he had spent twenty pounds one he would be miserable. After which he borrowed a shilling of me for porter, gave me a written order on Mrs. Micawber for the amount, and put away his pocket-handkerchief, and cheered up.
具体生动的世态风情，有血有肉的人物形象，显示了狄更斯描 绘生活的天才。他特别擅长通过音容笑貌、言谈举止、服饰装束、 习惯好恶以至某些怪僻，写出不同身份、不同性格的人物。
狄更斯是幽默的巨匠。巧妙的漫画手法，夸张、诙谐， 处处妙趣横生，引人入胜。以善意的揶揄，表现普通人的命 运或性格的某个方面，洋溢着作者对他们的爱抚之情，其中 又往往包含着一种凄楚的哀感，仿佛含着眼泪在微笑，它很 自然地引起我们的同情和会心的微笑。幽默和温和的讽刺构 成一种悲喜剧的色彩。哀而不伤，谑而不虐，是狄更斯作品 的特有风格，它是狄更斯温和的政治态度的反映。
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In each of these cases, flowers stand as images of rebirth and health—a significance that points to a springlike quality in characters associated with their blossoms. Flowers indicate fresh perspective and thought and often recall moments of frivolity and release.
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思考练习
读《大卫·科波菲尔》对我们来说，有什么现实意义？ 大卫·科波菲尔》对我们来说，有什么现实意义？
狄更斯和《大卫·科波菲尔》以精深的思想和 人生哲学向我们勾勒出金钱对婚姻和家庭的影响。 对于我们来说，资本主义社会的黑暗和罪恶让我们 真正感受到了生活的艰辛和辛酸，所以我们应该更 加理性地看待生活，对我们身边的人和事，不要再 盲目地追求一些虚无的东西，要还原最真实的生活。
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His Literary Creation & Literary Achievements
Charles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realistic writers of the Victorian Age. It is his serious intention to expose & criticize in his works all the poverty, injustice, hypocrisy(伪善） & corruptness（腐败） he saw all around him. In his works, Dickens sets a full map & a large-scale criticism of the 19th-century England, particularly London. A combination of optimism about people & realism about society is obvious in these works. His representative works in the early period include Oliver Twist, David Copperfield & so on.
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《大卫·科波菲尔》写一个小资产阶级知识 分子在资本主义社会寻求出路的故事。孤儿大 卫·科波菲尔经受了许多磨难，饱尝人生辛酸， 在一些善良的人们多方救助下，经过不屈不挠的 奋斗，终于获得了事业上的成就和家庭的幸福。
评论家认为，《大卫·科波菲尔》的成就， 超过了狄更斯所பைடு நூலகம்的其他作品。曾被列夫·托 尔斯泰誉为“一切英国小说中最好的一部”， 是最早传入中国的西欧古典名著之一。
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His Literary Creation & Literary Achievements
His later works show a highly conscious modern artist. The settings are more complicated; the stories are better structured. Most novels of this period present a sharper criticism of social evils & morals of the Victorian England, for example, Bleak House, Hard Times, Great Expectations & so on. The early optimism could no more be found.
当然，这种强烈的对比还反映着狄更斯本人的道德观：“善有善 报，恶有恶报”。这部小说里各类主要人物的结局，都是沿着这种脉 络设计的。狄更斯希冀以这样的道德观来改造社会，消除人间罪恶， 这是他的局限性所在。
Styles and Themes
“I have in my heart of hearts a favorite child. And his name is David Copperfield.” Dickens Central novel in Dickens’ career – first in first person – closest to Charles’ career – painful experiences described – written for same reasons Form and pattern of Bildungsroman ['bilduŋzrəu,mɑ:n] ( 长故 ） – develop protagonist（ of the identity of the protagonist（ 角） through pattern