王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-伊恩
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-约翰
第21单元约翰•福尔斯21.1复习笔记John Fowles(1926-2005)(约翰·福尔斯)1.Life(生平)John Fowles was born in Leigh-on-Sea,a small town in London suburbs.After briefly attending the University of Edinburgh,Fowles began compulsory military service in1945.World War II ended shortly after his training began,so Fowles never came near combat.Fowles then spent four years at Oxford,where he discovered the writings of the French existentialists,especially Camus and Sarte, whose ideas corresponding with his own about conformity and the will of the individual.He received a degree in French in1950.During his tenure in France and later in Greece,he began to write poetry and to overcome a long-time repression about writing.The critical acclaim and commercial success of The Collector allowed Fowles to devote all of his time to writing.His most commercially successful novel, The French Lieutenant’s Woman,appeared in1969.In the1970s,he also published essays,poetry,translations and reviews.Fowles died on November5,2005after a long illness.约翰·福尔斯出生于伦敦郊外的小镇莱昂西。
王守仁英国文学选读课后答案
1. Heroic Couplet:A rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter, often “closed”, containing a complete thought, there being a fairly heavy pause at the end of the first line and a still heavier one at the end of the second. Commonly there is a parallel or antithesis within a line, or between the two lines.2. Dramatic monologue is a type of poem writing style in which a character, at some specific and critical moment, addresses an identifiable but silent audience, thereby unintentionally revealing his or her essential temperament and personality.（是一种诗的写作形式，是使一个角色在一些特殊的决定性时刻作为可辨认的但沉默的观众，由此无意的显示他或她的基本脾性。
）3. Blank verse is poetry written in regular metrical but unrhymed lines, almost always iambic pentameters. It has been described as "probably the most common and influential form that English poetry has taken since the 16th century.4. Iambic Pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb.5. Sonnet（十四行诗）: an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed, was introduced to England from Italy。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第2单元 威廉
第2单元威廉•莎士比亚Hamlet1.Why sleep is so frightening,according to Hamlet,since it can“end”“the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Key:Death means the end of life.If he dies,he may go to an unknown world and can never come back.In this sense,Hamlet cannot take revenge on his uncle for his father,failing to realize his will.Though“sleep”can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks,it is a state of mind that Hamlet doesn’t know at all.He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long“dream”.He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep,may be good may be evil.2.Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them,according to Hamlet?Key:According to Hamlet,because that people don’t know what lying there waiting for them in the unknown world,maybe something more terrible than that in the mortal world.3.What,after all,makes people lose their determination to take action?Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Key:It is the fear for the unknown world after death and the lack of confidence for the future make people loose determination to take action.Hamlet doesn’tknow what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself,so he is hesitated. However,Hamlet’s hesitation should be seen from a different point of view.The main reason lies in his concern for his nation.Hamlet is a true man.He wants to change the dark existing world,but it is beyond his ability,so he has no idea what he should do.He knows his death can’t solve the problems deeply rooted in the society.So he hesitated about what he should do as the prince of Demark.His revenge is not everything for him.And he clearly knows that the sudden death of king may cause some disorders in the country.Thus he is confused about his action.Romeo and Juliet1.What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection? Key:Romeo compares