经贸文体的翻译
用词简洁 行文严谨 措辞委婉 专业词汇 普通词汇 成对的同义词或相关的词 并列反义词
Documents against payment Freight forward 付款交单 运费到付
In your favor Backlog of orders All sales are final. 以你方为受益人 尚未交付的订单 货品出售,概不退换
3.所有与本合同有关的通知和通讯均 用英文书写。
made and entered into; by and between; any and all 属“同义词或近义词并立结构”。 on or before系“选择性并立结构”。 通过词义互补,使表述的内容更加严谨、准确。
例1. 中的副词“hereinafter” 使该段文字表示的 “契约英语”所具有的正规,庄重的文卷气息跃 然纸上。
方将不胜感激。
4. If you will kindly inform us as to his financial standing, reliability and reputation for paying bills, we shall greatly appreciate the favor.
例句1. 以“倒装祈使句”的形式使表达的意思显 得委婉、客气。 若用一般的句式,如:“please find a copy of our price list enclosed.” 或 “ we enclose a copy of our price list.”
虽然意思相近但语句显得平淡。
2. However, up to the present writing, we have not had the pleasure of hearing from you.
违反 还盘 空白背书 提单
租船(机)代理 转船 本票;期票 汇款 临时发票 保险费
charter’s agent transshipment
promissory note remittance
provisional invoice premium
在经贸英语中还存在以普通词汇表达专业术语词 义的现象。
然而迄今为止,未见贵方赐复。
例2. 中的“pleasure”一词将指责对方未回复一事的
不愉快之感化为乌有,使得该句起到既点名问题 又不冒犯对方的作用。
3. We should be much obliged if you
could make us a firm offer for 100 tons. 如能报给我方一个一百吨的实盘,我
1. This agreement is made and entered into in Shanghai on 18th May, 2003 by and between A ( hereinafter referred to as the “Seller”) and B (hereinafter referred to as the “Buyer”).
2.若买方未在2003年5月19日或在此之 前向卖方提供装船通知,卖方可酌情 撤销本合同。
3. Any and all notices and communications in connection with the Contract shall be written in the English language.
1.本协议由A(以下称“卖方”)和B(以 下称“买方”)于2003年5月18日在上海签 订。
2. In the event the Buyer does not furnish the Seller with shipping information on or before 19th May, 2003,the Seller may at his option cancel this contract.
不可抗力
FOB (free on board)
船上交货
CIF (cost + insurance + freight) 到岸价
Endorser
背书人
Indemnification
赔偿费
Infringe counter-offer blank endorsed Bill of Lading 或B/L
Policy 保(险)单 Protection 保险;风险
Stylistic Characteristics of Business English and Its Translation
经贸英语文体的正式性表现 ①频繁使用术语、半术语; ②普遍使用正式程度高的普通词; ③大量使用名词与名词化结构; ④大量使用长句与扩展的简单句; ⑤使用被动语态; (6)靠结构进行语篇的谋篇布局与衔接等。
“herewith与此一道” 例句: Samples are enclosed herewith. 随函附上样品。
运用此类复合词可凸显经贸英语se find a copy of our price list. 随函附上我方价目表一份,敬请查收。
4. 如蒙贵方将其信用、财务状况及付 款方面的信誉情况告知我方,我方将 不胜感激。
例句3,4 表明,在经贸英语中,为表示客气,除 “pleasure”外,还常用 “oblige”, “appreciate”等词。
该类词汇仅用于经贸领域或与经贸事务相关的商
法领域。如:
force majeure
此类由here, there, where等副词与“in, after, on” 等介词构成的复合词还有:
“hereinbefore”在上文; “whereof”关于那件事,
例句: Concerning the transaction whereof we spoke the other day, I’d like to make further suggestions.
文体翻译
7.文体学研究采用什么方法?
