蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量的检测与分析_本科生毕业论文

黑龙江东方学院 本 科 生 毕 业 论 文 蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量的检测与分析

姓 名 学 号 专 业 食品科学与工程 班 级 指导教师 学 部 食品与环境工程学部 答辩日期 黑龙江东方学院本科生毕业论文

i 蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量的检测与分析

摘 要 有机磷农药作为一类高效、广谱的杀虫剂正被广泛地用于农业防害以及家庭、仓储等的杀虫，但大量使用后产生的环境危害也日益严重。农药的急性中毒，特别是果蔬食品污染后引发的群体中毒事件屡有发生。因此建立果蔬有机磷残留检测技术是很有必要的。 本课题采用乙腈浸提，同时对茄果类、瓜类、甘蓝类、白菜类、绿叶类、豆类6类蔬菜共24个品种，采用气相色谱法检测有机磷中高毒农药甲胺磷、氧化乐果、甲拌磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、毒死蜱、敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷、三唑磷、杀螟硫磷、水胺硫磷等13种农药残留情况。本次检测蔬菜样品24个，其中检出含有被测农药样品8个，检出率33.3%；被测农药不合格的样品3个，总合格率87.5%。有5种高毒农药被检出，其中毒死蜱的检出率最高，达到25%，氧化乐果的检出率为16.7%，甲胺磷、水胺硫磷、乙酰甲胺磷均为8.3%。 关键词：气相色谱；有机磷农药；蔬菜 黑龙江东方学院本科生毕业论文

ii Vegetables in the organic phosphorus pesticide residues

in the detection and analysis Abstract The ganophosphorus agricultural chemicals take one kind highly effective, Guang Pu the pesticide widely to use in agricultural against evil as well as the family, the warehousing and so on insect disinfestation, but uses after massively, produces the environment harm day by day is also serious. Agricultural chemicals acute poisoning, after specially fruits and vegetables food contamination, initiates the community poison event sometimes occurs. Therefore the establishment fruits and vegetables ganophosphorus remains the examination technology to have the necessity very much. this topic uses the methyl cyanide to soak raises, simultaneously to the eggplant fruit class, the melon class, the sea cabbage class, the cabbage class, the green leaf class, the legumes 6 kind of vegetables altogether 24 varieties, uses in the gas phase chromatography examination ganophosphorus the high poisonous agricultural chemicals methylamine phosphorus, the oxidized rogor, the thimet, the parathion, the methyl parathion, to kill by poison the tick, the phosphate insecticide, the acetyl methylamine phosphorus, the triazole phosphorus, to kill the snout moth sulfur phosphorus, Shui Anliu the phosphorus and so on 13 kind of pesticide residue situation. This examination vegetables sample 24, picks out includes is measured agricultural chemicals sample 8, detection rate 33.3%; Is measured agricultural chemicals unqualified sample 3, total qualified rate 87.5%. Some 5 kind of high poisonous agricultural chemicals are picked out, kills by poison the tick the detection rate to be highest, achieves 25%, the oxidized rogor detection rate is 16.7%, the methylamine phosphorus, Shui Anliu the phosphorus, the acetyl methylamine phosphorus is 8.3% Key word：Gas chromatography; Organic phosphorus agricultural chemicals;

Vegetables 黑龙江东方学院本科生毕业论文 目 录

摘 要 .................................................................. I ABSTRACT ............................................................... II 第1章 绪 论 .......................................................... 1 1.1 选题背景 ........................................................... 1 1.2 农药概述 ........................................................... 1 1.3 农药分类及主要杀虫剂 ................................................ 2 1.3.1 有机氯杀虫剂 ................................................... 2 1.3.2 有机磷杀虫剂 ................................................... 3 1.3.3 氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂 ............................................. 3 1.3.4 拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂 ............................................. 3 1.3.5 杀蚕毒类杀虫剂 ................................................. 3 1.4 有机磷农药残留及其危害 ............................................. 4 1.4.1 有机磷农药残留与环境污染 ....................................... 4 1.4.1.1 对大气的污染 ................................................. 4 1.4.1.2 对土壤的污染 ................................................. 4 1.4.1.3 对水体污染 ................................................... 5 1.4.2 有机磷农药残留与人类健康 ....................................... 5 1.4.3 有机磷农药进入人体主要途径 ..................................... 5 1.4.3.1 通过皮肤吸附 ................................................. 5 1.4.3.2 通过呼吸吸入 ................................................. 6 1.4.3.3 通过肠胃吸收 ................................................. 6 1.5 影响农药残留的主要因素如下 ......................................... 6 1.5.1 农药的理化性质 ................................................. 6 1.5.2 作物类型和作物部位 ............................................. 6 1.5.3 施药方法、用量和时期 ........................................... 7