Juliet to the sun.2.What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet? Key:They think that since their family names hinder them from loving each other, they prefer that the names Montague and Capulet have nothing to do with themselves and even give them up.3.What does Romeo mean when he says“Look thou but sweet,/And I am proof against their enmity”?Key:It means that Romeo loves Juliet so much that he thinks that the love canprotect him from harm and dissolve the hatred between their families.Sonnet181.How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?Key:The poet thinks that he should not“compare thee to a summer’s day”, because“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”.And,in the following part, he gives his reasons.2.What makes the poet think that“thou”can be more beautiful(fair)than summer and immortal?Key:Because the poet thinks that“thy eternal summer shall not fade”for they will be preserved and perpetuated in the lines he writes.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第4版)配套题库-章节题库-第1、2、3单元【圣才出品】
第二部分章节题库第1单元杰弗里·乔叟Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks.1. The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a general prologue and only _____ tales, of which two are left unfinished.【答案】24【解析】乔叟的代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》计划写120个故事，但最后只完成总序和24个故事，其中两个未完成。
2. The Canterbury T ales contains the _____ and 24 tales, two of which left unfinished. 【答案】General Prologue【解析】乔叟的代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》包括总序和24个故事，其中两个未完成。
3. Chaucer employed the _____ couplet in writing his greatest work The Canterbury Tales.【答案】heroic【解析】乔叟在《坎特伯雷故事集》中使用了英雄双韵体（heroic couplet）4. The _____ provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury T ales, and itcomprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.【答案】Prologue【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》的序言部分提供整本书的基本框架，生动地刻画了一群各种各样的中世纪人物画卷。
5. In The Canterbury Tales, from the character of _____, we may see a very vividsketch of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer’s own day.【答案】the Wife of Bath【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》中，乔叟通过对来自中产阶级的巴斯夫人的生动细腻的描写，展示了当时中产阶级多彩的生活画卷。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解(第25单元 格雷厄姆
第25单元格雷厄姆•斯威夫特25.1复习笔记Graham Swift（1949-）（格雷厄姆·斯威夫特）1.Life（生平）Graham Swift,a prominent English writer,was born in London.He has ever studied in Cambridge,obtaining BA and MA.After graduated from college in1975, he taught English in several schools in London,and he did literary creativity in spare time.Swift is a writer with special apperception and opinions towards literary creativity.Characters of her works are usually mid-aged people,and by reflecting on their fate,Swift talks about history,life,love,marriage and death,etc.,vividly describing the life phenomena and contemporary spirit of the modern English society.Swift employs complicated narrative methods to indicate all kinds of relationships between personal experiences and historical events,revealing that by imagination and fiction,stories embody the nature of human being’s life experience.格雷厄姆·斯威夫特出生于伦敦，是英国当代杰出的小说家。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-查尔斯
第10单元查尔斯•狄更斯10.1复习笔记Charles Dickens(1812-1870)(查尔斯•狄更斯)1.Life(生平)Charles Dickens was born into a clerk family in Portmouth,Hampshire in1812. When he was11,his father was put to a debtor’s prison,so he was forced to work ten hours a day in a warehouse.At fifteen,he began to work as a lawyer’s office boy and read at the British Museum in his spare time.The suffering of his childhood has provided writing materials for his works.In1833,his first book,Sketches by Boz, was published.In the same year,he got married and meanwhile was writing The Pickwick Papers,which helped Dickens rise to fame at25.His industry was tremendous and his energy inexhaustible.He wrote novels,autobiographies,travel books,wrote and performed plays,edited periodicals,and administered charitable organizations.After the separation from his wife,he began to give public readings from his works to increase income,which further undermined his health.In1870, while working on The Mystery of Edwin Drood at his country house,he suffered a stroke of apoplexy and died a day later.After a simple funeral according to his wish, he was buried in Westminster Abbey.查尔斯·狄更斯1812年出生于朴茨茅斯的一个小职员家庭。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第12单元 托马斯