采用描写、比较、频率统计三个方法。 (1)描写:从语言、修辞、语义、语用角度 对各种文体进行分析。 (2)比较:不同文体或同一文体的不同文献 品种和体裁之间进行对比,找出它们之间 的对应关系、共同来源和发展趋向,了解 不同语篇结构的个性和共性。
(3)适切:根据实用语篇的功能和目的,译文要进行调整, 适合译入国的规范。 伴随着改革开放的脚步,21幼儿园走过了13年的发展历程, 经过全体职工的努力,他们连续7年被评为区级教育工作 和全面工作管理优秀单位;1997-1999年市先进单位。 The 21st Kindergarten has been a success since it was set up 13 years ago. For 7 consecutive years, it has been given various honorary titles by Hedong Disitrct. From 1997 to 1999 it was commended by the municipal government for its hygienic conditions.(李欣译) 评:原文套话多,“优秀单位”、“先进单位”很难定义, 如果照直翻译,显得臃肿,英语读者不解。
(2)商业经济英语: A.学术英语:经济学、会计学、经贸 B.职业英语:秘书、会计、外销员 (3)社科英语: A.学术英语:新闻、法律、图书馆学 B.职业英语:法官、记者、图书管理员
9.文体的功能特征是什么? (1)信息性: The world's largest economy expanded at a 3.5pc annual pace in the third quarter of the year, marking the end of a recession that has cost 7.2 million American jobs and prompted the most radical Government response since the Depression of the 1930s. The figure topped the prediction of Wall Street analysts who had pencilled in growth of 3.2pc. 世界最大的经济体美国今年第三季度经济增长3.5%, 此为经济衰退结束的信号。本次危机使美国失去720万工 作岗位,美国政府采取了1930年来代以来最为激进的措施。 该数据比华尔街分析师的预测3.2%要高。
经贸俄语的语体功能及翻译
经贸俄语的语体功能及翻译作者:任伟志来源:《现代交际》2011年第12期[摘要]经贸俄语概念宽泛、文体形式多样、内容繁复,所承担的语体功能因具体语境和文体而异。
了解经贸俄语的语言特点及语体功能,翻译时遵循一定的原则,运用相应的策略,才可成功地进行汉俄两语码的转换,使译文准确忠实地再现原文内涵。
[关键词]经贸俄语语体功能翻译[中图分类号]H35 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1009-5349(2011)12-0056-02随着全球经济一体化的加快及中俄战略协作伙伴关系的深化,中俄贸易日益频繁,经贸俄语重要性日益突出。
经贸俄语涵盖较广,从国家的经济政策、法律法规,到具体贸易实务中的信函、合同、单证等。
它是一种实用性很强的功能语体,其形式多样,语言特色迥异,但其语体功能却是一致的。
由于范围广、内容繁杂、形式多样,给翻译不同体例的经贸俄语文书带来一定困难。
因而,要在明确经贸俄语的特点及语体功能的基础上,对经贸俄语在不同的语境中的功能变体进行分析,以探求其翻译原则及策略。
一、经贸俄语经贸俄语主要是指涉及进出口贸易实务的各种俄语文书,其中包括出版书报刊物,发表论文、著作,发行广告、样本,编写产品说明书,草拟文件、信函、意向书、合同,填写表格、单证,进行业务洽谈、技术交流、电话交谈,接待宴请、迎送往来等等场合所使用的俄语概称为经贸俄语(руский йзык го-рговоэкоцомического профиля)。
(谢辉,2002)经贸俄语的文体形式多样,但却是一种实用性很强的功能语体。
经贸俄语的不同功能变体属于不同的语体:有关经贸的俄语论文或专著属于科学语体;经贸刊物上的俄语新闻、评论、访谈等属于报刊政论语体;业务函电、经贸文件、合同单证、表格等则属于公文语体;而业务谈判、技术交流、研讨会及接见宴请时所发表的讲话或致辞属于口头形式的书卷语体。
可见,经贸俄语总体属于书卷语体。
这是经贸俄语的重要语体特点,也是翻译时必须注意的问题。
第10章经贸文体的翻译分析解析
(5). 拉丁语、古法语等派生词 的适度使用
英语语言的发展趋势总的说来是趋向简单。 拉丁语、古法语派生词等正式程度较高的词, 应在某些语体中适度使用, 不可滥用。例: ①The number of books in the library has been going down. ②The stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly.
2). 普通词的正式性与翻译
(1)、英语普通词汇的正式性与非正式性 拉丁语与古法语派生词,高雅而正式。它们一 般较同义的、盎格鲁撒克逊语的单词(AngloSaxon words)为长。人们称之为big words。
①.正式文体中,常用用拉丁语与古法语派生词; 用书面语单个动词代替短语动词
②.合同与国际招投标文件中的用词正式性举例 ③.工业产品说明书中的用词正式性举例
(2). 术语的权威性与严肃性
中国国务院有“全国科学技术名词审 定委员会”,负责审定有关术语。国外由 相关专业协会审定。国内外均以标准文件
的形式公布审定的术语。正规出版社出版
的英-汉或汉-英词典是对术语标准文件的 补充。不是来自纸张型正规词典的电子版
与网络词典质量不如纸张型, 其中部分可
靠性存疑。
(2)、英语庄重文体中的庄重性词汇与翻译
例:While the principle of this invention has been described with particularity, it should be understood that various alternations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims.
经贸文体翻译之生命——准确性
而产生的知觉性意义来解释。这种符号追求的是统一、 一致、 确
定性的意义。因此, 该类文本的翻译注重“ 准确” 。换一角度看, 经贸英语涉及到的领域主要是经济、 贸易、 法律等, 而这些方面 在实际运作中的要求也决定了该文本的翻译尤为强调“ 准确” 原 则。笔者认为, 经贸英语的翻译要以准确为其生命之源。 翻译标准问题历来是翻译界的热点问题, 从严复的“ 达、 信、 雅”钱钟书的“ , 化镜” 之说到奈达的“ 功能对等” 等等。那么如何 用这些标准指导经贸英语翻译, 经贸英语翻译是否又有其 自身
T he L ife of t he Tr an sla tion of the L iter a tur of e
Economy and Trade—
Accuracy in the Transl
(School of Foreign Languages , Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade , Shanghai 200336, China) Abstract :To realize the accuracy of the translation of the literature of economy and trade, we should know the selection of words , understand cultural connotations and display artistic styles.
Key words : the translation of the literature of econa ny and trade ; translation cr iteria ; accuracy
经贸英语属专门用途英语的一种, 适用某一特定领域。因 例 2. An endorsement on a cheque may be made in blank or 此, 其语言模式, 文体风格等都与普通用途英语有明显的区别。 special, 从符号学角度看, 符号用一定的能指指明一定的所指, 从而达到 支票上的背书可以是空白的, 也可以是特殊表达的。 符号过程 目 解释者要按照社会规约的方式来解释它, 标, 才能使 例3. Booz ,Al en & Hamilton l 交际完成。这种符号就是所指优势符号。这种符号的符码是一 布兹和汉密尔顿等人 种强制式的, 使解释者按严格的规定来理解, 尽量排斥不同的解 例 4. But all this leaves the New Republic Inc. without a cash 释, 使编码有一定权威性, 能指与所指 的关系单一性 和透 明 c o w 。 可是这么一来却使新共和股份公司财源尽失。 性。](P8 [1 8)专门用途英语文本语言属所指性优势符号, 也就是说 意指性功能起决定作用, 不容许任意地根据主观对世界的体验 例 1, 2,3 句英文的翻译在划线部分均出现了一定问题。我
经贸英语的文体特点与翻译技巧
经贸英语的文体特点与翻译技巧作者:潘莹来源:《新经济》 2014年第3期潘莹摘要:从事经贸英语翻译必须准确理解原文含义,熟悉相关术语,熟练掌握各种文体特点,研究、把握英汉两种语言句子结构的差异,熟练使用相关翻译技巧。
关键词:经贸英语专业术语语言风格翻译经贸英语主要是进出口贸易实务所涉及的各种英语文书,包括商业书信、合同、文件、产品说明书和各种单据。
1、词汇特点1.1 专业术语经贸英语中有许多专业术语,往往以缩略词的形式出现,词义固定。
例如:CIF= Cost, Insurance and Freight 到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)FOB=free on board 离岸价(船上交货价)一词多义是经贸英语中最为常见的现象,也是给译者造成困难最多的地方。
这类词汇的特点是既能最为专业术语使用,同时又是普通语言词汇的一部分,故也被称之为半专业术语。
在翻译这类半专业术语时,一定要了解某个词特定的专业意义,了解该专业的相关知识,切忌随意选择词义或生搬硬套字面意思,否则很容易造成误解或译文不准。
例如:She offers me a cigarette every time I see her.我每次见到她时她都给我一支香烟。
1.2 介词和介词短语在经贸英语文体中,为了行文的严谨和日后避免产生歧义,常使用大量的介词或介词短语。
包括在时间的名词、地点的名词和数量的名词前面连续使用介词,以确保无歧义。
例如:on or before October 21st 在 10 月 21 日或 10 月 21 日前far or near the site 远离现场或在现场附近另外,还常常使用复杂的介词短语来代替简单的介词或连接词。
例如:by/ before 在…… 之前 prior to ,as of1.3 复合性副词经贸英语中涉及到法律部分的,常用旧体词来增加严肃、正式的意味,反映了法律语言的保守倾向。
这些旧体词主要是副词,对其的使用主要是为了避免重复累赘之感,在翻译时要力争做到庄重、准确、简洁,符合法律文本的规范化。
文学文体的翻译
2) 人物语言的个性化
以上所谈的语言的形象性,主要是指作家在写景画物时所表现出来 的语言特点,而在一部小说中,尤其是在人物众多的小说中,作家为了 生动地再现形形色色的人物的个性,常常模仿他们各自的语言,使他们 说出合乎自己身份、地位、教养、性格的话来,有的可能非常文雅,有 的则会十分粗俗,有的则是方言俚语,极不规范,这是作家借人物语言 塑造人物形象的一个重要手段。如马克• 吐温的The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,小说的叙述部分即采用了经过锤炼的美国当代口语, 书中的人物对话更是原原本本的生活语言的照录,请看哈克与黑奴吉姆 的对话: "Hello, Jim, have I been asleep? Why didn't you stir me up?“ "Goodness gracious, is dat you, Huck? En you ain' dead-you ain' drownded-you's back agin? It's too good for true, honey, it is too good for true. Lemme look at you, chile ,lemme feel o'you…" 由此例可以看出,黑奴吉姆的语言充斥着讹读、省音、不合语法、 用词不妥(其中dat=that, En=and, ain'=ain't=are not, drownded=drowned, you's=you are,chile=child,o'=of),这些极不 规范的语言不仅仅只是传递了一种信息,透过它们读者可以推测到有关 这一人物更多的情况。
(3)
产品使用说明书英语
便携式多媒体音响 portable multimedia acoustics使用说明书 user’s manual专注于完美音质的追求?? concentrate on perfect sound pursuit?感谢您使用本公司出品的数码产品,为了让您轻松体验产品,我们随机配备了内容详尽的使用说明,您从中可以获取有关产品的介绍,使用方法等方面的知识。
在您开始使用本机之前请先仔细阅读说明书,以便您能正确的使用本机,如有任何印刷错误或翻译失误望广大用户谅解,当涉及内容有所更改时,恕不另行通知。
一、产品概述 general information本机是一款外观小巧,设计精美、携带方便多媒体小音响,适用于家居、户外旅游、办公室等场所,随时随地享受音乐带来的轻松,为您的电脑、数码音乐播放器、手机等视听产品提供超值完美的音质。
二、功能特点 function overview【mp3播放】直接播放tf卡及u盘mp3文件。