第12单元托马斯•哈代1.How does Tess react to Clare’s suggestion that they should leave their shelter? Why?Key:Tess refused Clare’s suggestion because she felt happy and content to live with Angel in the shelter.Inside the shelter there were affection and forgiveness, but outside were trouble and inexorability.Tess was unwilling to put an end to her happiness.For another,Tess feared that Angel's love to her and tolerance toward her impurity would not last long,so she would rather die than be despised by him in the future.2.What is the significance of Tess resting on an altar in the heathen temple? Key:In the author’s eye,she is just as pure and sacred as sacrifice on an altar.As a matter of fact,she’s not accepted by the society and has been despised by the hypocritical morality;she’s considered as a heathen.Tess considers the altar to be a comfortable place for her to stay because it’s just like home,and she is ready to sacrifice herself there.ment on this sentence：“‘Justice’was done,and the President of the Immortals(in Aeschylean phrase)had ended his sport with Tess”.In what sense is Tess’story tragic?Key:“Justice”is a sharp irony.Tess is the allusion to Prometheus,who stole fire(justice)for humans but suffered severe punishment(injustice)from Zeus. Generally,the moral atmosphere of the novel is not Christian justice at all,but pagan injustice.The forces that rule human life are absolutely unpredictable and not necessarily well-disposed to us.Tess’s final rest at Stonehenge at the end reminds us of a world where the gods are not just and fair,but whimsical and uncaring.What passes for“Justice”is in fact one of the pagan gods enjoying a bit of“sport,”or a frivolous game.Once she is executed,the fight or the“sport”is ended.Hardy’s idea about tragedy was influenced by Aeschylus(埃斯库罗斯),who thought that the stronger a person rebels against the fate,the deeper and tighter he will be trapped by the fate,and the nearer he will be on the way to destruction. Tess is a peasant girl who is very kind,responsible and diligent.However,she is vulnerable and weak.She is seduced by immoral Alec and abandoned by her beloved Clare.She has been always fighting against her fate,but she could never break away from her destiny.Finally,she kills the evil Alec,which leads to her self-destruction.She is the typically tragic heroine of the English literature.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》（第4版）配套题库-章节题库-第4、5单元【圣才出品】
王守仁《英国⽂学选读》（第4版）配套题库-章节题库-第4、5单元【圣才出品】第4单元17世纪英国诗⼈Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks.1. In the Revolution Period _____ towers over his age as William Shakespeare towers over the Elizabethan Age and as Chaucer towers over the Medieval Period.【答案】John Milton【解析】在英国资产阶级⾰命期间，约翰·弥尔顿可与伊丽莎⽩时代的莎⼠⽐亚和中世纪的乔叟相媲美。
2. The poems of John Donne belong to two categories: the _____ and the later _____. 【答案】youthful love lyrics；sacred verses【解析】受⽣活经历的影响，约翰·多恩的诗歌可分为两部分：年轻有活⼒的爱情诗和庄严的宗教诗。
3. In 1637 Milton wrote the finest pastoral elegy in English, _____, to memorize the tragic death of a Cambridge friend.【答案】Lycidas【解析】Lycidas是英国诗⼈⽶尔顿年轻时为溺海夭亡的剑桥同学⾦（Edward King）写的⼀⾸悼诗。
4. About the beginning of the 17th century appeared a school of poets called “ _____” by Samuel Johnson, the 18th century writer.【答案】Metaphysicals【解析】⾸先⽤“⽞学派”这名词的是18世纪英国诗⼈、批评家德莱顿。
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1/6十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com第27单元伊恩•麦克尤恩