[mp3 player] enable directly playing mp3 files in tf memory card and u disk.【fm收音机】fm数字立体声收音机,电台记忆播放。
(可选机型,功能以实物为准) [fm radio] a fm digital stereo radio; enable mnemonic radio channel playing.【外挂耳机】本机配置标准耳机插孔,可选配耳机聆听音乐。
[ext earphone] a standard earphone jack included; enable listening with earphone.【断点记忆】自动记忆上次退出时的曲目播放。
[memory function] memorize the item played last time automatically.【可充锂电】内置可充电锂电池,环保、节约、实用。
1.DefinitionofTranslation翻译的定义
1. Definition of Translation 翻译的定义Down through the ages, people’s definitions of translation are diversified. It differs from person to person, it evolves with time. Changes of the world also helped to shape the connotation of translation. From the following definitions, you may have a glimpse of what translation is.﹒Translating is both a craft and an art, that is to say, it involves an accurate andcontrolled manipulation of language, tempered by a degree of freedom,imagination and creativeness.﹒Transferring the meaning of a stretch or unit of language, the whole part of astretch or unit of language, the whole part of a text, from one language toanother.﹒Translation is like busy matchmakers: they sing the praises of some half-veiled beauty and extol her charms, and arouse an irresistible longing for the original.(歌德)﹒The replacement of textual material in one language (ST) by equivalent textual material in another (TL) (Catford, 1965:20)﹒Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closestequivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style (Nida&Taber1969)Assignment 1What is your idea of “meaning” and “style” of Nida’s work? What is the connotation of style ? Exercise:If you were given two poems, one is by Li Bai (李白) , the other is by Dufu (杜甫) can you differentiate them, what is the author’s habitual use of the language? Similarly, if you were offered two pomes, one by Li Qingzhao (李清照),the other by Xin Qiji(辛弃疾),could you differentiate them?2. Principles and Criteria of Translation翻译的原则和标准The so-called principles and criteria of translation are actually the two aspects of the same thing. The former lays emphasis on the translator, who should follow these principles while translating; while the latter on the reader or critic, who may use the criteria to evaluate translation. Whenever principles or criteria of translation are under discussion in China, Y an Fu’s “three-character guide”, which was first proposed in 1898, would be mentioned, namely the principle of “信、达、雅”(faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance).In the past decades, Mr. Y an’s principle of translation has been generally regarded as a plumb-line for measuring the professional level of translation and a goal fortranslators to strive after. However, in the application of this principle, people have come to find some limitations to the three characters and put forward a variety of new standards instead.Three kinds of opinions are expressed on the principle of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. The first group maintains the original three characters, and in the meantime, adds some new concepts to the character “雅”. According to them, “雅”means far more than the English word “elegance”. Apart from the traditional interpretation, it also means classicism, and the adherence to the original style and flavor. The second group, however, argues that the word “雅” is out of place in tradition. While adopting the first two characters of Mr. Y an Fu’s principle, they discard the character “雅” and try to find some other new criteria instead. Noticeably, there are revisions such as “信、达、切” (faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness), “信、达、贴” (faithfulness, expressiveness and fitness), and so on. The third group of people, by casting away the three-word guide, proposes some new principles or criteria of translation of their own. Of the various popular theories, two of them are the most influential: spiritual conformity (神似) and sublimed adaptation (化境), the former, proposed by Fu Lei (傅雷) , emphasizes the reproduction of the spirit or the flavor of the original, while the latter, advocate by Qian Zhongshu (钱钟书), focuses on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.Despite the variety of opinions, two criteria are almost unanimously accepted, namely the criteria of faithfulness and accuracy (忠实准确) and that of smoothness (流畅). We may also take these tow criteria as the principles of translation in general. By faithfulness and accuracy, we mean to be faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style. By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expressions in the target language, free from stiff formula and mechanically copying from dictionaries.Assignment 2Exercise: 对比原文与译文,探讨忠实与通顺的关系1) All your moods are created by your thoughts o r “cognitions. “Y ou feel the way you do right now because of the thoughts you have at this moment. ”所有的情绪都是由思维产生的,或者说来源于“认识”,“你之所以感到这么做是对的,那是因为你的大脑就是这么想的。
使用说明书英文翻译(共2篇)
篇一:zysz直线筛使用说明书英文翻译zysz series linear vibrating screenintroduction manual图片已关闭显示,点此查看xinxiang zhenying mechanical equipment co.,ltd一、简介:我厂生产的直线振动筛是与中国矿业学院联合设计制造的,是利用振动电机激振的原理,使物料在筛面上被筛子抛起,同时向前作直线运动,以合理匹配的筛网达到筛分的目的。
适合于0.074—6mm的任何物料的筛分,最大给料粒度不大于10mm. i. introduction:zysz series linear vibrating screen is designed and manufactured by zhenying machine co. and chinese school of mines, with the principle of a vibrating motor excitation, sieve materials can be tossed on the screen surface and moved forward in a straight line, achieve screening purposes matching a reasonable screen. it can sieve for 0.074-6mm any material, and the maximum feed particle size less than 10mm.二、主要用途:磨料、化工、医药、冶金、建材、粮食、碳素、化肥等行业中物料的筛分。
2 application:it is widely used for abrasive, chemical, pharmaceutical, metallurgy, building materials, food, carbon, fertilizer industry and other industry.三、特点:与其它筛机相比,本筛机有如下特点:筛分精度高、结构较简单、维修方便、耗能少、噪音小、封闭性好、减少污染、筛网寿命较长。
商务英语写作文体有哪些
商务英语写作文体有哪些请参考下面这篇文章:商务英语文体风格和语言特点研究廖瑛摘要:商务英语,如商务信函、协议、合同、广告、单证和商务演说词等,均属于应用文体的范畴,尽管各有其自身的特点,但各类应用文还有其共同的文体风格。
本文从选词、造句,构建有效段落和篇章结构等方面论述商务英语精辟、简练的文体风格和语言特点,但愿有助于国际商务工作者提高使用得体英语的能力。
关键词:商务英语;文体风格;语言特点 Abstract: Business English, such as business letters, agreements, contracts, advertisements, documents and business speech, belongs to the category of practical writings. Although they each have theirindividual style, all kinds of practical writings have their common styles. This paper is to discuss the incisive writing styles and pithy language features from the use of the words and expressions, the making of sentences, the structure of effective paragraphs and the pieces of writings, hoping to improve the international business workers' ability to use appropriate English.Key words: Business English; styles of writing; features in language1. 引言运用某种语言进行交际时,不仅要懂得使用它的语法规则去构成句子,而且要根据不同的语境选择相应的文体,才能运用得体,收到良好的交际效果。