27.1复习笔记IanMcEwan(1948-)(伊恩•麦克尤恩)1.Life(生平)IanMcEwanwasbornon21June,1948inAldershot,England.HespentmuchofhischildhoodintheFarEast,GermanyandNorthAfricawherehisfather,anofficerinthearmy,wasposted.HestudiedattheUniversityofSussexandreceivedaBAdegreeinEnglishLiteraturein1970.LaterhereceivedhisMAdegreeinEnglishLiteratureattheUniversityofEastAnglia.McEwan’sworkshaveearnedhimworldwidecriticalacclaim.HewontheSomersetMaughamAwardin1976forhisfirstcollectionofshortstoriesFirstLove,LastRites;theWhitbreadNovelAwardin1987forTheChildinTime.McEwanisaFellowofboththeRoyalSocietyofLiteratureandtheRoyalSocietyofArts,aFellowoftheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences,andwasawardedtheGermany’sShakespearePrizein1999.HisnovelAmsterdamwontheManBookerPrizeforFictionin1998.HewasawardedaCBEin2000.AtonementreceivedtheNationalBookCritics’CircleFictionAwardin2003.AndSaturdaywonthe2006JamesTaitBlackMemorialPrize(forfiction).Besides,IanMcEwanhaswrittenplaysfortelevisionandfilmscreenplays.HenowlivesinLondon.伊恩•麦克尤恩1948年6月21日生于英格兰的奥尔德肖特。他的童年大都跟随军官父亲2/6
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com在远东、德国、北非度过。1970年他在苏塞克斯大学获得文学学士学位，后来在东安吉利
大学获得文学硕士学位。麦克尤恩的作品在世界范围内广受好评。1976年他的第一本短篇小说集《先爱后礼》获得毛姆文学奖；他的《时间中的孩子》于1987年获得怀特布莱德年度小说奖。麦克尤恩是皇家文学学会和皇家艺术学会的成员，也是美国科学艺术研究院成员，并于1999年获得德国莎士比亚奖。小说《阿姆斯特丹》于1998年获得布克小说奖。麦克尤恩2000年被授予英帝国二等勋位爵士。2003年《赎罪》获得美国国家书籍评论奖。2006年《星期六》获得布莱克纪念奖。此外，麦克尤恩也写电视剧本和电影剧本。他现居伦敦。
2.MajorWorks(主要作品)FirstLove,LastRites(1975)《先爱后礼》
TheCementGarden(1978)《水泥庭院》
TheChildinTime(1987)《时间中的孩子》
TheInnocent(1990)《无辜者》
Amsterdam(1998)《阿姆斯特丹》
Atonement(2001)《赎罪》
Saturday(2005)《星期六》
SweetTooth(2012)《甜食的喜好》
3.SelectedWork(作品选读)TheChildinTime《时间中的孩子》
(1)Plot(情节)Thestoryiscenteredonthedevastatingeffectofthelossofachildthrough3/6
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书www.100xuexi.comabduction.StephenLewis,asuccessfulauthorofchildren’sbooks,tookhis
three-year-olddaughterKateonaroutineSaturdaytriptothesupermarket.Whilewaitinginline,hisattentionwasdistractedandKatewaskidnapped.ThistragedysetStephenandhiswife,Julie,ondivergingpathsastheyeachstruggledwithagriefthatonlyseemedtointensifywiththepassageoftime.Sincethen,StephenbecamedepressedandclungtothememoryofKate,watchingTVanddrinkingalcoholallday;Juliemovedawayandbecamearecluse.Stephenexperienceda“timetravel”thatheappearedtohismotherasachild’sfaceatawindow,whichmadeherdecidetokeepthechild.EventuallyStephenacceptedthisloss.HedeliveredJulie’schild,andreconciledwithher.故事围绕孩子被拐走造成的毁灭性的影响。斯蒂芬是一位成功的儿童文学作家，一个周六他像往常带三岁的女儿到超市买东西。在排队结账时，他一不留神，女儿就被拐走了。这一悲剧使他和妻子渐行渐远，两人的悲痛随着时间流逝而加深。自此，斯蒂芬极为消沉，终日沉浸在对女儿的回忆中，看电视、喝酒来打发时光。朱莉则搬走隐居。后来斯蒂芬经历了一次“时间旅行”，使母亲在幻觉中看到了他的脸庞，才保住了他。最终，斯蒂芬接受了丧女之痛。他为朱莉接生两人的孩子，两人和好。
(2)Theme(主题)Thebookexploresmemory,timeandhowouremotionallandscapeandinnernarrativeliveindifferentmomentsintime.Theauthorimpliesthattimeisrelative,anditspassagedependsonpeople’sstateofmind.Attheverycoreofthenovelisthe“childintime”,whichmayrefertoKate,Stephenhimself,hisfriendCharlesand4/6
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书www.100xuexi.comhissecondbaby.
McEwanalsodealswiththeidealizationofchildhoodthroughCharles.Charlesretreatsfromhispublicpoliticallifetothecountrysidewherehechoosestoembracethechildhoodheneverhad.Heessentiallyleaves“realtime”toliveinanotheremotionalconstructionoftime.Buttheidealizednotionofchildhooddoesn’texistanymoreforCharlesthanithasforKateorStephen,andultimatelyheisdestroyedbyit.Thenovel’sendsuggeststhatreconciliationisonlypossiblewhenbothStephenandJulieareabletotravelthroughtimetoembracethepresentandmoveforwardwiththeirnewbornchild.Thistriumphantsceneofloveandhopegivesfullreintotheauthor’sremarkablegifts.这本书探讨了回忆、时间以及我们的情感和内心的叙述如何出现在不同时间。作者暗示时间是相对的，其流逝取决于人的心理。小说的核心是“时间中的孩子”，可以理解为凯特、斯蒂芬、他的朋友查尔斯和他与朱莉的第二个孩子。麦克尤恩也通过查尔斯探讨了对童年的美好幻想。查尔斯童年不幸，他后来离开社会活动退隐乡下，希望好好享受童年。他离开了现实世界，回到幻想的童年时光中。但这种幻想对查尔斯，甚至对凯特和斯蒂芬，都不复存在了。查尔斯最后也结束了自己的生命。小说的结尾表明只有当斯蒂芬和朱莉穿梭时间，面对现实，和第二个孩子携手向前走，才可能实现和解。这个充满爱和希望的欢乐场面充分表现了作者杰出的才能。
27.2课后习题详解5/6
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com1.DidStephenreallyseethefigureinadarkcoatorisithisimagination?
Key:Thenarratortellsusthat“itwashardlyanawarenessatall,itwastheweakestsuspicionbroughttolifebyadesperatememory.”MaybeStephenmadeupthisimagebecausehewasbarelyconsciousatthattime.
2.Whatdoesthesentence“Then,withoutanyapparentinterval,anyconnectingevents,hewasoutsidethesupermarket”tellusabouttime?WhatdoesittellusaboutStephen’sfeelingsafterlosinghisdaughter?Key:Itshowsthattimeisrelative,whichcanbeimperceptiblyfast.Stephenisquiteataloss,desperatelyhelplessandbarelyconscious.